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中国茶园土壤酸化现状与分析

本站小编 Free考研考试/2021-12-26
颜鹏, 韩文炎,, 李鑫, 张丽平, 张兰中国农业科学院茶叶研究所/农业农村部茶叶质量安全控制重点实验室,杭州 310008

Present Situation and Analysis of Soil Acidification in Chinese Tea Garden

YAN Peng, HAN WenYan,, LI Xin, ZHANG LiPing, ZHANG LanTea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008

通讯作者: 韩文炎,Tel：0571-86650413;E-mail： hanwy@mail.tricaas.com

责任编辑: 李云霞
收稿日期:2019-05-24接受日期:2019-07-3网络出版日期:2020-02-16
基金资助:国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项.2017YFE0107500
中国农业科学院科技创新工程.CAAS-XTCX2016015


Received:2019-05-24Accepted:2019-07-3Online:2020-02-16
作者简介 About authors
颜鹏,E-mail：yanpengzn@163.com。







摘要
【目的】茶树是我国重要的经济作物,由于其较好的经济效益,近年来茶树种植面积不断扩大,但是土壤酸化问题也日益突出。对已发表的茶园土壤pH的文献进行整理和分析,明确我国主要产茶省份茶园土壤pH情况,为茶园土壤调控管理和茶园发展规划提供科学依据。【方法】以我国主要产茶区土壤酸化情况为研究对象,筛选收集中国知网和web of science上2000—2016年发表的相关文献,利用加权平均的方法计算全国以及各产茶省份茶园土壤平均pH,以及在各个区间的分布情况。利用文献数据,比较茶园和周边森林土壤pH的差异。同时利用测土配方施肥数据,对安溪县和松阳县两个典型产茶县不同作物类型下土壤pH进行比较分析。【结果】全国茶园土壤平均pH为4.73,各省份间存在很大差异。山东和河南两省茶园土壤pH超过5.5,分别达到5.76和5.54,江西省茶园土壤pH最低,只有3.86。从土壤pH在各区间的分布来看,只有41%的茶园的土壤pH在4.5—5.5这一最适宜茶树生长的范围。高达52%的茶园的土壤pH在4.5以下,属于不适宜茶树生长的强酸性土壤。与森林相比较,种植茶树显著降低了土壤pH。种茶历史悠久的安溪县茶园土壤pH为4.2,远低于水稻土壤的5.2和果蔬等土壤的6.2。在种茶历史相对较短的松阳县,茶园土壤pH为5.1,也分别低于水稻和果蔬等土壤的5.2和5.4。【结论】我国茶园土壤酸化严重,全国茶园土壤平均pH为4.73,超过52%的土壤的pH在4.5以下,属于不适宜茶树生长的强酸性土壤。后期应当加强茶园土壤酸化调控,以防止茶园土壤继续酸化,实现茶叶长期可持续发展。
关键词： 茶园;土壤酸化;土地利用方式;中国

Abstract
【Objective】Tea is an important economic crop in China. Because of its high economic value, its planting area has been expanding rapidly in the past years. However, the soil acidification is more and more serious. Understanding the soil acidification of tea gardens in the main tea planting provinces in China will be useful for guiding soil management and tea development in future.【Method】To achieve our objective, 99 papers published in Chinese magazine Network and web of science were collected and the data about soil pH and its distribution in there interval of ＜4.5,4.5-5.5 and ＞5.5 were analyzed by weighted average method. We further compared the soil pH between forest and tea garden to understand the effect of tea cultivation on soil acidification. And depending on the data from National Soil Testing and Formula Fertilizing Project, the soil pH with different crops were also analyzed in Songyang and Anxi countries, which were two representative tea planting countries.【Result】The averaged soil pH of the whole county was 4.73, while it was various among different provinces. The averaged soil pH of Shandong and Henan were above 5.5, which were 5.76 and 5.54, respectively. While the averaged soil pH of Jiangxi was as low as 3.86. As for the percentage of averaged soil pH distribution in the interval of ＜4.5, 4.5-5.5 and ＞5.5, only 41% soil pH were in the interval of 4.5-5.5, which was suitable for tea growth. 52% sites were in the interval of pH＜4.5, which was too low for tea growth. Depending on the data from 22 literatures, the soil pH of tea garden was 4.28, which was significantly lower than that 5.17 of forest. In Anxi, the country with long history of tea plantation, the soil pH of tea garden was 4.2, which was lower than that 5.2 and 6.2 of rice and fruit or vegetable soil. In Songyang, the country started to growth tea in the last two decades, the soil pH of tea garden was 5.1, this was also lower than that 5.2 and 5.4 of rice and fruit or vegetable soil. 【Conclusion】 Soil acidification was serious in our tea garden, the averaged soil pH was 4.73, and 52% of the tea garden with soil pH below 4.5, which was the critical value for tea growth. It is important to pay more attention on developing various technologies to ameliorate soil acidity in tea garden, and achieve its sustainable development in China.
Keywords：tea;soil acidification;land use patterns;whole country


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本文引用格式
颜鹏, 韩文炎, 李鑫, 张丽平, 张兰. 中国茶园土壤酸化现状与分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(4): 795-801 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.011
YAN Peng, HAN WenYan, LI Xin, ZHANG LiPing, ZHANG Lan. Present Situation and Analysis of Soil Acidification in Chinese Tea Garden[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(4): 795-801 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.011


