Effects of Straw Interlayer with Different Thickness on Saline-Alkali Soil Temperature, Water Content, and Sunflower Yield in Hetao Irrigation Area
WANG GuoLi,, CHANG FangDi, ZHANG HongYuan, LU Chuang, SONG JiaShen, WANG Jing, PANG HuanCheng, LI YuYi,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
Abstract 【Objective】The effects of different thickness of straw interlayer on soil temperature, water content dynamic change and crop yield of sunflower field in saline-alkali land were studied to provide a basis for selecting reasonable thickness straw interlayer measures suitable for the growth of sunflower in Hetao irrigation area. 【Method】 From 2015 to 2017, 4 straw interlayers of different thicknesses were set up in the typical saline-alkali farmland in the Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, namely CK (no straw interlayers), S3 (straw interlayers with a thickness of 3 cm), S5 (straw interlayers with a thickness of 5 cm), and S7 (straw interlayer with a thickness of 7 cm), to study the effects of different thickness of straw interlayer on the dynamic changes of soil temperature, water content, and sunflower yield during the growth period of sunflower under. 【Result】The straw interlayer treatment (S3, S5 and S7) significantly increased the soil temperature of 0-40 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of sunflower. Among them, compared with CK treatment, the soil temperature in sunflower seedling stage significantly increased by 0.7℃, 0.6℃, and 0.5℃, respectively, from 2015 to 2017 (P<0.05), and the increase in temperature gradually decreased with the increase of straw burying time. There was a significant difference between straw interlayer treatments during flowering period, among which S5 and S7 treatments increased by 0.4℃ and 0.6℃, respectively, compared with CK treatment in average for 3 years (P<0.05); 40-50 cm soil layer straw interlayer treatment showed a trend of increasing temperature in seedling and bud stage of sunflower, and showed a cooling trend in the later growth period. Under different treatments, the soil temperature during the whole growth period of sunflower decreased as the soil layer deepens, and there was a very significant positive correlation between soil temperature and atmospheric temperature. The distribution range of R2 value in three years was 0.628-0.735. Straw interlayer treatments enhanced the sensitivity of soil temperature to atmospheric temperature, and the response of soil temperature to atmospheric temperature decreases with the increase of straw burying time. The interaction between different straw interlayer treatments and different irrigation periods also had significant effects on soil water content (P<0.05). Straw interlayer treatment could reduce the average soil water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer before irrigation and after harvest. Among them, the S7 treatment had the largest reduction, and the three-year average decreased by 7.9% and 5.4% (P<0.05), compared with the CK treatment; after irrigation, the average soil water content of S3, S5 and S7 treatments increased by 2.3%, 3.4%, and 3.6%, respectively, compared with CK treatment for 3 years (P<0.05). The straw interlayer treatment could promote the growth of sunflower and increase the yield of sunflower, and improve irrigation water productivity and water use efficiency, among which 5 and 7 cm thick straw interlayer treatments increased the most and had the largest increase, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】Straw interlayers of different thicknesses could increase the soil temperature in the 0-40 cm soil layer during the growth period of sunflower, and the increase of temperature decreased with the increase of the straw burying time. The difference between different treatments was significant during the flowering stage. In addition, the straw interlayer treatment could improve the average soil water content of 0-40 cm soil after irrigation, and provide a suitable growth environment for sunflower. Considering soil temperature and crop water use efficiency, straw separation with thickness of 5 cm is the most suitable for promotion and application in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia. Keywords:Hetao irrigation area;saline-alkali land;sunflower;straw interlayer;soil temperature;soil water content
