Molecular Ecological Network Analyses Revealing the Effects of Nitrogen Application on Soil Microbial Community in the Degraded Grasslands
ZHU RuiFen1, LIU JieLin1, WANG JianLi1, HAN WeiBo1, SHEN ZhongBao1, XIN XiaoPing,21Institute of Pratacultural Science, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086 2Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
Abstract 【Objective】 Nitrogen input affects the sustainability of the global grassland ecosystem. Paying attention to the soil microbial community and its molecular ecological network can provide a theoretical basis for grassland degradation restoration. 【Method】 Taking Songnen degraded Leymus chinensis grassland as the research object, the molecular ecological network of soil microbial community was constructed by applying high-throughput sequencing and random matrix network construction with and without nitrogen treatment. To explore the effects of nitrogen management on the soil microbial community structure and network in degraded Leymus chinensis grassland, the key microbial changes in the microbial network structure under the condition of nitrogen addition was studied, and the interaction between microorganisms during the process were investigated, and the conditions for external nitrogen addition key points and regularity of soil bacterial dynamic change were analyzed. 【Result】 At the level of phylum classification, there were 22 bacterial phylum in nitrogen-applied grassland and 23 without nitrogen. The 7 phylum were the dominant phylum of the nitrogen-applied and non-nitrogen-applied grasslands. Among them, Proteobacteria was the phyla containing the largest number of OTUs, accounting for about 30.46% of the total sequence. The next largest genus was about 30.15% of the total sequence. The genus Gemmatimonadetes was the third genus containing OTUs, accounting for 8.14% of the total sequence. Actinomycete accounted for about the total 6.15% of the sequence, while Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae accounted for 17.16% of the total sequence. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinomycota and Bacteroides in soil microorganisms in nitrogen-applied grassland were significantly higher than those in non-nitrogen applied grassland soil; The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinomycete and Bacteroidetes were significantly higher than the soils of nitrogen-applied grassland (P<0.01), and no significant difference was found between the nitrogen application and non-nitrogen treatment of other bacteria. The forward connection ratio, the average path length, the average clustering coefficient, and the modularity of the characterizing network were all significantly lower than the nitrogen-free treatment (P<0.001). In the molecular ecological network of soil, there were 16 modular hubs without nitrogen treatment (Zi>2.5, Pi≤0.62), and there were 6 modular hubs under nitrogen treatment, all of which belong to Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Actinomycete. Nitrogen application led to changes in soil microbial species relationships, which in turn changed the overall soil ecological network. 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen application reduced the complexity and tightness of soil network structure of degraded grassland, and reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi in degraded grassland, while which improved the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinomycete and Gemmatimonadetes. The number of microbial key species (OTU) in soil decreased from 16 (no nitrogen application) to 6 and there was no overlapping OTU in both soils, indicating that nitrogen application regulated key species of its community network and thus changes its molecular ecological network. Keywords:nitrogen application;degraded grassland;soil microbe;molecular ecology network
PDF (3307KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 朱瑞芬, 刘杰淋, 王建丽, 韩微波, 申忠宝, 辛晓平. 基于分子生态学网络分析松嫩退化草地土壤微生物群落对施氮的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(13): 2637-2646 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.012 ZHU RuiFen, LIU JieLin, WANG JianLi, HAN WeiBo, SHEN ZhongBao, XIN XiaoPing. Molecular Ecological Network Analyses Revealing the Effects of Nitrogen Application on Soil Microbial Community in the Degraded Grasslands[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2637-2646 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.012
采集的土壤经过去除植物残体和石块等杂质均分后,一份用于土壤高通量测序,另一份用于土壤化学性质测定[21],包括全氮(soil total nitrogen content,STN)、全磷(soil total phosphorus content,STP)、速效氮(soil available nitrogen,SAN)、速效磷(soil available phosphorus,SAP)含量。STN、STP用H2SO4-K2SO4-Cu2SO4催化法消解,消煮后的样品经过滤、稀释、定容后用AutoAnalyzer3(AA3)连续流动分析仪测定。土壤速效氮含量是指硝态氮(soil nitrate nitrogen,SNO3)和铵态氮(soil ammonium nitrogen,SNH4)的总和,因此对SNO3和SNH4进行分别测定,土壤经过2 mol·L-1 KCl浸提、过滤、定容后,用AA3连续流动分析仪测定。SAP采用硫酸钼梯抗比色法测定。土壤样品的理化性质见表1。土壤高通量测序由百迈客公司完成,通过统计数据处理各阶段样品序列数目,评估数据质量。
Table 1 表1 表1施氮和未施氮处理草地土壤的化学性质 Table 1Chemical characteristic of no fertilized (NF) and fertilized (F) soils of grassland
处理 Treatment
pH
土壤全氮 STN (g·kg-1)
土壤全磷 STP (g·kg-1)
土壤铵态氮 SNH4 (mg·kg-1)
土壤硝态氮 SNO3 (mg·kg-1)
土壤速效磷 SAP (mg·kg-1)
F
7.95a
1.71a
0.53b
17.80a
21.62a
10.45a
NF
8.09a
1.31b
0.60b
12.61b
14.75b
10.49a
不同小写字母表示施氮土壤和未施氮处理在P<0.05水平上差异显著。下同 Different small letters represent significant difference between nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous treatments at P<0.05. The same as below
Table 2 表2 表2各样品测序数据评估结果 Table 2Results of sample sequencing data evaluation
样品名称Sample ID
双端序列 PE reads
原始序列 Raw tags
优化序列 Clean tags
有效序列 Effective tags
平均序列长度 Average length (bp)
GC (%)
Q20 (%)
Q30 (%)
Effective (%)
NF
47023
44654
39465
38754
421
57.14
97.15
94.39
82.41
F
66659
63320
56208
55106
420
56.61
97.26
94.61
82.67
GC为样品G和C类型的碱基占总碱基的百分比;Q20为质量值≥20的碱基占总碱基数的百分比;Q30为质量值≥30的碱基占总碱基数的百分比;Effective为有效序列占双端序列的百分比 GC is the percentage of bases of type G and C in the total bases; Q20 is the percentage of bases with a mass value greater than or equal to 20 in the total bases; Q30 is the mass value bases greater than or equal to 30 accounting for the percentage of total bases; Effective is the percentage of effective tags in double-ended sequences (PE reads)
Table 4 表4 表4施氮和未施氮退化草地土壤微生物群落的分子生态网络拓扑性质 Table 4Topological properties of the empirical molecular ecological networks (MENs) of microbial communities in the no fertilized (NF) and fertilized (F) soils
处理Treatment
阈值 Threshold
节点数 Total node
连接数 Total links
正向连接比 Positive link percentage (%)
平均连通度 Connectivity
平均路径长度 Average path distance
平均聚集系数 Clustering coefficient
模块性 Modularity
F
0.9
1872
19873
53.2*
23.6*
2.33*
0.435*
0.46*
NF
0.9
1913
20389
69.4*
28.7*
2.89*
0.462*
0.41*
*表示P<0.001,代表施氮土壤和未施氮土壤的显著性差异 *Represents a significant difference between nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous soils at P<0.001
圆圈代表物种,圆圈大小代表丰度;线条代表两物种间相关,线的粗细代表相关性的强弱。橙色代表正相关,绿色代表负相关。下同 Fig. 2Network of interactions of the main microbial genus of nitrogen-applied soil
The circle represents species, circle size represents abundance; The lines represent the correlation between the two species, the thickness of the lines represents the strength of the correlation. Orange represents positive correlation, and green represents negative correlation. The same as below
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