Variation of Available Phosphorus in Purple Soil and Its Effects on Crop Yield of Rice-Wheat Rotation Under Long-Term Fertilizations
REN JiaXin,1, LIU Jing1, CHEN XuanJing1, ZHANG YueQiang1,2, ZHANG Yong1,2, WANG Jie,1,2,*, SHI XiaoJun1,21College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716 2National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Chongqing 400716
Abstract 【Objective】Based on the analyses of soil Olsen-P variation in the purple soil and its effects on crop yield under long-term different fertilizations in the rice-wheat rotation, this paper provided a theoretical basis for efficient and rational P management in purple soil. 【Method】This study were conducted based on the 27-year rice-wheat rotation trial platform in the Purple Soil Fertility Monitoring Station of the national soil fertility monitoring network. The soil Olsen-P content and crop yields of 10 different fertilization treatments were measured and compared, including CK treatment (crops growing without fertilization), N, NP, NK, PK, NPK (treatments with different chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizations), and M, NPKS, NPKM, 1.5NPK+M (chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (M) and straw return (S) treatments) from 1991 to 2018. Then, the plant P uptake per 100 kg grains yield and the recovery rate of P by different fertilizations were calculated and compared, respectively. The responses between soil Olsen-P increment and cumulative P depletion were explored. In addition, the response curve of crop yield to soil Olsen-P content in the purple soil was figured by different modelling methods. The agronomic critical value of Olsen-P content in purple soil was finally calculated. 【Result】Long-term application of P fertilizer could significantly increase soil Olsen-P content. The average annual increment of soil Olsen-P content was 0.80-2.32 mg·kg-1 in P application treatments, whereas the soil Olsen-P content of CK, N, NK and M treatments decreased year by year to a steady state. The cumulative P surpluses by the 27-year P application treatments were 244.8-698.2 kg P·hm-2, among which the cumulative P surplus of the 1.5NPK+M treatment was the highest. A significant linear correlation between cumulative soil P surplus and soil Olsen-P increment could be found in P application treatments. In detail, soil Olsen-P increased by 4.27-6.5 mg·kg-1with 100 kg·P·hm-2 cumulative surplus in P application treatments. Fertilization could significantly increase crop yields and P uptake in the long-term rice-wheat rotation system. The plant P uptake per 100 kg rice yield was 0.17-0.41 kg, whereas the plant P uptake per 100 kg wheat yield was 0.25-0.57 kg. The utilization rates of P under all treatments were 10.3%-39.7%. Four models (linear-platform model, linear-linear model, BoxLucas model, and Michelice model) were good for fitting the response of crop yield to Olsen-P content in purple soil. The agronomic critical value of Olsen-P content in purple soil of rice and wheat calculated by linear-linear model (with the highest R2) were 13.28 mg·kg-1 and 9.93 mg·kg-1, respectively. 【Conclusion】Appropriate application of P fertilizer could significantly improve the P uptake of crop in rice-wheat rotation system on purple soil, crop yields and soil available P content. The linear-linear model was recommended to calculate the critical value of Olsen-P content in purple soil under rice-wheat rotation system. Application rates of P fertilizer should be adjusted timely according to the difference between actual soil Olsen-P content and agronomic critical value of Olsen-P content in productivity. Keywords:purple soil;rice-wheat rotation;long-term fertilization;Olsen-P content;total P balance;agronomic critical value of Olsen-P
PDF (522KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 任嘉欣, 刘京, 陈轩敬, 张跃强, 张勇, 王洁, 石孝均. 长期施肥紫色土有效磷变化及其对稻麦轮作产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(21): 4601-4610 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.21.010 REN JiaXin, LIU Jing, CHEN XuanJing, ZHANG YueQiang, ZHANG Yong, WANG Jie, SHI XiaoJun. Variation of Available Phosphorus in Purple Soil and Its Effects on Crop Yield of Rice-Wheat Rotation Under Long-Term Fertilizations. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4601-4610 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.21.010
试验各处理按上述设计进行施肥,1991—1996年每季的化肥施用量是:氮肥150 kg N·hm-2、磷肥75 kg P2O5·hm-2、钾肥75 kg K2O·hm-2。从1996年的秋季起,每季磷、钾肥施用量由原来的75 kg·hm-2变为60 kg·hm-2,小麦的氮肥施用量改为135 kg·hm-2,其余施肥量保持不变。M、1.5NPK+M处理的有机肥由厩肥变为稻草。有机肥于每年秋季小麦播种前作为基肥施用,每年施用一次,年用量为厩肥22.5 t·hm-2、稻草7.5 t·hm-2。水稻和小麦的全部磷、钾肥和60%的氮肥作为基肥施用,水稻40%的氮肥在插秧后2—3周追施,小麦40%的氮肥则于3—4叶期追施。
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