刘慧强1,*,, 凯撒·苏来曼2, 孙芸3, 庞渊4, 樊孝喜1, 谢茹1, 柳超1, 段颖妮1, 马燕1 1新疆医科大学医学工程技术学院, 乌鲁木齐 8300112新疆维吾尔自治区中药民族药研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830002 3新疆医科大学中医学院, 乌鲁木齐 8300114乌鲁木齐市中医医院, 乌鲁木齐 830000 LiuHuiqiang1,*,, Sulaiman·Kaisa2, SunYun3, PangYuan4, FanXiaoxi1, XieRu1, LiuChao1, DuanYingni1, MaYan1 1College of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China2Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethno-Medicine, Urumqi 830002, China3College of Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China4Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi 830000, China 引用本文 刘慧强, 凯撒·苏来曼, 孙芸, 庞渊, 樊孝喜, 谢茹, 柳超, 段颖妮, 马燕. 新疆阿魏特征显微结构的三维原位无损研究. 植物学报, 2018, 53(3): 364-371
Abstract: Synchrotron-based X-ray phase-contrast micro-tomography is being used for achieving nondestructive and 3-D characterization due to the high contrast imaging of low Z materials (consisting of C, H, O, N elements). In this paper, we present a new method to combine the high resolution synchrotron-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging technology and phase retrieval algorithm for analyzing and evaluating the 3D inner micro-structures and nondestructive characteristic structures of Ferula sinkiangensis. The method successfully revealed the 3-D micro-structures and characteristics of F. sinkiangensis with high-density resolution, demonstrating that the method is an intuitive and reliable tool of 3D visualization, which has good potential for characterizing and identifying Chinese medicine materials.
1 材料与方法1.1 新疆阿魏实验样品实验材料为新疆野生阿魏(Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen) (图1A), 由新疆中药民族药研究所药材标本库提供, 产地为新疆伊犁。实验选取新疆阿魏根茎、节结及种子等部分, 无须任何特殊处理, 采用徒手切割法加工成小圆柱状, 直径在1-2 mm左右, 封装入离心管中固定(图1B), 可直接进行X射线相衬显微CT实验和成像投影观察。相比电镜观察制备法的脱水、染色及石蜡包埋等复杂处理过程, 上述方法更加简便易行, 且可实现原位检测甚至活体直接二维观测。 图1https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_1.png<b>图1</b> 新疆阿魏药用部位(A)与实验样品(B)<br/><b>Figure 1</b> The medicinal part of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis</i> (A) and experimental samples (B) Figure 1https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_1.png<b>图1</b> 新疆阿魏药用部位(A)与实验样品(B)<br/><b>Figure 1</b> The medicinal part of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis</i> (A) and experimental samples (B)
图2 上海光源X射线成像及生物医学应用线站(BL13W1)实验光路示意图(A)和基于标量衍射的同轴相衬成像(PPCT)原理图(B) Figure 2 Schematic of X-ray imaging and biomedicine application Beamline (BL13W1) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) (A) and the principle of propagation-based phase-contrast computed tomography (PPCT) (B)
1.3 探测器与实验参数选择实验采用风冷式高分辨X射线探测器(C11440-22C, Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan), 操作简单易行, 配以10 µm厚闪烁体, 将X射线转化成可见光通过光学透镜在CMOS阵列上成像, 其原始像素为6.5 µm, 结合2倍光学镜头, 可实现等效像素为3.25 µm; 样品置于六维高精度位移样品台(KOHZU, Japan)上(如图3红色椭圆内所示)。该实验经过理论估算和实验优化, 选择以下实验参数: 电子存储环为Top-Up模式, 运行束流250 mA, 光子能量15 keV, 样品至探测器距离(SDD)为180 mm, 曝光时间600 ms。采用远程控制软件操作样品与光路对准, 所有实验数据均用Im- ageProPlus6.0图像软件进行采集, 采用上海光源BL13W1自主研发的PITRE3软件进行CT数据重构。 图3https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_5.png<b>图3</b> 上海光源X射线成像与生物医学应用线站(BL13W1)实验平台<br/>包括高精度六维样品台(样品置于红色椭圆处的套管中)以及高分辨X射线探测器。<br/><b>Figure 3</b> Experimental platform of biomedicine application Beamline (BL13W1) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility<br/>The platform included high-precision sample stage (samples located in the tube marked with red circle) and high-resolution X-ray detector. Figure 3https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_5.png<b>图3</b> 上海光源X射线成像与生物医学应用线站(BL13W1)实验平台<br/>包括高精度六维样品台(样品置于红色椭圆处的套管中)以及高分辨X射线探测器。<br/><b>Figure 3</b> Experimental platform of biomedicine application Beamline (BL13W1) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility<br/>The platform included high-precision sample stage (samples located in the tube marked with red circle) and high-resolution X-ray detector.