0 引言

【研究意义】 茶树是我国重要的经济作物之一,尤其是近年来作为脱贫攻坚的重要抓手,受到越来越多的重视,茶树种植面积不断扩大。2017年我国茶园采摘面积和茶叶总产量分别达到305万公顷和268 万吨,占到全球的45.9%和35.5%[1] 。在茶产业快速发展的同时,也面临着茶园土壤酸化越来越严重的问题,成为制约茶产业发展的一个重要因素[2-5]。土壤过酸会影响茶树养分吸收,从而影响茶树生长和茶叶品质[6-7]。另外,强酸性土壤下重金属有效性提高,茶树对重金属元素吸收量显著提高,从而造成安全隐患[8]。因此,掌握我国茶园土壤酸化现状,可为未来我国茶园土壤酸化分类调控对策的制订和重点区域土壤酸化的阻控提供依据。【前人研究进展】我国早在二十世纪七八十年代就有关于茶园土壤不断酸化的报道。1980年孙继海和吴子铭报道贵州省桐子坡的土壤pH在种植茶树10年后由5.2降到4.1[9]。中国科学院南京土壤研究所徐仁扣研究员课题组利用不同种植年限茶园,通过土壤pH变化和土壤缓冲容量,计算出植茶早期（0—13年）茶园0—20 cm土层酸化速率高达4.4 kmol H+·hm-2·a-1[10]。云南大学李世玉对云南省不同种植年限茶园0—120 cm土层pH的研究发现,0—40 cm土层pH呈提高趋势,40—80 cm土层pH无变化,而80—100和100—120 cm土层呈酸化趋势[11]。我们前期研究发现,不仅茶园表层土壤酸化严重,在100 cm以下土层也存在严重的酸化问题[4]。这一阶段的研究主要集中在茶园土壤酸化速率方面,为了解茶园土壤酸化情况提供了很好的数据。2005年启动全国测土配方施肥项目后,关于茶园土壤酸化方面的报道越来越多,而且涉及的调查研究范围也更广泛。张炳铃对福建省安溪县茶园土壤pH的分析发现,土壤平均pH为4.3,其中pH＜4.5的占70.0%[12]。这一阶段的研究多是在县域尺度上研究茶园土壤酸化情况,对指导当地茶园土壤调控起到了积极的指导作用。但是尚缺乏从省域甚至是全国尺度主要产茶区土壤酸化现状的报道。而且,前期关于茶园土壤pH的研究多以土壤平均pH为主,尚缺乏对茶园土壤pH在＜4.5、4.5—5.5和＞5.5 三个酸碱度分布情况的研究报道,这一数据能更好地反映茶园土壤酸化状况。【本研究切入点】利用2000年以来发表的文献数据,收集整理我国各产茶省份茶园土壤酸化的数据,一方面了解全国各主要产茶省份茶园土壤酸化情况,另一方面掌握茶园土壤pH在＜4.5、4.5—5.5和＞5.5三个酸碱度的分布情况。从而从整体上掌握我国茶园土壤酸化情况。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究拟明确我国主要产茶省份茶园土壤酸化状况,尤其是pH在＜4.5、4.5—5.5和＞5.5三个酸碱度的分布情况,研究结果可为茶园土壤酸化防治提供依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 数据来源

本文以我国各主要产茶区土壤酸化情况为研究对象,收集筛选截止到2016年以来,在中国知网和web of science上发表的相关文献,共计99篇（电子附表1）。筛选标准为至少包括20个以上茶园取样点的文献报道,主要发表于核心期刊。利用中国知网,收集筛选出40篇涉及土壤pH在＜4.5、4.5—5.5和＞5.5三个酸碱度分布的文献,用于分析茶园土壤酸化程度（电子附表2）。同时收集到22篇有关茶园和邻近森林或者荒地的文献,用于分析森林或者荒地改种茶树后对土壤pH的影响（电子附表3）。最后利用2005年启动的全国土壤测土配方施肥项目,从安溪县和松阳县农业局获得其县域土壤pH的数据,用于比较不同种植作物体系下土壤pH的差异。以此作为分析的数据集,应用Excel 2010,完成我国主要产茶省份茶园土壤酸化情况分析。

