Synergistic Effects of Soil Moisture, Aggregate Stability and Organic Carbon Distribution on Wheat Yield Under No-Tillage Practice
ZHENG FengJun,1, WANG Xue,2, LI ShengPing1, LIU XiaoTong1, LIU ZhiPing4, LU JinJing1,4, WU XuePing,1, XI JiLong3, ZHANG JianCheng,3, LI YongShan31Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 2People’s Government of Fangshan District Liulihetown, Beijing 102403 3Institute of Cotton, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi 4Institute of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031
Received:2020-05-4Accepted:2020-07-29Online:2021-02-01 作者简介 About authors 郑凤君,E-mail: zfengjunhn@163.com;
王雪,E-mail: snow13366038169@163.com。
摘要 【目的】基于山西运城8年(2008—2015)长期定位试验,研究免耕覆盖下土壤团聚体稳定性、团聚体活性有机碳分布特征、冬小麦水分利用效率和产量变化特征,分析土壤水分、土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳组分对小麦籽粒产量的协同关系,为选择适宜黄土高原旱作农业区最佳耕作模式提供理论依据。【方法】选取传统耕作秸秆翻耕还田(CT-SP)和免耕秸秆覆盖还田(NT-SM)两种耕作措施,在冬小麦收获期,利用干筛法测定土壤团聚体各粒级质量分数;测定各粒级土壤团聚体有机碳(SOC)及活性有机碳(可溶性有机碳,DOC;易氧化有机碳,EOC;微生物量碳,MBC)含量;测定土壤水分(土壤体积含水量,θv;播种前贮水量,SB;收获后贮水量,SA;生育期耗水量,ET;降水利用效率,PUE;水分利用效率,WUE)和作物产量等关键指标。【结果】(1)与CT-SP处理相比,NT-SM处理显著提高0.25—2 mm团聚体含量、>0.25 mm 团聚体含量(R0.25)和几何平均直径(GMD),分别提升13.9%、8.8%和9.6%。(2)与CT-SP处理相比,NT-SM处理中全土SOC、>2 mm和0.25—2 mm粒级团聚体SOC与MBC含量分别提升17.7%与23.6%、18.4%与18.2%和22.4%与39.2%。0.25—2 mm粒级团聚体对SOC和MBC的贡献率,分别提升18.4%和28.4%。(3)与CT-SP处理相比,NT-SM处理提高了SA、PUE、WUE和小麦产量,分别提升17.7%、8.92%、14.98%和8.92%,并且SOC、WUE、R0.25、MWD和GMD等指标与小麦产量相关系数均达到0.9以上。(4)通过结构方程模型分析发现,土壤团聚体DOC和EOC通过协同效应影响MBC的变化,MBC含量对SOC的总效应为0.88,是影响SOC变化的主导因子。(5)土壤贮水量、土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳分布协同影响小麦产量,并且土壤团聚体稳定性对小麦产量表现为极显著正效应。【结论】在黄土高原旱作农业区,免耕秸秆覆盖还田可改善土壤团聚体结构,增加土壤水分含量,提高小麦水分利用效率,显著增加耕层土壤有机碳和活性有机碳组分含量,从而实现土壤固碳保墒和作物增产的协同效应。 关键词:免耕覆盖;土壤团聚体;活性有机碳;土壤贮水量;水分利用效率;小麦产量;结构方程模型
Abstract 【Objective】Based on an 8 year (2008-2015) long-term field experiment in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, the characteristics of stability and active organic carbon contents in soil dry aggregate, water use efficiency and winter wheat yield under no-tillage with straw mulching were studied, and the synergistic effect among soil moisture, the stability and organic carbon components of soil aggregates and wheat grain yield were analyzed, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the best tillage practice in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in China.【Method】In this study, two tillage treatments in the long-term field experiment were selected, including CT-SP (convention tillage with straw plowing) and NT-SM (no-tillage with straw mulching). During the winter wheat harvest period, the soil aggregate fractions were measured by dry-sieving method, the contents soil organic carbon (SOC) and active organic carbon (dissolved organic carbon, DOC; easily oxidized organic carbon, EOC; microbial biomass carbon MBC) in soil dry aggregates were determined, and soil moisture (soil volumetric water content, θv; soil water storage before sowing, SA; soil water storage after harvesting, SB; water consumption during growing period, ET; precipitation use efficiency, PUE; water use efficiency, WUE) and crop yield were investigated too.【Result】(1) Compared with CT-SP treatment, NT-SM treatment significantly increased the proportions of aggregate 0.25-2 mm, the contents of macro-aggregates (R0.25) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) by 13.9%, 8.8 % and 9.6%, respectively. (2) Compared with CT-SP treatment, the contents of SOC and MBC in bulk soil, >2 mm and 0.25-2 mm in NT-SM treatment, increased by 17.7% and 23.6%, 18.4% and 18.2%, 22.4% and 39.2%, respectively. The contribution rates of 0.25-2 mm soil aggregate-associated carbons to SOC and MBC increased by 18.4% and 28.4%, respectively. (3) Compared with CT-SP treatment, NT-SM treatment increased the SA, PUE, WUE and wheat yield by 17.7%, 8.92%, 14.98% and 8.92%, respectively, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between yield and SOC, WUE, R0.25, MWD, GMD reached above 0.9. (4) By structural equation model analysis, it was found DOC and EOC affected MBC change by a synergistic in soil aggregates, and also the total effect of MBC content on SOC was 0.88, suggesting it was the dominant factor affecting SOC change. (5) The water storage, soil aggregate stability and SOC distribution affected wheat yield by a synergistic effect. Moreover, soil aggregates stability had a significant positive effect on winter wheat yield.