图3 上海光源X射线成像与生物医学应用线站(BL13W1)实验平台 包括高精度六维样品台(样品置于红色椭圆处的套管中)以及高分辨X射线探测器。 Figure 3 Experimental platform of biomedicine application Beamline (BL13W1) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility The platform included high-precision sample stage (samples located in the tube marked with red circle) and high-resolution X-ray detector.
2 结果与讨论本研究利用第三代同步辐射X射线相衬显微CT技术, 结合相位恢复算法, 实现了新疆阿魏样品内部特征结构的高衬度三维无损成像。以新疆阿魏显微鉴别的特征结构为目的, 通过对不同药材部位的横向切割图、冠状面切割图、子午面切割图及其三维体视图和特征提取等多角度多形态信息进行分析, 主要展示了对新疆阿魏鉴别意义重大且显微特征出现频率较高的实验结果, 包括木质部微管束(导管)、韧皮薄壁细胞、淀粉粒、阿魏酸酯晶柱、木栓纤维及结节分叉点和种子特征结构等。 2.1 根茎部显微特征根茎输导组织是具类似导管结构的大量微管束, 是植物体内输送水分、无机盐和营养物质等的重要保障。其显微特征结构主要为导管的微观形貌, 根据其导管细胞壁增厚形成的微管束大小不同, 通过对新疆阿魏在横(图4A)、纵(图4B)和子午面(图4C) 3个切面方向上的PPCT截面图进行分析、测量和统计, 发现其主导管分布较为均匀, 网纹导管结构垂直分布, 其直径约为50-90 µm, 以独立导管为主, 部分含有外切双导管和内切双导管(图4标记1); 导管由内涵韧皮部薄壁细胞构成, 直径10-18 µm, 主要呈纵向网格状分布, 基本呈方孔纹形, 部分亦呈圆孔纹状分布(图4标记2); 木栓纤维束清晰可见, 横向结构呈团簇状, 纵向呈柱状结构, 其密度远高于周边木质部结构, 结构致密, 部分内涵微空隙, 纵深分布, 大多数近导管外侧分布(图4标记3); 淀粉粒清晰可见, 分布密度适中, 组织密度高于周边组织, 绝大多数为单粒, 形貌圆润, 复粒亦见, 直径约为25-30 µm (图4标记4); 阿魏酸酯簇晶结构较为圆钝, 组织密度最大, 直径约为60-70 µm, 主要分布在较大导管附近, 与无机盐的输导和浸润关系密切, 是用于显微鉴别的又一特征结构(图4标记5)。 图4https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_6.png<b>图4</b> 新疆阿魏根茎部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)重构结果的三切面图<br/>(A) 横向切割图; (B) 冠状面切割图; (C) 子午面切割图。1: 导管; 2: 内涵韧皮部薄壁细胞; 3: 木栓纤维束; 4: 淀粉粒; 5: 微阿魏酸酯簇晶(此图仅是样品重构切片的某一层, 具有代表性, 可观察到密度较高的阿魏酸酯簇晶, 表现为高亮度的像素分布)。Bars=150 µm<br/><b>Figure 4</b> Slices of Propagation-based Phase-contrast Com- puted Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of root-stem position of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis<br/></i>(A) Transverse section; (B) Coronary section; (C) Saggital section. 1: Vessels; 2: Included phloem parenchyma cells; 3: Xylem fiber bundles; 4: Starch grain; 5: Clusters of oryza- nolum crystal (a representative image showing the distribution of high density oryzanolum crystal with bright pixels). Bars=150 μm Figure 4https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_6.png<b>图4</b> 新疆阿魏根茎部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)重构结果的三切面图<br/>(A) 横向切割图; (B) 冠状面切割图; (C) 子午面切割图。1: 导管; 2: 内涵韧皮部薄壁细胞; 3: 木栓纤维束; 4: 淀粉粒; 5: 微阿魏酸酯簇晶(此图仅是样品重构切片的某一层, 具有代表性, 可观察到密度较高的阿魏酸酯簇晶, 表现为高亮度的像素分布)。Bars=150 µm<br/><b>Figure 4</b> Slices of Propagation-based Phase-contrast Com- puted Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of root-stem position of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis<br/></i>(A) Transverse section; (B) Coronary section; (C) Saggital section. 1: Vessels; 2: Included phloem parenchyma cells; 3: Xylem fiber bundles; 4: Starch grain; 5: Clusters of oryza- nolum crystal (a representative image showing the distribution of high density oryzanolum crystal with bright pixels). Bars=150 μm