Table S1
附表1
附表1用于统计分析全国各省茶园土壤pH的文献
Table S1The papers used to analysis soil pH for each provinces
发表年份文献题目文献链接
12000苏、浙、皖茶区茶园土壤pH状况及近十年来的变化https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2000&filename=TRTB200005004&v=MDAwMjg3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTduVXIzTE1UL2ZiTEc0SHRITXFvOUZZSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM=
22000西藏茶园土壤肥力状况分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2000&filename=TRFL200005008&v=MTk3ODNVUkxPZlllVnZGeUhrVjcvSk1UL05Zckc0SHRITXFvOUZiSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckM=
32006安徽九华山仙寓山和牯牛降茶园土壤质量的比较https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2006&filename=ZNTB200605067&v=MDI3NzNvOURZNFI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTdrVmIvTlB5UGZiTEc0SHRmTXE=
42006信阳市茶园土壤有机质和速效氮磷钾的分布https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2007&filename=HNNY200705025&v=Mjg1NDdmWWVWdkZ5N2xVcnJKTFNQRmQ3RzRIdGJNcW85SFlZUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE8=
52006江苏茶园土壤环境质量现状分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2006&filename=ZGTN200604017&v=MzAyNDF5cmZZTEc0SHRmTXE0OUVZNFI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTdsVnIzSlA=
62006江苏省典型茶园土壤酸化及其对策分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2006&filename=JSNY200602056&v=MTE5MzBWdkZ5N2xWcnZJTHo3RmQ3RzRIdGZNclk5QVlvUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWU=
72006鄂东(北)茶园土壤营养环境及水溶性氯调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2006&filename=AHNY200608067&v=MTk3ODdmWWVWdkZ5N25XN3pPSkNYRmQ3RzRIdGZNcDQ5RFk0UjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE8=
82007柠檬酸-铝-氟交互作用对茶园土壤氟吸附特征及形态分布的影响https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2007&filename=NHBH200706050&v=MDQyNDVMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk3bVVyL1BLeVhKWnJHNEh0Yk1xWTlBWklSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVI=
92007长沙县“百里茶廊”6 个茶叶基地的土壤肥力质量评价https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2007&filename=NXDH200703025&v=MjIyNzQ5SFlZUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5N2dVN3ZOS3pYUFpyRzRIdGJNckk=
102007洞庭湖区主要茶叶基地土壤养分状况与肥力质量评价https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD2008&filename=2007207701.nh&v=MDc4MDRHYkc0R2RiTXJwRWJQSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTdnVUx6SlYxMjc=
112008鲁东南棕壤区茶园土壤养分演变趋势研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2008&filename=CAYA200803015&v=MDcyNjJ6U2I3RzRIdG5Nckk5RVlZUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5N2xVTDdPSmk=
122008青岛崂山茶园土壤微量元素有效量及其影响因素研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2008&filename=TRTB200805036&v=MjY4MzZZb1I4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTdsVUwzSU1UL2ZiTEc0SHRuTXFvOUc=
132008青岛市茶园土壤肥力及环境质量现状分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2008&filename=LYXI200801014&v=MDEyMTNvOUVZSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTdsVWJ6QktUVFRaN0c0SHRuTXI=
142008连城县山地茶园土壤肥力状况调查与改良措施https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2008&filename=CYKJ200803008&v=MjU2NTBoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk3bVc3M05KalRBWkxHNEh0bk1ySTlGYklSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0Q=
152009龙岩市茶园土壤养分分析与施肥对策https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=FJNK200905042&v=MTM4MzRxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTdtVWI3TEl5ZkZaYkc0SHRqTXFvOUJab1I4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDM=
162009武平县山地茶园土壤肥力状况与培肥对策https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=FJRK200903006&v=MDc3NzkxRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk3bVZMN0pJeWZaWmJHNEh0ak1ySTlGWW9SOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00=
172009福建省铁观音茶园土壤镁素状况研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=ZWYF200901022&v=Mjg4OTRxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTduVkxyT1B6clNhTEc0SHRqTXJvOUhab1I4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDM=
182009湖北省茶园土壤养分状况评价https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=HZNY200903010&v=MjIxMjNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTduVmIzT0xUZkZkN0c0SHRqTXJJOUVaSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckM=
192009湖南省茶叶研究所茶园土壤养分 现状及 20 余年变化研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CPFD&dbname=CPFD0914&filename=ZGCK200909001023&v=MTU2NDVqOThUbmpxcXhkRWVNT1VLcmlmWnU5dkVDcmtVN25LS0ZvVFB5cklaYkc0SHRqTXBvOUZaZXNORHhOS3VoZGhu
202009陕南茶园土壤有机质和pH 值空 间变异及其与速效养分的相关性https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=XBNY200901031&v=MDE5MTRIa1Viek5QUy9GZDdHNEh0ak1ybzlHWllSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk=
212009重庆茶叶优势县茶园土壤养分状况https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CPFD&dbname=CPFD0914&filename=ZGCK200909001029&v=Mjg2MzVobmo5OFRuanFxeGRFZU1PVUtyaWZadTl2RUNya1U3YkpKVjBSUHlySVpiRzRIdGpNcG85Rlplc05CUk5LdWhk
222010安溪铁观音茶园土壤肥力分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2010&filename=ZNTB201021035&v=MTQ0NTJGeTdtVTczQlB5UGZiTEc0SDlIT3JvOUdZWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnY=
232010铁观音低产茶园综合改造成效分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2010&filename=ZNTB201022046&v=MTUzNDFyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5N21WN3pMUHlQZmJMRzRIOUhPclk5QllvUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUY=