【Conclusion】In the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau in China, the no-tillage with straw mulching could improve the stability of soil aggregates and the soil water environment, the contents of organic carbon and active organic carbon fractions in the topsoil, and increase soil carbon sequestration, water retention and crop yield. Keywords:no-tillage with straw mulching;soil aggregates;active organic carbon;soil water storage;WUE;winter yield;SEM
PDF (569KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 郑凤君, 王雪, 李生平, 刘晓彤, 刘志平, 卢晋晶, 武雪萍, 席吉龙, 张建诚, 李永山. 免耕覆盖下土壤水分、团聚体稳定性及其有机碳分布对小麦产量的协同效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(3): 596-607 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.013 ZHENG FengJun, WANG Xue, LI ShengPing, LIU XiaoTong, LIU ZhiPing, LU JinJing, WU XuePing, XI JiLong, ZHANG JianCheng, LI YongShan. Synergistic Effects of Soil Moisture, Aggregate Stability and Organic Carbon Distribution on Wheat Yield Under No-Tillage Practice[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(3): 596-607 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.03.013
1.4.2 有机碳及其组分的测定 收获期土壤样品,土壤有机碳[22]采用元素分析仪(Elementar Vario MACRO,Germany)进行测定,将风干土壤过0.15 mm筛,用1 mol·L-1的盐酸去除碳酸盐后烘干,上机测定。土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)[22,23]采用K2SO4溶液浸提法,利用总有机碳分析仪(Elementar Vario TOC,Germany)测定。土壤微生物量碳(MBC)[22,24]采用氯仿熏蒸提取法,利用总有机碳分析仪测定。MBC计算采用Bc= Ec/Kc,式中,Ec表示熏蒸与未熏蒸之差,Kc表示转换系数,取值0.38。土壤易氧化有机碳(EOC)的测定[22,25]:KMnO4氧化法。
Table 1 表1 表1不同耕作处理下土壤团聚体稳定性分析 Table 1The stability analysis of soil aggregates under different tillage treatments
处理 Treatment
团聚体分级质量分数 Aggregate fraction (%)
R0.25 (%)
平均重量直径 MWD (mm)
几何平均直径 GMD (mm)
w>2mm
w0.25-2mm
w<0.25mm
CT-SP
23±0.01a
47±0.02b
28±0.02a
70±0.02b
1.72±0.06a
0.87±0.05b
NT-SM
23±0.01a
53±0.01a
23±0.01b
76±0.01a
1.77±0.04a
0.95±0.03a
w>2mm, w0.25-2mm, w<0.25mm: Mean >2 mm, 0.25-2 mm, <0.25 mm aggregate fraction; R0.25: Mean >0.25 mm aggregate fraction; MWD: Weight diameter; GMD: Geometric mean diameter
Table 2 表2 表2不同耕作处理对冬小麦产量和水分利用的影响 Table 2Effects of different tillage treatments on yield and water use of winter wheat
处理 Treatment
播前土壤贮水量 (SB)(mm)
收获后土壤贮水量 (SA) (mm)
耗水量 ET (mm)
产量 Yield (kg·hm-2)
降雨利用效率 PUE (kg·hm-2·mm-1)
水分利用效率 WUE(kg·hm-2·mm-1)
CT-SP
427±9.1a
225±4.6b
329±5.4a
4158±88b
33±0.7b
13±0.1b
NT-SM
449±3.5a
264±7.1a
312±4.6a
4529±98a
36±0.8a
15±0.4a
SB: Soil water storage before sowing; SA: Soil water storage after harvesting; ET: Water consumption during growing period; PUE: Precipitation use efficiency; WUE: Water use efficiency
实线和虚线分别表示显著正效应和负效应。箭头的宽度与强度的关系呈正比。线条附近的数字是标准路径系数,该系数显示了模型中的变量关系。图6同 Fig. 5The effect of soil active organic carbon on SOC in soil aggregates by structural equation model analysis
The solid lines and dashed lines represent significant (P<0.001) positive and negative effects, respectively. Arrow widths is proportional to the strength of the relationship. The numbers near the lines are standardized path coefficients, which show the variables in the model. The same as Fig. 6
Table 3 表3 表3不同耕作处理SOC、小麦产量和土壤团聚体稳定性指标的相关关系 Table 3Correlation of SOC, wheat yield and soil aggregate stability indexes under different tillage treatments
Yield
SOC
DOC
EOC
MBC
SB
SA
WUE
R0.25
MWD
GMD
Yield
1
0.922**
0.855*
0.946**
0.892*
0.718
0.757
0.923**
0.925**
0.908*
0.987**
SOC
1
0.873*
0.988**
0.967**
0.684
0.808
0.926**
0.895*
0.723
0.930**
DOC
1
0.858*
0.865*
0.346
0.501
0.820*
0.661
0.772
0.840*
EOC
1
0.935**
0.674
0.795
0.938**
0.907*
0.742
0.938**
MBC
1
0.685
0.857*
0.951**
0.891*
0.701
0.936**
SB
1
0.876*
0.66
0.899*
0.633
0.759
SA
1
0.869*
0.936**
0.518
0.833**
WUE
1
0.916*
0.707
0.956**
R0.25
1
0.765
0.952**
MWD
1
0.873*
GMD
1
“*”表示在0.05水平上显著相关;“**”表示在0.01水平上显著相关 “*” Indicate significant different at α=0.05; “**”Indicate significant different at α=0.01
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