Effects and Mechanism of Humic Acid in Humic Acid Enhanced Phosphate Fertilizer on Fertilizer-Phosphorus Migration
JING JianYuan,, YUAN Liang, ZHANG ShuiQin, LI YanTing, ZHAO BingQiang,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
Abstract 【Objective】The difference between HA (raw humic acid) and PHA (humic acid which extracted from humic acid enhanced phosphate fertilizers, HAP) on fertilizer-phosphorus migration, Ca2+ and phosphate adsorption characteristics was systematically compared to provide the theoretical basis for the study on high-efficiency mechanism of humic acid enhanced phosphate fertilizer. 【Method】 In this study, HA, HAP, and conventional phosphate fertilizer were prepared in the laboratory, and PHA was extracted by adjusting the pH of HAP’s solution based on the method of alkali-extraction acid-precipitation. The addition of HA or PHA accounted for 0.5% and 5% of the application amount of phosphate fertilizer, and marked with 0.5HA+P, 0.5PHA+P, 5HA+P, and 5PHA+P, respectively. Only phosphate fertilizer application (P) and no fertilizer application (CK) were arranged at the same time. Then, the effects of HA and PHA applicated with phosphate fertilizer on the migration of fertilizer-phosphorus in soil was investigated. In addition, the adsorption characteristics of HA or PHA on Ca2+ and phosphate were studied to reveal the mechanism that HA and PHA showed different performance on phosphorus migration. 【Result】Both HA and PHA could promote the migration of fertilizer-phosphorus. Phosphorus could migrate to 42 mm vertical distance from the fertilizer layer under the treatment of P. However, when phosphate fertilizers application combined with HA and PHA, it could reach 46 mm and 50 mm away from the fertilizer layer, respectively. This result was due to the fact that HA or PHA had a higher adsorption capacity on soil Ca2+, while the application of HA or PHA reduced phosphorus fixation. The cumulative percentage of soil available P in total P application tended to be stable after 42 mm away from the fertilizer layer, and 0.5 HA+P ≈ 5PHA+P>5HA+P>0.5PHA + P>P. The promotion effect of PHA on fertilizer-phosphorus migration would be enhanced with the addition of PHA increase, while HA was the opposite, which might be related to the stronger mobility and the weaker phosphate adsorption of PHA than that of HA. The adsorption of Ca2+ by HA and PHA was the result of membrane diffusion and intra-particle diffusion. However, the difficulty of Ca2+ diffusion to the surface of PHA particles was lower than that of HA, and the difficulty of Ca2+ diffusion in the interior of PHA particles was higher than that of HA. Langmuir isothermal adsorption model could well fit the isothermal adsorption curves of HA or PHA on Ca2+, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of HA on Ca2+ was higher than that of PHA, but the adsorption of PHA on Ca2+ was mainly chemical adsorption.【Conclusion】Both HA and PHA had certain ability to adsorb Ca2+, so they could promote the migration of fertilizer-phosphorus in the soil. However, the migration distance of fertilizer-phosphorus of PHA was longer than that of HA, when phosphate application was combined with HA or PHA. This might be one reason why PHA could improve the use efficiency of phosphate fertilizer. Keywords:humic acid enhanced phosphate fertilizer;humic acid;fertilizer-phosphorus migration;calcium ion;adsorption
PDF (789KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 景建元, 袁亮, 张水勤, 李燕婷, 赵秉强. 腐殖酸磷肥中的腐殖酸对磷迁移的影响及机理. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(23): 5032-5042 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.23.009 JING JianYuan, YUAN Liang, ZHANG ShuiQin, LI YanTing, ZHAO BingQiang. Effects and Mechanism of Humic Acid in Humic Acid Enhanced Phosphate Fertilizer on Fertilizer-Phosphorus Migration. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(23): 5032-5042 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.23.009
1.2.1 HA与PHA对肥料磷迁移的影响 试验设置单施1.1.3所制磷肥处理(P;施磷量为3 g P2O5·kg-1干土),HA或PHA与磷肥混合处理(施磷量为3 g P2O5·kg-1干土):HA和PHA施用量分别为磷肥施用量的0.5%(代号分别为0.5HA+P、0.5PHA+P)与5%(代号分别为5HA+P、5PHA+P),同时以不施用肥料为对照处理(CK)。试验前将定量的HA和PHA分别与磷肥混合均匀,即为0.5HA+P、0.5PHA+P、5HA+P与5PHA+P处理所用肥料。HA与PHA的施用量主要是考虑到腐殖酸磷肥生产中,腐殖酸的添加量在0.2%—5%之间,对提高磷肥利用率具有良好的作用,因此本研究设置了两个腐殖酸添加量。
含相同小写字母代表各处理间(距施肥层相同垂直距离)无显著差异(P>0.05) Fig. 2Variation of available phosphorus content and cumulative percentage of total available phosphorus in total phosphorus application with increasing vertical distance from fertilizer layer
Means with the same letter in the same vertical distance from the fertilizer layer are not significantly different (P>0.05)
Table 3 表3 表3HA与PHA对Ca2+等温吸附拟合参数 Table 3Isotherm parameters for the adsorption of Ca2+ with HA and PHA
Langmuir等温吸附模型
Freundlich等温吸附模型
qmax (mg·g-1)
b
R2
kF
n
R2
HA
14.84
0.76
0.996
6.06
2.81
0.93
PHA
12.79
0.80
0.989
5.40
2.83
0.97
qmax为最大吸附量,b与kF为吸附平衡常数,n用于评价浓度对吸附量影响的强弱,1<n-1<2时,易于吸附,n-1>2时,难以吸附,R2为相关系数 qmax: Maximum adsorption capacity; b: Adsorption equilibrium constant; kF: Adsorption equilibrium constant; n is used to evaluate the effect of concentration on adsorption capacity, when 1<n-1<2, it is easy to adsorb; when n-1>2, it is difficult to adsorb; R2: Correlation coefficient
腐殖酸配施磷肥可以提高肥料磷在土体中的迁移距离(图2-a)。本研究中,各施磷处理肥料磷均迁移到了距施肥层垂直距离以下42 mm处,HA(普通腐殖酸)和PHA(腐殖酸磷肥中的腐殖酸)配施磷肥,速效磷总量占施磷量的累积百分数高于单施磷肥处理(图2-b),说明磷肥配施HA和PHA均有效促进了肥料磷的迁移,这与很多研究结果相似。如将腐殖酸与磷酸二氢钙配施,磷在肥际微域的迁移距离比单施磷肥提高2 mm [16]。将腐铵、硝基腐铵及氯化腐铵等腐铵类物质与磷肥配施,土壤对磷的固定量降低,肥料磷在土体中的迁移距离提高1—3 cm,其中腐铵与磷肥混合后施用,效果好于腐铵先与土壤混合,再施磷肥[17]。也有研究表明,腐铵与磷肥配施,可以抑制土壤对磷的固定,延缓土壤有效磷无效化过程[30]。李春越等[12]也报道,腐殖酸具有解磷功能,加入腐殖酸可以减少土壤对磷的固定(吸附)并降低固定率。
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