Effect of the Mechanical Harvesting Methods on the Key Traits of Rapeseed
BAI ChenYang,1, HE HanZi1, JIA CaiHua2, LI XiaoHua1, REN YiLin3, YE Jun4, WANG Bo1, KUAI jie,1, ZHOU GuangSheng11College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070 2College of food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 3College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 4Hubei Provincial Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Station, Wuhan 430070
Abstract 【Objective】Harvesting is one of the key links in rapeseed production, which affects the yield and quality. In this experiment, artificially simulated combined harvesting and two-stage harvesting were used and analyzed the impacts on key traits of rapeseeds. This study provides a basis for the selection of mechanical harvesting methods and the determination of supporting parameters.【Method】Two middle-ripening rapeseed varieties with different oil content were selected, and different harvesting periods were used. For combined harvesting the period is 20-44 d in Huanggang and 23-47 d in Xiangyang, and the two-stage harvesting is practiced on different time 20, 26, and 32 d in Huanggang while, 23, 29, 35 d in Xiangyang, after final flowering, whereas 3, 6, 9, and 12 d post-ripening, in Huanggang and Xiangyang, Hubei. Furthermore, key indicators such as1000-grain weight, water content, quality, etc were measured and analyzed. 【Result】The two pilots and two varieties of the combined harvesting reached the physiological maturity about 38 days after final flowering, the required accumulated temperature was about 1 100℃, and the thousand-grain weight and oil content were the largest. Approximately 46 days after the final flowering, the seed moisture and chlorophyll content rapidly decreased to the optimum point, which is a suitable period for mechanized combined harvesting. Moreover, reduction in seed moisture content is highly significantly positively correlated with daily average temperature and atmospheric pressure, while decreased chlorophyll content is highly significantly positively correlated with daily average temperature, but significantly negatively correlated with rainfall. Under D3 (about 33 d after final flowering), the highest average content of 1000-grain weight, oil contents, rate of oil yield, uniformity and oleic acid, and the lowest average content of chlorophyll, linoleic acid and moisture under the two-stage harvest while comparing D3 with D1 and D2, Our study showed that the number of days of post-ripening has no significant effect on the oil content, oil yield, thousand-grain weight, uniformity, oleic acid, and linoleic acid content, but the moisture content rapidly decreased to the optimum point after 6-9 days, which is a suitable time for picking and threshing. The seed moisture content decreased and significantly positively correlated with solar radiation but highly significantly negatively correlated with rainfall. 【Conclusion】During the period of final flowering to the harvesting, the average daily temperature is 19-22℃, the rainfall is 1.0-3.5 mm, and the atmospheric-pressure is 1.45-1.75 kPa. However, under prevailing climatic conditions, the combined harvesting is done on approximately 46th day after final flowering (which is about 8 days after physiological maturity) and the two-staged harvesting is used to cut down on about 33rd day after the final flowering (which is about 5 days before the physiological maturity), then post-ripening practice is carried out (average relative humidity is 64%-80%, the rainfall is 0.7-3.1 mm, and the solar radiation is 10-13 MJ·m-2), to picked the harvested crop after 6-9 days of two-stage harvesting. Under this condition, the moisture content of seed can be reduced to about 15%, and the chlorophyll content can be reduced to below 10 mg·kg-1. There was no significant difference between the two harvesting methods in terms of 1000-grain weight, oil content, rate of oil yield and seed uniformity, however, the oleic acid and linoleic acid contents of seed were higher, seed and oil quality were better in two-stage harvesting as compared with the combined harvesting. Keywords:rapeseed;combined harvesting;two-stage harvesting;key traits of seed