242010湖北省主要茶区土壤环境状况分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2010&filename=HBNY201012035&v=MDgxNjRkN0c0SDlITnJZOUdZWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTduVmJ2TkxTL0Y=
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762015生物炭对茶园土壤 CO2 和 N2O 排放量 及微生物特性的影响https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=YYSB201507006&v=MDY3OTdvUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5N21VcjNQUERUWWJMRzRIOVRNcUk5Rlk=
772015安溪县茶园肥力状况与合理利用研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=ZNTB201528025&v=Mjc2NDdmWWVWdkZ5N21VNy9LUHlQZmJMRzRIOVRPcDQ5SFlZUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE8=
782015福建铁观音茶园生态地球化学特征https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2016&filename=DIZI201506027&v=MDQwNjVMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk3bVVMek5JU1RSWjdHNEg5VE1xWTlIWTRSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVI=
792015建阳区茶园土壤主要养分现状及施肥建议https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=FJNK201506010&v=MjI4NzNZOUVaSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTdtVUxyTEl5ZkZaYkc0SDlUTXE=
802015配施生物基质肥料对茶园土壤酸度的改良效应https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=CYKK201502018&v=MDAzMTJyWTlFYklSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk3bVZyN05KalRBWmJHNEg5VE0=
812015生物黑炭对茶园土壤理化性状及茶叶产量的影响https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=CYKJ201501005&v=MDMxNzVtVnJySkpqVEFaTEc0SDlUTXJvOUZZWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTc=
822015永春县高山茶园土壤养分变化状况分析研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=FJCA201504006&v=MDA0NjNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTdtV3J6Skl5ZkliN0c0SDlUTXE0OUZZb1I4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckM=
832015周宁县茶园土壤肥力现状及施肥建议https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=SLYK201503064&v=MjM4NjRSTE9mWWVWdkZ5N21XNy9QTmlIU1piRzRIOVRNckk5RFlJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1U=
842015松阳县 2006 - 2013 年耕地土壤 pH 变化分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=ZJNX201504025&v=MjE4OTg3QVB5ZkZkckc0SDlUTXE0OUhZWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTduVTc=
852015松阳县茶园土壤 pH 值和主要养分分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2016&filename=CYJG201506008&v=MDcxNzMzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk3blU3ek5KalRCYWJHNEg5VE1xWTlGYklSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQ=
862015长期不同施肥对茶园土壤碳氮磷构成的影响https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=TRTB201503011&v=MTc5OTh6TE1UL2ZiTEc0SDlUTXJJOUVaWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTduVUw=
872015浙江桐庐县园地土壤肥力状况及管理建议https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=YUWZ201502093&v=MDEyMjNMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5N25VTHJKUERqY2RMRzRIOVRNclk5TVo0UjhlWDE=
882015勐腊县茶园土壤有机质和速效氮磷钾的分布https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=SXLX201511023&v=MTQ2NDhIOVROcm85SFo0UjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5N25WcnJJTmpYSGRyRzQ=
892015云南省中低产茶园土壤化学成分现状调查及分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=AGRI201508017&v=MTA3NzVUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5N25WNzNKSkNyWlo3RzRIOVRNcDQ5RVk0UjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3E=
902015湖北、湖南砖茶主产区茶园土壤有效氟的背景调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=JSNY201501107&v=MDM1NzBoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk3blZieklMejdGZDdHNEg5VE1ybzVGWTRSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0Q=
912015增施磷肥对提高强酸性高硒 茶园土壤硒有效性的效果https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=AQHJ201504061&v=MTczNTBUTXE0OURaWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTduVzc3QkpEekRaTEc0SDk=
922015湖南省东北部茶园茶树及土壤重金属镉污染的调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=ZWJZ201509055&v=MDc1MTBUTXBvOUFZWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTdnVXJ2TlB6ckJkTEc0SDk=
932015施肥结构对茶园土壤氮素营养及茶叶产量品质的影响https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=CYKK201503007&v=MDAxMTVnVTczQkpqVEFaYkc0SDlUTXJJOUZZNFI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeTc=
942015贵州重点茶区茶园土壤pH值和主要养分分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=XNYX201501054&v=MjExNjRSTE9mWWVWdkZ5SGtVNzdNUFNQU2RyRzRIOVRNcm85QVlJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1U=
952015黔西北茶园土壤活性铝的形态分布及影响因素https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=HJKX201506015&v=MDcyMDRkckc0SDlUTXFZOUVZWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeUhrVTd6SUxTZkE=
962015西秀区茶园土壤养分状况及相关性分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=NJFW201503057&v=MjYwMTJUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5SGtVNzNCS3lmTmViRzRIOVRNckk5QVk0UjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDE=
972015海南主要油茶林土壤肥力调查与评价https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=JLYJ201501014&v=MjYxNTVrVUwvS0x5SFNaTEc0SDlUTXJvOUVZSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeUg=
982015江西浮梁县茶园土壤养分状况研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=SHLB201502024&v=MDAzODlEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5SGtVTDNOTmlYSGJMRzRIOVRNclk5SFlJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzc=
992016亚热带茶园土壤酸度特征研究— 以福建省武夷山市为例https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2016&filename=ZGHJ201601028&v=MjAyMTdMM0JQeXJEWkxHNEg5Zk1ybzlIYklSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk3bVY=