图4 新疆阿魏根茎部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)重构结果的三切面图 (A) 横向切割图; (B) 冠状面切割图; (C) 子午面切割图。1: 导管; 2: 内涵韧皮部薄壁细胞; 3: 木栓纤维束; 4: 淀粉粒; 5: 微阿魏酸酯簇晶(此图仅是样品重构切片的某一层, 具有代表性, 可观察到密度较高的阿魏酸酯簇晶, 表现为高亮度的像素分布)。Bars=150 µm Figure 4 Slices of Propagation-based Phase-contrast Com- puted Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of root-stem position of Ferula sinkiangensis (A) Transverse section; (B) Coronary section; (C) Saggital section. 1: Vessels; 2: Included phloem parenchyma cells; 3: Xylem fiber bundles; 4: Starch grain; 5: Clusters of oryza- nolum crystal (a representative image showing the distribution of high density oryzanolum crystal with bright pixels). Bars=150 μm
采用PPCT相位恢复算法进一步处理后, 图像信噪比得到大幅提升, 可有效区分不同植物组分, 并进行三维重构和渲染, 得到丰富的样品立体结构信息和形态特征的原位分布图(图5A), 可清晰展示图4中所分析的各显微特征结构的三维原位结构和形态分布, 如导管、薄壁细胞簇和致密纤维束等不同伪彩色立体特征, 为新疆阿魏的显微鉴定提供了一种有效方法。图5B和C分别显示基于不同视角及灰度定量分割下所得到的纤维束、淀粉粒和阿魏酸酯簇晶三维结构与特征分布, 致密纤维束沿导管纵向三维分布, 提供输导支架作用, 淀粉颗粒和阿魏酸酯簇晶呈球形, 表面平钝, 靠近导管分布。 图5https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_7.png<b>图5</b> 新疆阿魏根茎部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)三维渲染重构体视图<br/>(A) 根茎部各组分的彩色显微特征体结构(其中浅蓝色代表植物细胞壁和管径, 深蓝色代表植物导管空腔和孔隙); (B), (C) 基于相位恢复算法定量提取的纤维束导管(蓝色)、淀粉粒(蓝紫色)及阿魏酸酯簇晶(红色)不同角度的三维结构及特征分布。<br/><b>Figure 5</b> 3D-renderings of Propagation-based Phase-contrast Computed Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of root-stem position of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis<br/></i>(A) Volumetric visualization of the whole sample with different colors (light blue denotes plant cell walls and ducts; dark blue denotes duct cavities and holes); (B), (C) Quantitative segmentation of xylem fiber bundles (blue color), starch grain (bluish violet color) and oryzanolum crystal (red color) with different views based on phase retrieval algorithm. Figure 5https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_7.png<b>图5</b> 新疆阿魏根茎部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)三维渲染重构体视图<br/>(A) 根茎部各组分的彩色显微特征体结构(其中浅蓝色代表植物细胞壁和管径, 深蓝色代表植物导管空腔和孔隙); (B), (C) 基于相位恢复算法定量提取的纤维束导管(蓝色)、淀粉粒(蓝紫色)及阿魏酸酯簇晶(红色)不同角度的三维结构及特征分布。<br/><b>Figure 5</b> 3D-renderings of Propagation-based Phase-contrast Computed Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of root-stem position of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis<br/></i>(A) Volumetric visualization of the whole sample with different colors (light blue denotes plant cell walls and ducts; dark blue denotes duct cavities and holes); (B), (C) Quantitative segmentation of xylem fiber bundles (blue color), starch grain (bluish violet color) and oryzanolum crystal (red color) with different views based on phase retrieval algorithm.