PDF (607KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 白晨阳, 何菡子, 贾才华, 李晓华, 任奕林, 叶俊, 汪波, 蒯婕, 周广生. 机械收获方式对油菜籽粒关键性状的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(14): 2991-3003 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.14.006 BAI ChenYang, HE HanZi, JIA CaiHua, LI XiaoHua, REN YiLin, YE Jun, WANG Bo, KUAI jie, ZHOU GuangSheng. Effect of the Mechanical Harvesting Methods on the Key Traits of Rapeseed[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(14): 2991-3003 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.14.006
不同字母表示P<0.05水平上差异性显著。A:联合收获方式;B:分段收获方式。下同 Fig. 2Variation of seed’s 1000-grain weight, moisture content and oil content in different harvest methods
Different letters indicate significant differences at theP<0.05 level. A: Combined harvesting method; B: Two-stage harvesting method. The same as below
Table 2 表2 表2籽粒含水量及叶绿素含量下降幅度与气象数据相关性 Table 2Correlation analysis of the decrease of moisture content, chlorophyll content and meteorological data
收获方式 Harvest methods
日均温 Daily temperature (℃)
大气压 Atmospheric-pressure (kPa)
相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)
降雨量 Precipitation (mm)
太阳辐射量 Solar radiation (MJ·m-2)
含水量 Moisture content
联合收获 Combine harvest
0.560**
0.462**
-0.016
-0.261
-0.134
分段收获 Two-stage harvest
0.194
-0.215
-0.400**
-0.467**
0.485**
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content
联合收获 Combine harvest
0.473**
0.312
-0.081
-0.360*
0.159
分段收获 Two-stage harvest
-0.021
-0.009
-0.030
-0.209
0.048
*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01。由于表中含水量及叶绿素含量下降幅度指每3天含水量的变化,所有气象数据为3 d内各气象因子的总和 * Significant difference atP<0.05. ** Significant difference atP<0.01. Because the moisture content and chlorophyll content declines in the table refers to the change of moisture content every 3 days, all the meteorological data are the sum of the three days
Table 3 表3 表3联合收获机械化收获最适点与分段收获最适点比较 Table 3Comparison of the optimal point of combined harvesting and two-stage harvesting
籽粒关键指标 The key traits of rapeseed
地点Site
华油杂62 HZ62
中双11 ZS11
CK
D3L6
D3L9
CK
D3L6
D3L9
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
黄冈HG
3.48a
3.36a
3.38a
3.64b
3.87a
3.83a
襄阳XY
3.37a
3.34a
3.38a
4.13a
3.85b
3.85b
含油量 Oil content (%)
黄冈HG
41.06a
40.05a
40.59a
48.72a
47.93a
48.30a
襄阳XY
41.47a
40.63a
41.04a
46.06a
45.50a
45.78a
整齐度 Uniformity
黄冈HG
0.18b
0.20a
0.20a
0.16a
0.14c
0.15b
襄阳XY
0.17a
0.18a
0.18a
0.15a
0.16a
0.16a
油酸含量 Oleic acid content (%)
黄冈HG
54.14a
57.11a
55.36a
54.15b
57.92a
58.47a
襄阳XY
55.84a
55.12a
56.35a
56.77b
58.11a
58.80a
亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid content (%)
黄冈HG
18.53b
19.56a
19.59a
13.58b
16.89a
16.17a
襄阳XY
21.09a
21.38a
21.36a
18.12b
19.39a
19.59a
叶绿含量 Chlorophyll content (mg·kg-1)
黄冈HG
0.44b
3.56a
1.27ab
0.37a
0.31a
0.22a
襄阳XY
0.41b
1.94a
1.19ab
0.94a
1.49a
1.44a
出油率 Rate of oil yield (%)
黄冈HG
31.65a
28.66a
29.81a
38.02a
38.22a
38.99a
襄阳XY
34.04a
33.15a
33.66a
38.82a
36.37b
39.02a
不同字母表示P<0.05水平上差异性显著。表中黄冈试点的CK指终花后44 d所取样品;襄阳试点的CK指终花后47 d所取样品 Different letters indicate significant differences at the P<0.05 level. The CK refers to the sample taken 44 days after the final flower in Huanggang; The CK refers to the sample taken 47 days after the flowers in Xiangyang