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Table S2
附表2
附表2用于统计分析全国各省茶园土壤pH＜4.5,4.5-5.5和＞5.5分布的文献
Table S2The papers used to analysis soil pH distribution in the interval of ＜4.5, 4.5-5.5 and＞5.5 for each provinces
发表年份文献题目文献链接
12003重庆茶园土壤酸化及肥力特征的研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2004&filename=TRTB200406009&v=MDQ4MDVMRzRIdFhNcVk5RmJZUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cm1XNy9MTVQvZmI=
22006江苏茶园土壤环境质量现状分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2006&filename=ZGTN200604017&v=MTk3MTExVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJtVkx2T1B5cmZZTEc0SHRmTXE0OUVZNFI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGg=
32006江苏省典型茶园土壤酸化及其对策分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2006&filename=JSNY200602056&v=MjMwMjhZZVZ2RnlybVZiL0JMejdGZDdHNEh0Zk1yWTlBWW9SOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2Y=
42006鄂东(北)茶园土壤营养环境及水溶性氯调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2006&filename=AHNY200608067&v=MjY3MDU3RzRIdGZNcDQ5RFk0UjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cm1VYjNCSkNYRmQ=
52007洞庭湖区主要茶叶基地土壤养分状况与肥力质量评价https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD2008&filename=2007207701.nh&v=MjU4OTRxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJsVUwvTFYxMjdHYkc0R2RiTXJwRWJQSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDM=
62008重庆茶叶优势县茶园土壤养分状况https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CPFD&dbname=CPFD0914&filename=ZGCK200909001029&v=MDE0ODhaZXNOQlJOS3VoZGhuajk4VG5qcXF4ZEVlTU9VS3JpZlp1OXZFQ3JrVTczTEtWc2NQeXJJWmJHNEh0ak1wbzlG
72009龙岩市茶园土壤养分分析与施肥对策https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=FJNK200905042&v=MDYzOTZyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybFZMM01JeWZGWmJHNEh0ak1xbzlCWm9SOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVQ=
82009粤东北典型山地茶园土壤质量评价 ——以梅州市雁南飞茶田为例https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=GDNY200906023&v=MDI2MTRxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJtVnJyTElpbkZkN0c0SHRqTXFZOUhaNFI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDM=
92009湖北省茶园土壤养分状况评价https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=HZNY200903010&v=MzE1OTZyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybVVMek1MVGZGZDdHNEh0ak1ySTlFWklSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVQ=
102009武平县山地茶园土壤肥力状况与培肥对策https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=FJRK200903006&v=MDE4NzhSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybFdyN0JJeWZaWmJHNEh0ak1ySTlGWW8=
112010湖南省丘岗茶园土壤的酸化特征及其对土壤肥力的影响https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2010&filename=TRTB201003028&v=MTY5MDRSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cm1WTDNPTVQvZmJMRzRIOUhNckk5SGJJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1U=
122010湖北省主要茶区土壤环境状况分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2010&filename=HBNY201012035&v=MDM1NTk4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJtVUxyUExTL0ZkN0c0SDlITnJZOUdZWVI=
132011福建省铁观音茶园土壤镁素状况研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=ZWYF200901022&v=MTEzOTVtVTdySVB6clNhTEc0SHRqTXJvOUhab1I4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXI=
142011江苏省典型茶园土壤酸化趋势及其制约因素研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2011&filename=TURA201105012&v=MDI0MjBlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cm1WYnJNTVRqWmI3RzRIOURNcW85RVpvUjg=
152011夷陵区茶园土壤肥力及茶树营养状况分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2011&filename=ZNTB201113019&v=MDY2MjFYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybVViL0pQeVBmYkxHNEg5RE5ySTlFYllSOGU=
162012德宏州芒市茶园土壤养分调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2012&filename=YNKJ201205009&v=MjEwMTZiWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJtVXIzQlBDUEFaTEc0SDlQTXFvOUY=
172012广东茶园土壤营养状况调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2012&filename=GDNY201214020&v=MjkwMDIxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJtVWJ2QUlpbkZkN0c0SDlQTnE0OUhaSVI4ZVg=
182012西湖龙井茶主产区茶园土壤肥力特征分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2012&filename=ZJNX201204022&v=MDAwNDFyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cmxWcjdQUHlmRmRyRzRIOVBNcTQ5SFpvUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUY=
192012梅州地区茶园土壤肥力状况调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2012&filename=GDNY201222003&v=MjE5MzJUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cm1WNy9CSWluRmQ3RzRIOVBPclk5Rlo0UjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDE=
202013恩施州茶园土壤养分状况调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2013&filename=CAYA201305009&v=MDk3NDNMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cmxVcjNCSml6U2I3RzRIOUxNcW85RmJZUjhlWDE=
212013新昌茶园土壤肥力初探https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2013&filename=ZJNX201303009&v=MTMzODJmRmRyRzRIOUxNckk5RmJZUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cmxWcjNJUHk=
222013江西省茶叶主产县茶园土壤养分现状分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2013&filename=JXNY201309016&v=MTI4OTZXcjdBTHpYRmQ3RzRIOUxNcG85RVlvUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cm0=
232013宁德市茶园土壤与大白茶的种植关系研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFR&dbname=CJFDHIS2&filename=NDSX201304012&v=MjcyNDZHNEg5TE1xNDlFWm9SOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybFZiektLeW5ZZHI=
242014浅析松溪县茶园土壤养分现状https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=CSCT201406014&v=MzE4MzkxRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybFZiclBKajdJZXJHNEg5WE1xWTlFWUlSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00=
252014永春县酸化型茶园成因与改良对策https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2014&filename=FJNK201404037&v=MDU3NzJxNDlHWTRSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybFdydklJeWZGWmJHNEg5WE0=
262014宁德市茶园土壤养分状况分析与评价https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2014&filename=FJHG201401062&v=MDk0NThNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cmxWTHZCSXlmRGFiRzRIOVhNcm85RFpvUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUclc=
272014安溪茶园土壤酸化问题与改良措施https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=BJNY201427092&v=MTg5NjRkN0c0SDlYT3FJOU1ab1I4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJsVjd6Qkp5ZkY=
282014淳安县茶园土壤肥力状况及培肥措施https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=NXTS201421051&v=MTk2ODBLelhmZmJHNEg5WE9ybzlBWllSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybFVMek0=
292015松阳县 2006 - 2013 年耕地土壤 pH 变化分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=ZJNX201504025&v=MTM5MDFyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cmxVYi9PUHlmRmRyRzRIOVRNcTQ5SFlZUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUY=
302015松阳县茶园土壤 pH 值和主要养分分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2016&filename=CYJG201506008&v=MTYxOTgzQUpqVEJhYkc0SDlUTXFZOUZiSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJsVWI=
312015浙江桐庐县园地土壤肥力状况及管理建议https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=YUWZ201502093&v=MjY2NjBlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVWdkZ5cmxWcnZCUERqY2RMRzRIOVRNclk5TVo0Ujg=
322015周宁县茶园土壤肥力现状及施肥建议https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=SLYK201503064&v=MjczMjFYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybFc3L0FOaUhTWmJHNEg5VE1ySTlEWUlSOGU=
332015云南台地茶园土壤化学成分研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2011&filename=ZNTB201102036&v=MjM1NjhZZVZ2RnlybVU3L05QeVBmYkxHNEg5RE1yWTlHWW9SOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2Y=
342015湖北、湖南砖茶主产区茶园土壤有效氟的背景调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=JSNY201501107&v=MjU1NzhSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybVVMN05MejdGZDdHNEg5VE1ybzVGWTQ=
352015建阳区茶园土壤主要养分 现状及施肥建议https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=FJNK201506010&v=MDAwMTZaSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJsVjd2SUl5ZkZaYkc0SDlUTXFZOUU=
362015贵州重点茶区茶园土壤pH值和主要养分分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=XNYX201501054&v=MTAwMTRybVY3M09QU1BTZHJHNEg5VE1ybzlBWUlSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2Rnk=
372015海南主要油茶林土壤肥力调查与评价https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=JLYJ201501014&v=MTIzMTBUTXJvOUVZSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJtVjd2Qkx5SFNaTEc0SDk=
382015湖北、湖南砖茶主产区茶园土壤有效氟的背景调查https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=JSNY201501107&v=MTUxMTdML0JMejdGZDdHNEg5VE1ybzVGWTRSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybVY=
392015信阳毛尖茶园土壤有机质和硫、镁含量研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=TRTB201501026&v=MTUxOTNvOUhZb1I4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllVnZGeXJtV3J6T01UL2ZiTEc0SDlUTXI=
402016亚热带茶园土壤酸度特征研究— 以福建省武夷山市为例https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2016&filename=ZGHJ201601028&v=MTA2NTMzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVZ2RnlybFdyekFQeXJEWkxHNEg5Zk1ybzlIYklSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQ=

