Response of Water Use and Yield of Dryland Winter Wheat to Nitrogen Application Under Different Rainfall Patterns
LIU PengZhao,, ZHOU Dong, GUO XingYu, YU Qi, ZHANG YuanHong, LI HaoYu, ZHANG Qi, WANG XuMin, WANG XiaoLi, WANG Rui, LI Jun,College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
Abstract 【Objective】Rainfall and nitrogen application are the main factors affecting winter wheat production in Weibei dryland, especially the interannual variability of rainfall is large. Therefore, their yield-increasing effects are significantly affected by the type of rainfall year. In this study, the effects of nitrogen rates on water use, grain yield and protein content in dryland wheat field under different rainfall patterns were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for “nitrogen applying according to rain” and ensuring stable yield and high quality of winter wheat in Weibei Dryland.【Method】A 3-year field experiment (2017-2020) of winter wheat (Jinmai 47) was performed with different nitrogen fertilization at five levels (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg·hm-2, represented as N0, N60, N120, N180, and N240, respectively) in Heyang County, located in Weibei dryland of Shaanxi, and the effects of nitrogen application under different rainfall patterns on soil water dynamics, water use efficiency (WUE), wheat yield performance and grain protein content were evaluated. 【Result】Different rainfall patterns had significant impacts on soil water storage before sowing (SWSS), soil water content during growth period, ET, WUE, yield and protein content of winter wheat. (1) There was a linear correlation between rainfall in fallow period (from July to September) and SWSS, with an increment of 0.9 mm SWSS per 1 mm rainfall. In the humid and normal years with adequate rainfall during fallow stage, the SWSs in present winter wheat growth season was not significantly influenced by the increase of nitrogen fertilization in previous growth season. However, in the dry year with less rainfall in fallow stage, the SWSS in present winter wheat growth season decreased significantly by 15.4 mm when nitrogen fertilization in previous growth season was increased by each 100 kg·hm-2. Compared with dry and normal year, the soil water content of 0-200 cm soil layer during growth period of winter wheat could be increased in humid rainfall year, thus evapotranspiration (ET) was increased by 35.7% and 6.6%, respectively. The soil water accumulation of 0-120 cm soil depth during the growth period fluctuated greatly under the influence of rainfall and the growth of winter wheat. However, the soil water content in 160-200 cm deep soil depth showed a stable change trend. Compared with dry and normal year, the WUE in humid pattern was increased by 55.7% and 26.5%, the grain yield was increased by 112.3% and 39.1%, and protein content (PC) was decreased by 8.3% and 5.2%, respectively. (2) Compared with N0 treatment, soil water content in 0-200 cm soil depth was decreased by nitrogen applied during each growth period under humid, dry and normal years. The nitrogen fertilizer application increased ET by 4.6%-14.6%, 6.0%-8.6% and 2.2%-9.5%, increased WUE by 20.7%-39.8%, 4.7%-33.3%, 13.1%-35.4%, increased yield by 7.1%-28.1%, 1.5%-34.1%, 8.5%-28.9%, and increased PC by 5.6%-10.4%, 10.1%-17.7% and 8.5%-15.6%, respectively. (3) The effects of nitrogen rates on grain yield and protein yield followed a quadratic curve relationship, and the fitting equation showed that the optimal nitrogen application rates for stable yield and quality of winter wheat were 189-202, 116-124 and 161-174 kg·hm-2 in humid, dry and normal years, respectively. 【Conclusion】On the whole, the best nitrogen application schemes were 189-202, 116-124 and 161-174 kg·hm-2 in humid, dry and normal years, respectively. And the management model of “nitrogen applying according to rain” was adopted, which was “the amount of basic nitrogen fertilizer was determined by SWSs, while the top dressing of nitrogen fertilizer was determined by rainfall from sowing to jointing stage”. The model could not only meet the requirements of stable yield and high quality of winter wheat, but also ensure water high-efficient use. Keywords:dryland wheat;rainfall patterns;nitrogen fertilizer;water use;yield