图5 新疆阿魏根茎部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)三维渲染重构体视图 (A) 根茎部各组分的彩色显微特征体结构(其中浅蓝色代表植物细胞壁和管径, 深蓝色代表植物导管空腔和孔隙); (B), (C) 基于相位恢复算法定量提取的纤维束导管(蓝色)、淀粉粒(蓝紫色)及阿魏酸酯簇晶(红色)不同角度的三维结构及特征分布。 Figure 5 3D-renderings of Propagation-based Phase-contrast Computed Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of root-stem position of Ferula sinkiangensis (A) Volumetric visualization of the whole sample with different colors (light blue denotes plant cell walls and ducts; dark blue denotes duct cavities and holes); (B), (C) Quantitative segmentation of xylem fiber bundles (blue color), starch grain (bluish violet color) and oryzanolum crystal (red color) with different views based on phase retrieval algorithm.
2.2 茎节叉部显微特征新疆阿魏茎节叉部具有明显的显微特征结构, 亦可用于鉴别新疆阿魏。如图6A-C所示, 除可见外缘分布韧皮部薄壁细胞和大量导管束外, 尤其明显可见其节结分叉线, 高密度高亮度的弯曲延长分布(如白色实线箭头所指), 其一侧具有典型的横向致密纤维束, 呈射线状典型分布, 末端分布较多圆形微导管束, 且数量较为密集, 团簇束直径约100 µm (如白色虚线箭头所示)。另外, 在子午面(图6C)和冠状面图(图6B)中, 亦发现大量横向纤维束存在, 可作为新疆阿魏典型的显微特征结构之一。此外, 子午面和冠状面数字切片展示高致密长纤维束内含大量圆形薄壁细胞且呈纵向分布(如白色长点箭头所指), 在部分区域发现横向导管, 其直径与纵向相似, 在部分横向导管近处亦发现阿魏酸酯晶粒的堆积, 其簇晶的结构及大小分布是用于显微鉴别的又一特征结构。 图6https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_8.png<b>图6</b> 新疆阿魏茎节叉部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)重构结果的三切面图<br/>(A) 横向切割图; (B) 冠状面切割图; (C) 子午面切割图。白色实线箭头示节结分叉线, 分布高密度阿魏酸酯晶粒(白色高亮的颗粒分布); 白色虚线箭头示横向纤维束, 呈射线状, 内含纵向微管束; 白色长点箭头示高致密管状木栓纤维束, 内含圆形薄壁细胞群。Bars=150 µm<br/><b>Figure 6</b> Slices of Propagation-based Phase-contrast Com- puted Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of stem bifurcation position of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis<br/></i>(A) Transverse section; (B) Coronary section; (C) Saggital section. White solid arrows denote branch lines with high gray level, composed of oryzanolum crystal; White dash arrows denote transversal fiber bundles, including longitudinal micro-tubes; White long dot arrows denote high dense xylem fiber bundles with circular parenchyma cell group. Bars=150 μm Figure 6https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_8.png<b>图6</b> 新疆阿魏茎节叉部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)重构结果的三切面图<br/>(A) 横向切割图; (B) 冠状面切割图; (C) 子午面切割图。白色实线箭头示节结分叉线, 分布高密度阿魏酸酯晶粒(白色高亮的颗粒分布); 白色虚线箭头示横向纤维束, 呈射线状, 内含纵向微管束; 白色长点箭头示高致密管状木栓纤维束, 内含圆形薄壁细胞群。Bars=150 µm<br/><b>Figure 6</b> Slices of Propagation-based Phase-contrast Com- puted Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of stem bifurcation position of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis<br/></i>(A) Transverse section; (B) Coronary section; (C) Saggital section. White solid arrows denote branch lines with high gray level, composed of oryzanolum crystal; White dash arrows denote transversal fiber bundles, including longitudinal micro-tubes; White long dot arrows denote high dense xylem fiber bundles with circular parenchyma cell group. Bars=150 μm