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Table S3
附表3
附表3用于统计分析茶园与邻近森林或者荒地土壤pH差异的文献
Table S3The papers used to compare soil pH between tea garden and adjacent forest
发表年份文献题目文献链接
11979茶树与土壤酸碱度https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD7984&filename=TRFL197906004&v=MDE3NzBoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVJtRnlyblVyck1NVC9OWXJLeEdkak1xWTlGWUlSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0Q=
21991茶园一土壤系统铝和氟的生物地球 化学循环及其对土壤酸化的影响https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD9093&filename=TRXB199103000&v=Mjg2MjhGOURNckk5RlpJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVSbUZ5cm5VNy9QTVQvVGJMS3g=
32002不同利用年限茶园土壤的化学 及微生物生态特征研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2002&filename=ZJNX200203010&v=MDg0NDllUm1GeXJuVTdyUFB5ZkZkckc0SHRQTXJJOUVaSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlk=
42004成土母质和种植制度对土壤pH和交换性铝的影响https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2004&filename=STXB200405018&v=Mjg5OTk4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllUm1GeXJuVUwvSU5qblRiTEc0SHRYTXFvOUViSVI=
52007不同利用年限茶园土壤矿化、硝化作用特性https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2007&filename=TRXB200702026&v=MTYwMDdmWWVSbUZ5cm5VTDNPTVQvVGJMRzRIdGJNclk5SFlvUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE8=
62009不同土壤 N2O 排放的研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2009&filename=CYKK200906012&v=MDc5NzBSbUZ5cm5VYjNOSmpUQVpiRzRIdGpNcVk5RVpvUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWU=
72010安溪铁观音茶园土壤肥力分析https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2010&filename=ZNTB201021035&v=Mjc1NDNmYkxHNEg5SE9ybzlHWVlSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2ZZZVJtRnlyblZyN0lQeVA=
82009不同利用方式下退化红壤肥力演变的综合评价https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CPFD&dbname=CPFD0914&filename=ZGTR200911001022&v=MTcxNTZmTEc0SHRqTnJvOUZaZXNORGhOS3VoZGhuajk4VG5qcXF4ZEVlTU9VS3JpZlp1OXZFQ3Z0VTczS0pWc1FQeXJm
92010茶园土壤定向培肥试验初报https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2010&filename=CYKJ201001007&v=MjA5ODRSTE9mWWVSbUZ5cm5WNy9QSmpUQVpMRzRIOUhNcm85Rlk0UjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1U=
102011不同植茶年龄茶树根际与非根际土壤微生物及酶活性特征研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2011&filename=ZNTB201127023&v=MjM3OTExVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllUm1GeXJuVjczQVB5UGZiTEc0SDlET3FJOUhaNFI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGg=
112012高海拔地 区黄壤 茶 园酸化及 其原 因分 析 以挂墩茶园为例https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2012&filename=AHNB201211048&v=MTI4OTN5cm5WTHpMSkNYRmJMRzRIOVBOcm85QmJJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVSbUY=
122012福建安溪不同年限茶树土壤养分与微生物Biolog 功能多样性的差异分析水https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2012&filename=ZGTN201211012&v=MDA2NDJDVVJMT2ZZZVJtRnlyblZMdklQeXJmWUxHNEg5UE5ybzlFWm9SOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnI=
132013不同植茶年限土壤团聚体有机碳的分布特征https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2013&filename=ZNYK201309009&v=MDU1NjhZZVJtRnlyblZiM0xQeVBTWmJHNEg5TE1wbzlGYllSOGVYMUx1eFlTN0RoMVQzcVRyV00xRnJDVVJMT2Y=
142014鄂西南不同旱地种植模式下土壤养分特征研究https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=HBNY201424018&v=MjQ4ODdmWWVSbUZ5cm5WYnZNTFMvRmQ3RzRIOVhPcTQ5RWJJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE8=
152014不同植茶年限茶园土壤 pH 缓冲容量https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2014&filename=YYSB201410021&v=Mjc2OTRxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllUm1GeXJuV3IvT1BEVFliTEc0SDlYTnI0OUhaWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDM=
162015不同植被类型下红壤 pH 和交换性酸的剖面特征https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=YYSB201509008&v=MTUwMTBUTXBvOUZiSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlllUm1GeXJuV3JyTVBEVFliTEc0SDk=
172015不同植茶年限土壤团聚体全氟和水溶态氟的分布特征https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=NHBH201509021&v=MjcyMjllUm1GeXJnVkxyQUt5WEpackc0SDlUTXBvOUhaWVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkxPZlk=
182015不同土地利用方式下红壤酸化特征及趋势https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CMFD&dbname=CMFD201601&filename=1015379055.nh&v=MDQxODZPZlllUm1GeXJnVmJ6QVZGMjZHN0MvRjlISnFwRWJQSVI4ZVgxTHV4WVM3RGgxVDNxVHJXTTFGckNVUkw=
192015不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳矿化及其温度敏感性https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=TRQS201503025&v=MTk5MDRSTE9mWWVSbUZ5cmdWYnZCTVQvYWZiRzRIOVRNckk5SFlZUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1U=
202015贵州东南部山区新茶园土壤养分特点与有机培肥效果https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2016&filename=GUXI201506010&v=MDE4OThNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVSbUZ5cmdXcjNKSWpqVFo3RzRIOVRNcVk5RVpJUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUclc=
212015连续 4 年垦植对贵州鸟王茶土壤碳、氮、磷含量的影响https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2015&filename=XNYX201503049&v=MTg0NjdmWWVSbUZ5cmdXcnZLUFNQU2RyRzRIOVRNckk5QmJZUjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE8=
222016不同植茶年限茶园的土壤有机碳淋溶特性https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFDLAST2016&filename=ANHU201602003&v=MDM3MzFNclk5Rlo0UjhlWDFMdXhZUzdEaDFUM3FUcldNMUZyQ1VSTE9mWWVSbUZ5cmdXNy9BSkNQRGU3RzRIOWY=