PDF (588KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 王国丽, 常芳弟, 张宏媛, 卢闯, 宋佳珅, 王婧, 逄焕成, 李玉义. 不同厚度秸秆隔层对河套灌区盐碱土壤温度、水分和食葵产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(19): 4155-4168 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.011 WANG GuoLi, CHANG FangDi, ZHANG HongYuan, LU Chuang, SONG JiaShen, WANG Jing, PANG HuanCheng, LI YuYi. Effects of Straw Interlayer with Different Thickness on Saline-Alkali Soil Temperature, Water Content, and Sunflower Yield in Hetao Irrigation Area. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4155-4168 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.011
MP代表降雨量,AT代表气温 Fig. 1Distribution of temperature and rainfall in the experimental area from 2015 to 2017
MP represents rainfall, and AT represents temperature
1.2 试验设计
试验在面积为3.24 m2(1.8 m×1.8 m)的田间微区进行。于2015年6月埋设秸秆,先用铁锹按 0—20 cm 和 20—40 cm 层次将土壤取出,然后把约 5 cm 长的玉米秸秆(叶秆混合)均匀铺设在地表下40 cm 处,最后将土壤按原层次回填。秸秆隔层处理一次性铺设完成,此后不再进行操作。
CK:无秸秆隔层;S3:厚度3 cm秸秆隔层;S5:厚度5 cm秸秆隔层;S7:厚度7 cm秸秆隔层。图中数值为探头温度加权平均值。下同 图2-a表示的是食葵全生育期0—30 cm土层温度,图2-b表示的是各处理下0—30 cm土层温度有差异的部分。下同 Fig. 2Variation of soil temperature and significant difference in 0-30 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of sunflower from 2015 to 2017
CK: With no straw interlayer; S3: Straw interlayer with a thickness of 3 cm; S5: Sraw interlayer with a thickness of 5 cm; S7: Straw interlayer with a thickness of 7 cm. The value in the figure is the weighted average temperature of the probe. The same as below Figure 2-a shows the temperature of 0-30 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of sunflower, and Figure 2-b shows the part of temperature difference in 0-30 cm soil layer under different treatments. The same as below
Table 1 表1 表12015—2017年食葵各生育时期0—40 cm土层温度 Table 1Soil temperature of 0-40 cm soil layer in each growth period of sunflower from 2015 to 2017
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
苗期土壤温度 Soil temperature in seedling stage (℃)
蕾期土壤温度 Soil temperature in bud stage (℃)
花期土壤温度 Soil temperature in flowering stage (℃)
成熟期土壤温度 Soil temperature in maturity stage (℃)
2015
CK
25.1±0.35b
26.4±0.23b
23.4±0.18c
20.5±0.19a
S3
25.6±0.27a
26.8±0.39ab
23.5±0.12b
20.7±0.29a
S5
25.8±0.20a
27.0±0.33ab
23.8±0.13b
20.5±0.29a
S7
25.9±0.26a
27.2±0.21a
24.2±0.19a
20.8±0.23a
2016
CK
17.3±0.31b
22.6±0.28b
22.7±0.25b
20.5±0.19b
S3
17.7±0.27ab
22.9±0.24ab
22.7±0.19b
20.7±0.29ab
S5
17.9±0.19a
23.1±0.31a
23.2±0.25a
20.9±0.34ab
S7
18.0±0.30a
23.3±0.35a
23.3±0.21a
21.1±0.31a
2017
CK
23.0±0.25b
25.3±0.31b
23.8±0.18b
20.4±0.32a
S3
23.4±0.19ab
25.4±0.24b
23.8±0.25b
20.5±0.27a
S5
23.5±0.22a
25.8±0.28ab
24.1±0.24ab
20.5±0.30a
S7
23.6±0.31a
26.0±0.20a
24.3±0.22a
20.9±0.25a
CK:无秸秆隔层;S3:厚度3 cm秸秆隔层;S5:厚度5 cm秸秆隔层;S7:厚度7 cm秸秆隔层。表中不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同 CK: With no straw interlayer; S3: Straw interlayer with a thickness of 3 cm; S5: Straw interlayer with a thickness of 5 cm; S7: Straw interlayer with a thickness of 7 cm. Different letters meant significant differences at 0.05 level between different treatments. The same as below
Table 2 表2 表2土壤温度(y)与大气温度(x)的回归关系 Table 2Regression relationship between soil temperature (y) and atmospheric temperature (x)
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
回归方程 Regression equation
R2
2015
CK
y= 0.817x+7.095
0.711**
S3
y=0.846x+6.801
0.728**
S5
y=0.875x+6.386
0.727**
S7
y=0.856x+7.004
0.710**
2016
CK
y=0.646x+7.181
0.718**
S3
y=0.632x+7.730
0.721**
S5
y=0.666x+7.276
0.733**
S7
y=0.678x+7.171
0.735**
2017
CK
y=0.580x+10.234
0.637**
S3
y=0.579x+10.402
0.628**
S5
y=0.616x+9.776
0.642**
S7
y= 0.600x+10.388
0.654**
**表示在P<0.01水平上显著相关。气温数据采用试验基地自动气象站观测值 ** Indicates a significant correlation at P<0.01. The air temperature data were obtained from weather station of the experimental base
Table 3 表3 表32015—2017年食葵关键时期0—40 cm土层平均土壤含水量 Table 3The average soil water content of 0—40 cm soil layer during the key period of sunflower from 2015 to 2017
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