TU AF, WU CY, LUY. Harvesting management of rapeseed in Canada (section and combined harvesting) (1) Agricultural Equipment Technology, 2010, 36(1):30-33. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 2]
TU AF, WU CY, LUY. Harvest management of rapeseed in Canada (section and combined harvesting) (2) Agricultural Equipment Technology, 2010, 36(2):49-51. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 2]
LUO HF, TANG CZ, GUAN CY, WU ML. Research progress on mechanized harvesting of rapeseed Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2015, 37(1):1-8. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
QIN SC. Analysis of factors affecting the development of rape mechanization technology and research on its promotion strategy [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2015. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
SHI ZX, WU ML, YANG WM, SHEN YF, WANG XS, HEJ, WANG JY. Research status and development measures of rape segment harvester in China , 2015, 5(5):1-4. [本文引用: 1]
WU CY, XIAO SY, JINM. Comparison of combined harvesting and two-staged harvesting of rapeseed Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(17):10-16. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ZUO QS, HUANG HD, CAOS, YANG SF, LIAO QX, LENG SH, WU JS, ZHOU GS. Effects of different harvesting periods on mechanical harvesting loss rate and grain quality of rapeseed Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(4):650-656. (in Chinese) DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00650URL [本文引用: 3]
WU CY, XIAO SY, JINM. Comparation on rape combine harvesting and two-stage harvesting , 2014, 30(17):10-16. [本文引用: 1]
YI SL, LIANGY, DAI LT, CHENL, CHAI YR, LI JN. Effects of high temperature on related characteristics of rape seed rape post- ripening Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 30(2):48-50. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ISTA. Chapter 9: Determination of moisture content. International Rules for Seed Testing. Baaserdorf, Switzerland , 2017. [本文引用: 1]
WARD KA, SCARTHR, DAUNJ, THORSTEINSON CT. A comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry to measure chlorophyll in canola seed and oil , 1994, 71(9):931-934. DOI:10.1007/BF02542256URL [本文引用: 1]
XU QC, ZHOUY. Consideration on accelerating the development of rape harvesting mechanization , 2008, 18(2):54-56. [本文引用: 1]
WU CY, YI ZY. Selection of technology route of oilseed rape mechanization in entire production proceeding in China , 2009, 3(2):3-6. [本文引用: 1]
ALANÖ, ESERB. The effect of fruit maturity and post-harvest ripening on seed quality in hot and conic pepper cultivars , 2008, 36(2):467-474. DOI:10.15258/sstURL [本文引用: 1]
ALOHO KP, JOHNSON OA. The effects of leaf colour at fruit harvest and fruit after-ripening duration on (Cucumeropsis manniiNaudin.) seed quality , 2013, 3(2):190-200. [本文引用: 1]
NORTONG, HARRIS JF. Compositional changes in developing rape seed (Brassica napus L.) , 1975, 123(2):163-174. DOI:10.1007/BF00383865URL [本文引用: 1]
NIF, LIU JH, ZHANGJ, KHAM MN, LUOT, XU ZH, HU LY. Effect of soluble sugar content in silique wall on seed oil accumulation during the seed-filling stage inBrassica napus , 2018, 69(12):1251-1263. DOI:10.1071/CP17392URL [本文引用: 1]
SUN SR, CHEN YL, ZHAN XM, ZENGK, LIY. The effect of different fruit age and post-ripening period on the quality index of squash seed , 2004, 19(4):29-32. [本文引用: 1]
BLAY ET, DANQUAH EY, ABABUA. Effect of time of harvest, stage of fruit ripening, and post-harvest ripening on seed yield and germinability of local garden egg (Solanum gilo Radii) , 1999, 32(2):159-167. [本文引用: 1]
AARONF, RUTHIEA, HADARL, ITZHAKO, EWA UW, ALISDAIR RF, GADG. Arabidopsis seed development and germination is associated with temporally distinct metabolic switches , 2006, 142:839-854. [本文引用: 1]