图6 新疆阿魏茎节叉部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)重构结果的三切面图 (A) 横向切割图; (B) 冠状面切割图; (C) 子午面切割图。白色实线箭头示节结分叉线, 分布高密度阿魏酸酯晶粒(白色高亮的颗粒分布); 白色虚线箭头示横向纤维束, 呈射线状, 内含纵向微管束; 白色长点箭头示高致密管状木栓纤维束, 内含圆形薄壁细胞群。Bars=150 µm Figure 6 Slices of Propagation-based Phase-contrast Com- puted Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of stem bifurcation position of Ferula sinkiangensis (A) Transverse section; (B) Coronary section; (C) Saggital section. White solid arrows denote branch lines with high gray level, composed of oryzanolum crystal; White dash arrows denote transversal fiber bundles, including longitudinal micro-tubes; White long dot arrows denote high dense xylem fiber bundles with circular parenchyma cell group. Bars=150 μm
图7A-C为采用PPCT相位恢复算法和三维重构渲染后的茎节叉部的立体结构和形态原位分布, 用不同伪彩色展示了分叉线、横向射线组织及致密纵向纤维束等立体特征。其中, 图7B和C分别显示不同视角下利用灰度定量分割所得到的致密纤维束的三维结构与特征分布, 为新疆阿魏的三维原位显微鉴定提供了一种有效方法, 而传统的显微CT由于各组分灰度直方图重叠, 无法进行定量分割和提取, 从而无法进行典型植物组织结构的三维特征显示和鉴别。通过与图5的三维体视图进行比较, 可以发现新疆阿魏在节结叉口处的致密纤维束分布密度远高于其它部位, 并且呈现出横向放射状特征, 且内部伴生大量圆形薄壁细胞; 附近的横向导管相对密集, 为阿魏酸酯晶粒形成奠定了环境基础, 尤其以叉口高密线状弯曲分布。 图7https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_9.png<b>图7</b> 新疆阿魏茎节叉部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)三维渲染重构体视图<br/>(A) 不同颜色代表茎节叉部各组分的显微特征体结构(浅蓝色代表植物细胞壁和管径, 深蓝色代表植物导管空腔和孔隙); (B), (C) 基于相位恢复算法的定量提取分叉线(蓝紫色)及横向纤维束(红色)的不同角度三维结构及特征分布。<br/><b>Figure 7</b> 3D-renderings of Propagation-based Phase-con- trast Computed Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of stem bifurcation position of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis<br/></i>(A) Volumetric visualization of the whole sample with different colors (light blue denotes plant cell walls and ducts, dark blue denotes duct cavities and holes); (B), (C) Quantitative segmentation of bifurcation lines (bluish violet color) and transversal xylem fiber bundles (red color) with different views based on phase retrieval algorithm. Figure 7https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_9.png<b>图7</b> 新疆阿魏茎节叉部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)三维渲染重构体视图<br/>(A) 不同颜色代表茎节叉部各组分的显微特征体结构(浅蓝色代表植物细胞壁和管径, 深蓝色代表植物导管空腔和孔隙); (B), (C) 基于相位恢复算法的定量提取分叉线(蓝紫色)及横向纤维束(红色)的不同角度三维结构及特征分布。<br/><b>Figure 7</b> 3D-renderings of Propagation-based Phase-con- trast Computed Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of stem bifurcation position of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis<br/></i>(A) Volumetric visualization of the whole sample with different colors (light blue denotes plant cell walls and ducts, dark blue denotes duct cavities and holes); (B), (C) Quantitative segmentation of bifurcation lines (bluish violet color) and transversal xylem fiber bundles (red color) with different views based on phase retrieval algorithm.
图7 新疆阿魏茎节叉部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)三维渲染重构体视图 (A) 不同颜色代表茎节叉部各组分的显微特征体结构(浅蓝色代表植物细胞壁和管径, 深蓝色代表植物导管空腔和孔隙); (B), (C) 基于相位恢复算法的定量提取分叉线(蓝紫色)及横向纤维束(红色)的不同角度三维结构及特征分布。 Figure 7 3D-renderings of Propagation-based Phase-con- trast Computed Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of stem bifurcation position of Ferula sinkiangensis (A) Volumetric visualization of the whole sample with different colors (light blue denotes plant cell walls and ducts, dark blue denotes duct cavities and holes); (B), (C) Quantitative segmentation of bifurcation lines (bluish violet color) and transversal xylem fiber bundles (red color) with different views based on phase retrieval algorithm.