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1.2 数据处理

为了综合计算各省份和全国茶园土壤平均pH,土壤pH在＜4.5、4.5—5.5和＞5.5三个酸碱度的分布,将各文章中的数据收集,进行加权平均。数据分析和图表制作采用sigmaplot12.5和Excel 2010软件。

2 结果

2.1 全国各省茶园土壤pH

利用中国知网和web of science,共收集到99篇自2000年以来有关茶园土壤pH方面的文献,涵盖了17个茶叶种植省份,其中福建省文献数量最多为22篇,广西、海南和西藏最少,只有1篇。每个省份最少采样点为20个（海南省）,最多采样点达到9 432个（福建省）,全国总计20 448个采样点。全国茶园土壤平均pH为4.73,其中江西省茶园土壤平均pH最低,仅为3.86,山东省茶园土壤平均pH最高,达到5.76。通常茶树最适宜的土壤pH在4.5—5.5之间,广东、广西、贵州、湖北、海南、湖南、江苏、陕西、西藏、云南和浙江10个省份的土壤平均pH在此区间。安徽、福建、江西和四川等4个省份的茶园土壤平均pH低于4.5,分别为4.19、4.33、3.86和3.97,属于严重酸化土壤。河南和山东两省的茶园土壤平均pH高于5.5,分别为5.54和5.76（表4）。

Table 1
表1
表1各茶树种植省份和全国茶园土壤平均pH
Table 1Soil pH of the different tea cultivation provinces and the whole country
省份 Province
安徽
Anhui		福建
Fujian		广东
Guangdong		广西
Guangxi		贵州
Guizhou		湖北
Hubei		海南
Hainan		河南
Henan		湖南
Hunan		江苏
Jiangsu		江西
Jiangxi		四川
Sichuan		山东
Shandong		陕西
Shannxi		西藏
Xizang		云南
Yunnan		浙江
Zhejiang		全国
Whole
country
文献数量
Number of
papers		5222181017672352171099
取样点数
Number of
points		1129432943077612282032385231341367217016840448382720448
平均pH
Averaged
pH		4.194.334.524.664.685.274.585.544.544.593.863.975.765.454.784.854.934.73