PDF (698KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 刘朋召, 周栋, 郭星宇, 于琦, 张元红, 李昊昱, 张琦, 王旭敏, 王小利, 王瑞, 李军. 不同降雨年型旱地冬小麦水分利用及产量对施氮量的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(14): 3065-3076 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.14.012 LIU PengZhao, ZHOU Dong, GUO XingYu, YU Qi, ZHANG YuanHong, LI HaoYu, ZHANG Qi, WANG XuMin, WANG XiaoLi, WANG Rui, LI Jun. Response of Water Use and Yield of Dryland Winter Wheat to Nitrogen Application Under Different Rainfall Patterns[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(14): 3065-3076 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.14.012
SS: 播种期 Sowing stage; WS: 越冬期Wintering stage; ES: 拔节期Elongation stage; AS: 开花期Anthesis stage; MS: 成熟期Maturity stage Fig. 2Effects of N treatments on soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer at different growth stages of winter wheat under different rainfall patterns
不同降雨年型下冬小麦生育期0—200 cm土层土壤蓄水量均随生育进程呈现逐渐降低趋势,丰水年、欠水年和平水年冬小麦生育期0—200 cm 土层平均土壤蓄水量分别降低156.4、93.2和169.7 mm。无论何种降雨年型,不同施氮处理下0—200 cm土层土壤蓄水量随生育进程而逐渐降低,且成熟期各施氮处理0—200 cm土层土壤蓄水量均低于N0。其中丰水年以N240处理土壤水分消耗量最多;欠水年以N120处理土壤水分消耗量最多;在平水年以N180和N240处理土壤水分消耗量最多,且两处理间无显著差异。
ES: 拔节期Elongation stage; AS: 开花期Anthesis stage; MS: 成熟期Maturity stage Fig. 3Dynamics of soil water content in 0-200 cm soil layer at different growth stages of winter wheat under different rainfall patterns
Table 1 表1 表1不同降雨年型施氮量对旱地冬小麦耗水量和水分利用效率的影响 Table 1Effects of N treatments on water use efficiency and evapotranspiration of dryland winter wheat under different rainfall patterns
处理 N treatment
耗水量Evapotranspiration, ET (mm)
水分利用效率Water use efficiency (kg·hm-2·mm-1)
丰水年 Humid year (2017—2018)
欠水年 Dry year (2018—2019)
平水年 Normal year (2019—2020)
丰水年 Humid year (2017—2018)
欠水年 Dry year (2018—2019)
平水年 Normal year (2019—2020)
N0
285.9±6.2d
213.0±5.6c
277.3±7.5d
12.1±0.7d
8.5±0.7c
9.9±0.4c
N60
299.0±5.9c
225.7±1.8b
285.3±5.5c
14.6±1.2c
10.9±0.8b
11.2±0.8b
N120
311.8±6.3b
230.3±5.7a
283.5±3.4c
16.3±0.9b
11.2±1.2a
13.1±0.6a
N180
310.1±5.4b
231.4±8.3a
290.3±9.2b
16.9±0.3a
9.5±1.4b
13.4±0.5a
N240
327.6±9.6a
230.2±7.2a
303.5±4.4a
16.1±0.2b
8.2±0.5c
12.5±1.3b
F-value
施氮Nitrogen (N)
54.8**
59.2**
年型Year (Y)
1234***
387.8***
施氮×年型N×Y
4.6*
14.7**
N0: 0; N60: 60 kg·hm-2; N120: 120 kg·hm-2; N180: 180 kg·hm-2; N240: 240 kg·hm-2. 同列不同字母代表不同施氮处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同 Different letters in the same column indicated significant difference among N treatments at 0.05 level. The same as below
Table 2 表2 表2不同降雨年型施氮量对旱地冬小麦产量及其构成和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响 Table 2Effects of N treatments on grain yield and its components, protein content of dryland winter wheat under different rainfall patterns
降雨年型 Rainfall pattern
处理 N treatment
穗粒数 GNS
穗数 SN (×104·hm-2)
千粒重 TGW (g)
籽粒产量 GY (kg·hm-2)
蛋白质含量 PC (%)
蛋白质产量 PY (kg·hm-2)
丰水年 Humid year (2017—2018)
N0
25.4±0.9c
477.3±21.7b
39.4±0.6c
4077±151c
12.5±0.3c
508±25d
N60
26.8±0.8c
503.0±25.5b
39.8±0.8c
4365±234c
13.2±0.3b
578±31c
N120
31.0±2.8b
512.7±38.8b
39.5±0.2c
5067±111a
13.4±0.2b
678±22b
N180
34.8±0.3a
537.4±16.7a
41.4±0.6a
5229±189a
13.8±0.3a
724±34a
N240
29.2±0.4b
544.9±14.7a
41.6± 0.2a
4959±235b
13.7±0.2a
679±24b
欠水年 Dry year (2018—2019)
N0
18.9±0.9c
308.6±24.2b
28.6± 0.6b
1927±85c
13.0±0.4c
250±34c
N60
21.9±0.8c
344.2±31.2a
31.3± 1.8a
2459±72a
14.9±0.6a
366±21b
N120
25.5±2.8a
357.5±21.6a
30.5± 0.2a
2584±68a
15.3±0.2a
390±25a
N180
22.2±0.3b
342.9±12.3a
30.5± 0.6a
2237±57b
15.2±0.3a
342±26b
N240
22.3±0.4b
316.0±45.9b
29.6± 0.4b
1956±49c
14.3±0.2b
281±32c
平水年 Normal year (2019—2020)
N0
27.1±1.0c
480.4±24.2a
43.0± 0.8b
2952±89c
12.8±0.3c
353±13d
N60
28.4±1.7b
493.7±41.2a
44.1± 0.3a
3203±103b
13.9±0.2b
445±28c
N120
29.1±1.2b
533.1±31.6b
45.7± 0.6a
3804±267a
14.3±0.2ab
545±19a
N180
29.3±2.0b
563.9±50.3b
45.6± 1.4a
3788±112a
14.4±0.3a
546±12a
N240
30.7±1.8a
570.9±45.9b
45.3± 0.9a
3494±146b
14.5±0.2a
518±15b
F-value
施氮Nitrogen (N)
27.6***
9.2**
5.8***
57.6***
69.4***
411.0***
年型Year (Y)
158.7***
747.8**
1210.3**
80.9***
1223.3***
3235.8***
施氮×年型 N×Y
8.1**
11.4**
3.6*
5.7**
10.7**
42.7***
GNS: 穗粒数Grain number per spike; SN: 穗数Spike number; TGW: 千粒重1000-grain weight; GY: 籽粒产量Grain yield; PC: 蛋白质含量Protein content; PY: 蛋白质产量Protein yield
Fig. 5Relationships among rainfall of fallow stage, soil water storage at sowing, rainfall of growing stage with grain yield
Table 3 表3 表3籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和水分利用效率与各生育阶段降雨量的相关性分析 Table 3Correlation analysis between grain yield (GY), protein content (PC), water use efficiency (WUE) and rainfall at different growth stages
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