LUY, WU CY, JIN CQ, TU AF. Choice of mechanized harvesting methods for rape Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2008(11):240-242, 245. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HUQ, HUAW, YINY, ZHANG XK, LIU LJ, SHI JQ, ZHAO YG, QINL, CHENC. Rapeseed research and production in China , 2017, 5(2):35-43. [本文引用: 1]
ZHANGM, WU CY, JINM, MU SL, LIANG SN, TANGQ. Effects of harvesting method and date on yield loss and seed quality of rapeseed , 2019, 4(3):166-174. [本文引用: 1]
SINGHB, LINVILL DE. Field drying of navy beans in the harvesting period , 1977, 20(2):228-231. DOI:10.13031/2013.35530URL [本文引用: 1]
SAMARAH NH, MULLEN RE, ALQUDAH AM. An index to quantify the relationship of seed moisture loss rate to seed desiccation tolerance in common vetch , 2008, 30(1):94. [本文引用: 1]
HUA SJ, CHEN ZH, ZHANG YF, YU HS, LIN BG, ZHANG DQ. Chlorophyll and carbohydrate metabolism in developing silique and seed are prerequisite to seed oil content of Brassica napusL , 2014, 55(1):34. DOI:10.1186/1999-3110-55-34URL [本文引用: 1]
APARICIO-RUIZRMINGUZE-MOSQUERAO MIGANDUL- ROJASB. Thermal degradation kinetics of chlorophyll pigments in virgin olive oils: 1. Compounds of series A , 2010, 58(10):6200-6208. DOI:10.1021/jf9043937URL [本文引用: 1]
NAKAJIMAS, ITOH, TANAKAR, TANAKAA. Chlorophyll b reductase plays an essential role in maturation and storability ofArabidopsis seeds , 2012, 160(1):261-273. DOI:10.1104/pp.112.196881URL [本文引用: 1]
CANADIAN GRAIN COMMISSION. Quality of western Canadian Canola 2018. http://www.grainscanada.gc.ca/oggg-gocg/ggg-gcg-eng.htm. URL [本文引用: 1]
SONGY, YANG CG, GAOS, ZHANGW, LIL, KUAI BK. Age-triggered and dark-induced leaf senescence require the bHLH transcription factors PIF3, 4, and 5 , 2014, 7(12):1776-1787. DOI:10.1093/mp/ssu109URL [本文引用: 1]
YANGS, ZENGX, LIT, LIUM, ZHANG SC, GAO SJ, WANG YQ, PENG CL, LIL, YANG CW. AtACDO1, an ABC1-like kinase gene, is involved in chlorophyll degradation and the response to photooxidative stress in Arabidopsis , 2012, 63(10):3959-3973. DOI:10.1093/jxb/ers072URL [本文引用: 1]
ROSENVASSERS, MAYAKS, FRIEDMANH. Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in senescence-associated gene transcript (SAG) levels during dark-induced senescence of Pelargonium cuttings, and the effect of gibberellicacid , 2006, 170(4):873-879. DOI:10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.12.010URL [本文引用: 2]
SEOL YB, KIMJ, PARK SH, CHANG HY. Atmospheric pressure pulsed plasma induces cell death in photosynthetic organs via intracellularly generated ROS , 2017, 7(1):589. DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-00480-6URL [本文引用: 1]
BAUDS, BOUTIN JP, MIQUELM, LEPINIECL, ROCHATC. An integrated overview of seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype WS , 2002, 40(2):151-160. [本文引用: 1]
FOFANAB, CLOUTIERS, DUGUIDS, CHINGJ, RAMPITSCHC. Gene expression of stearoyl-ACP desaturase and Δ12 fatty acid desaturase 2 is modulated during seed development of flax ( Linum usitatissimum) , 2006, 41(7):705-712. DOI:10.1007/s11745-006-5021-xURL [本文引用: 1]
KLINKENBERGJ, FAISTH, SAUPES, LAMBERTSS, KRISCHKEM, STINGLN, FEKETEA, MUELLER MJ, FEUSSNERI, HEDRICHR, DEEKENR. Two fatty acid desaturases, SAD6 and FAD3, are involved in drought and hypoxia stress signaling in Arabidopsis crown galls , 2013, 164(2):570-583. DOI:10.1104/pp.113.230326URL [本文引用: 1]
YUAN SW, WU XL, LIU ZH, LUO HB, HUANG RZ. Abiotic stresses and phytohormones regulate expression of FAD2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana , 2012(1):62-72. [本文引用: 1]
VARTAPETIAN BB, MAZLIAKP, LANCEC. Lipid biosynthesis in rice coleoptiles grown in the presence or in the absence of oxygen , 1978, 13(4):321-328. DOI:10.1016/0304-4211(78)90209-2URL [本文引用: 1]