2.3 种子显微特征种子是中药材中常见的药用部位, 大多数伞形科植物种子的外部形态和气味非常相近, 因此难以辨别、容易混淆, 而其药用功效却迥异, 主要是由于所含的挥发油成分不同。传统的结构鉴定方法在样品切片制备的过程中, 需要经过化学试剂透化处理, 工艺复杂、操作烦琐, 且油细胞结构容易受到破坏。图8A为无需对样品进行任何化学处理的新疆阿魏种子PPCT原位无损的三维显微特征结构体视图, 可从多视角对种子内部显微结构进行数字切割, 从而获得实验样品部位内部的三维显微结构分布, 如胚组织细胞形态、外胚乳组织细胞形态、油管结构形态、淀粉类结构及分布等。其中, 新疆阿魏种子种皮双瓣对称, 扁平状, 厚度约60 µm, 合围中空(图8B), 其间有双油管并行分布, 直径约为40 µm (图8D); 双子叶肥大扁平, 壁厚约80 µm, 内含胚囊及胚芽, 呈椭圆状分布, 长轴方向约200 µm, 另现较大淀粉粒, 直径约150 µm, 为胚胎发育提供足够能量(图8C)。因此, 对于含有挥发油成分种子的中药材而言, 使用基于同步辐射PPCT三维高分辨成像方法具有无损原位探测和无须制备复杂样品的优势, 可以有效克服传统成像方法的不足, 对于药材的鉴定有重要意义。 图8https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_10.png<b>图8</b> 基于相位恢复的新疆阿魏茎种子部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)三维渲染重构体视图(不同颜色代表种子各组分的显微结构特征: 由外及里为种皮、子叶、胚芽、淀粉粒和油管等结构)<br/>(A) 种子顶部横断面图; (B) 种子中部横断面图; (C) 种子内淀粉粒体视图和子叶组织; (D) 种子内油管的三维结构及特征分布<br/><b>Figure 8</b> 3D-renderings of Propagation-based Phase-con- trast Computed Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of seeds of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis</i> (different colors showing the seed coat, cotyledon, embryo, starch grain and pipeline from outside to inside of seed) <br/>(A) Volumetric visualization of the top part of seed sample; (B) The central part of seed sample; (C) 3D visualization of grain starch and cotyledon in seed; (D) 3D visualization and characteristic distribution of oil tubes in seed. Figure 8https://www.chinbullbotany.com/article/2018/1674-3466/1674-3466-53-3-364/img_10.png<b>图8</b> 基于相位恢复的新疆阿魏茎种子部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)三维渲染重构体视图(不同颜色代表种子各组分的显微结构特征: 由外及里为种皮、子叶、胚芽、淀粉粒和油管等结构)<br/>(A) 种子顶部横断面图; (B) 种子中部横断面图; (C) 种子内淀粉粒体视图和子叶组织; (D) 种子内油管的三维结构及特征分布<br/><b>Figure 8</b> 3D-renderings of Propagation-based Phase-con- trast Computed Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of seeds of <i>Ferula sinkiangensis</i> (different colors showing the seed coat, cotyledon, embryo, starch grain and pipeline from outside to inside of seed) <br/>(A) Volumetric visualization of the top part of seed sample; (B) The central part of seed sample; (C) 3D visualization of grain starch and cotyledon in seed; (D) 3D visualization and characteristic distribution of oil tubes in seed.
图8 基于相位恢复的新疆阿魏茎种子部同轴相衬显微CT成像(PPCT)三维渲染重构体视图(不同颜色代表种子各组分的显微结构特征: 由外及里为种皮、子叶、胚芽、淀粉粒和油管等结构) (A) 种子顶部横断面图; (B) 种子中部横断面图; (C) 种子内淀粉粒体视图和子叶组织; (D) 种子内油管的三维结构及特征分布 Figure 8 3D-renderings of Propagation-based Phase-con- trast Computed Tomography (PPCT) reconstructed results of seeds of Ferula sinkiangensis (different colors showing the seed coat, cotyledon, embryo, starch grain and pipeline from outside to inside of seed) (A) Volumetric visualization of the top part of seed sample; (B) The central part of seed sample; (C) 3D visualization of grain starch and cotyledon in seed; (D) 3D visualization and characteristic distribution of oil tubes in seed.
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