Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on the Stability of Black Soil Water Stable Aggregates and the Distribution of Organic Carbon
ZHANG XiuZhi1,2, LI Qiang1, GAO HongJun1, PENG Chang1, ZHU Ping,1, GAO Qiang,21Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033 2College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
Abstract 【Objective】Based on the long-term fertilization experiment station, in aims to study the influences on the soil fertility by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure, the characteristics of water stable aggregates and structure of organic carbon was analyzed under different fertilizer application conditions.【Method】0-20 cm soil samples were collected from the 37-year long-term field experiment, including six treatments: CK (no fertilizer), NPK (chemical fertilizer alone), M2 (normal manure application), M2NPK (the chemical fertilizer combined with normal manure rate), M4 (high quantity manure application), and M4NPK (the chemical fertilizer combined with high quantity manure rate). Stability of water stable aggregates and distribution of organic carbon in aggregates were analyzed by wet sieve method.【Result】The proportion of large aggregates was reduced,while the proportion of micro aggregates was increased significantly under long-term application of organic and chemical fertilizer and high amount of organic fertilizer conditions. There was not significant change for the distribution of aggregates under long-term application of chemical fertilizer and constant organic fertilizer conditions. Compared with CK, the proportions in macro-aggregate of M2NPK, M4NPK and M4 were reduced by 32.7%, 45.8% and 55.4%, respectively, and the proportion of that in micro-aggregate were increased by 73.2%, 102.5% and 123.9%, respectively. The stability of surface soil water stable aggregates was reduced significantly under long-term organic combined chemical fertilizer and high amount of organic fertilizer conditions. The soil organic carbon content was increased significantly by 1.12-2.06 times as much as CK under long-term fertilization condition, and the increase of organic carbon content was more significantly in organic fertilizer and organic combined with chemical fertilizer. The content of organic carbon in soil water stable aggregates of each size was increased under long-term organic fertilizer application, while the increase of organic carbon content in each treatment was gradually decreased with the decrease of particle size. Organic carbon content in the water stable macro-aggregate was significantly higher than that in the micro-aggregate, indicating that the organic carbon was mainly distributed in the macro-aggregate. The contribution rate of organic carbon in macro-aggregate was reduced significantly, and the contribution rate of organic carbon was increased significantly in micro-aggregate under long-term application of high amount of organic and combined with chemical fertilizer. The contribution rate of organic carbon in other treatments was higher in macro-aggregates than in micro-aggregates.【Conclusion】There were no significant effect for distribution and organic carbon content in aggregates under long-term chemical fertilization. The proportion of macro-aggregates and the stability of soil aggregates were reduced significantly under high amount of organic fertilizer and combination of organic and chemical fertilizer. The content of organic carbon in the aggregates was increased significantly under long-term application of organic fertilizer. The contribution rate of organic carbon in macro-aggregates was reduced significantly under high amount of organic fertilizer and combined with chemical fertilizer. The micro-aggregate was the dominant aggregate size of the organic carbon contribution rate. Keywords:long-term fertilization;black soil;water stable aggregates;content of organic carbon;contribution rate of organic carbon
PDF (456KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 张秀芝, 李强, 高洪军, 彭畅, 朱平, 高强. 长期施肥对黑土水稳性团聚体稳定性及有机碳分布的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(6): 1214-1223 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.013 ZHANG XiuZhi, LI Qiang, GAO HongJun, PENG Chang, ZHU Ping, GAO Qiang. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on the Stability of Black Soil Water Stable Aggregates and the Distribution of Organic Carbon[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(6): 1214-1223 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.013
0 引言
【研究意义】土壤团聚体是土壤的重要组成部分,也是形成良好土壤结构的基本物质。土壤团聚体粒径分布和稳定性是衡量土壤物理质量的重要指标[1]。土壤有机碳是土壤团聚体形成的重要物质基础,促进团粒结构形成,同时土壤团聚状况也影响着土壤有机碳的分解[2]。有机碳含量与土壤团聚体稳定性之间具有较好的相关性,是土壤团聚体稳定性的关键影响因子[3]。团聚体水稳性与土壤可蚀性密切相关。研究长期施肥对土壤团聚体的组成及不同粒级有机碳含量的影响,可为阐明土壤有机碳循环与转化供应机制,揭示长期施肥条件下土壤肥力形成与变化规律,为黑土培育及抗侵蚀性提供理论依据。【前人研究进展】关于施肥对土壤团聚体组成、稳定性及有机碳分布的影响已有大量报道。耿瑞霖等[4]在潮土的研究表明,长期施用有机肥显著提高2—0.25 mm团聚体数量,降低0.25—0.053 mm团聚体比例。无机肥的施用增加了各粒级团聚体有机碳含量,但对团聚体的比例没有影响。曾希柏等[5]对灌漠土团聚体的研究表明,长期单施有机肥或配施氮肥能够显著提高各粒级水稳性团聚体有机碳含量,>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的含量与土壤有机碳水平呈显著正相关。长期单施有机肥能促进>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的形成。长期施用有机肥或有机无机配施可显著增加红壤大团聚体的含量及土壤有机碳库,有机碳主要向>0.25 mm的团聚体富集[6,7]。张久明等[8]对哈尔滨黑土的研究结果表明,长期施肥后,土壤2—0.25 mm 和 0.25—0.053 mm 团聚体为优势粒级,0.25—0.053 mm团聚体有机碳含量最高,<0.053 mm 粒级团聚体中有机碳含量最低。长期施用化肥降低了塿土>2 mm 的水稳性团聚体数量,增加了<1mm的水稳性团聚体含量。施肥在一定程度上提高了水稳性团聚体有机碳的含量,但施用高量氮、磷下0.25—0.5 mm和<0.25 mm水稳性团聚体中有机碳含量明显低于施用低量氮、磷肥料[9]。长期有机无机配施对塿土>0.25 mm 或<0.25 mm团聚体分布比例没有显著影响,显著改变了土壤有机碳在团聚体中的分配比例[10]。棕壤连续有机无机配合施用可显著增加土壤大团聚体数量、有机碳含量及碳储量,而NPK长期施用显著提高了黏粉粒含量及有机碳分配比例[11]。综合来看,施肥影响团聚体的分布、稳定性及团聚体有机碳的分布,但研究结果不尽相同。一方面,是由于土壤类型不同,其成土母质及土壤质地差异不同;另一方面,当地的气候、作物等也会对团聚体及有机碳含量产生影响。【本研究切入点】黑土是由强烈的腐殖质累积和滞水潴积过程形成的,是一种特殊的草甸化过程。黑土养分含量丰富,肥力水平高,是重要的粮食产地。但黑土开垦后,连年的耕作施肥导致黑土腐殖质含量下降,土壤侵蚀明显。目前的研究多集中在宏观的黑土养分研究,对于水稳性团聚体的稳定性及团聚体中碳的分布研究较少。【拟解决的关键问题】依托37年黑土长期肥料定位试验,采用湿筛法,测定不同粒级团聚体含量及团聚体中有机碳含量,揭示黑土水稳性团聚体的稳定性及不同粒级有机碳分布对长期施肥的响应,以期为黑土培育及抗侵蚀性提供理论依据。
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