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2.2 全国各省茶园土壤酸化程度

土壤酸化程度方面,共收集到40篇文献,涵盖12个茶叶种植省份。其中福建省文献数量最多,为10篇,贵州、海南、河南和江西省只有1篇。每个省份最少采样点20个（海南省）,最多采样点达到7 812个（福建省）,全国总计13 506个采样点。从全国范围来看,超过52.0%的茶园土壤pH＜4.5,处于严重酸化程度,不利于茶树的生长。只有41.0%的茶园土壤处于4.5＜pH＜5.5这一最适宜茶树生长的区间。另外,pH＞5.5的茶园土壤只占7.0%。各省份之间存在差异,其中福建、贵州、海南、河南、江苏、江西和云南等7个省份有超过50%的茶园土壤pH在＜4.5这一土壤严重酸化区间。广东、海南、湖南、四川和浙江5个省份有超过50%以上的茶园土壤的pH位于4.5—5.5这一最适宜茶树生长的区间（表2）。

Table 2
表2
表2通过文献收集分析各省茶园土壤pH分布情况
Table 2Soil pH distribution in different levels of acidification of the different tea cultivation provinces and the whole country
省份
Province		文献数目
Number of papers		取样点数
Number of samples		pH＜4.5
(%)		4.5＜pH＜5.5
(%)		pH＞5.5
(%)
福建 Fujian10781265.431.53.1
广东 Guangdong310432.960.27.0
贵州Guizhou120178.118.93.0
湖北 Hubei751640.441.718.0
海南 Hainan12050.050.00.0
河南 Henan114767.033.00.0
湖南 Hunan343536.357.46.3
江苏 Jiangsu35263.336.70.0
江西 Jiangxi1106100.00.00.0
四川 Sichuan212314.668.317.1
云南 Yunnan264100.00.00.0
浙江 Zhejiang6392627.458.614.0
全国 Whole country401350652.041.07.0

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2.3 茶园与邻近森林或者荒地等自然土壤比较

我们搜集到22篇包含茶园和周边森林或者荒地的土壤pH方面的文献。森林土壤平均pH为5.17,比茶园土壤的4.28高0.89个单位（表3）。在所有文献中,森林土壤pH均高于茶园土壤pH,其中最小差值为0.27个单位,最大差值为2.37个单位。

Table 3
表3
表3茶园与附近森林土壤pH比较
Table 3Soil pH of the tea garden and adjacent forest
茶园
Tea		森林
Forest		森林-茶园
Forest - Tea		(森林-茶园)/茶园(%)
(Forest - Tea)/Tea (%)
平均值 Averaged4.285.170.8916.8
最小值 Min3.523.870.275.6
25% Q3.914.700.4810.1
中位数Median4.295.200.7514.0
75% Q4.605.711.2922.9
最大值Max5.536.212.3739.8

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本研究还对文献中对应的森林和茶园土壤pH相减,计算出这些差值的平均值、最小值、25%Q、中位数、75%Q和最大值,列于表3中第4列。同时对文献中对应的森林和茶园土壤pH数据相减后再除以茶园土壤pH数据,再计算这些值的平均值、最小值、25%Q、中位数、75%Q和最大值,列于表3中第5列。

2.4 安溪县和松阳县不同作物种植体系土壤pH的差异

利用全国测土配方施肥项目所获得数据,对福建省安溪县和浙江省松阳县不同种植体系下土壤pH进行比较发现,与水稻和果蔬等其他作物相比,茶园土壤具有更低的土壤pH（表4）。安溪县茶园土壤平均pH为4.2,分别比水稻和果蔬等土壤pH低1.1和2.0 个单位。而且茶园土壤pH＜4.5的比例高达72.5%,远高于水稻和果蔬的12.3和7.7%。松阳县茶园土壤平均pH为5.1,分别比水稻和果蔬等土壤pH低0.1和0.3个单位。松阳县土壤pH主要在4.5—5.5这一区间,其中茶园、水稻和果蔬等作物在此区间的比例分别占到70.9%、83.0%和71.0%。

Table 4
表4
表4安溪县和松阳县茶园、水稻和果蔬等不同作物体系下土壤pH
Table 4Soil pH of tea garden, rice and vegetable or fruit in the countries of Anxi and Songyang
地点
Site		作物
Crop		采样点数
Number of point		pH＜4.5
(%)		4.5＜pH＜5.5
(%)		pH＞5.5
(%)		平均值
Average		最小值
Min		25% Q中位数
Median		75% Q最大值
Max
安溪
Anxi		茶叶Tea499272.524.82.74.23.03.84.14.57.3
水稻 Rice5712.356.131.65.33.85.05.25.76.5
果蔬等 Vegetable137.723.169.26.24.05.36.87.07.1
松阳
Songyang		茶叶Tea44011.670.917.55.13.24.75.15.36.3
水稻Rice7591.683.015.45.24.05.05.25.47.7
果蔬等Vegetable2249.471.019.65.44.24.85.35.58.3

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3 讨论

我国农田土壤酸化作为土壤退化的一个方面越来越严重,成为农业可持续发展的一个重要限制因素[13-16]。我们的研究结果发现,我国主要产茶省份茶园土壤平均pH为4.73。与我国森林土壤5.74的土壤平均pH相比,要低1.01个单位[17];与我国主要经济作物土壤平均pH相比也要低0.85个单位[16];更是远远低于全国农业技术推广服务中心 2015 年公布的2005—2014年全国测土配方施肥土壤基础养分数据中6.7这一全国土壤平均pH[18]。同时,各省份之间差别很大,山东和河南省茶园土壤平均pH在5.5以上,分别达到5.76和5.54。这主要是由于山东和河南省茶园主要分布在日照、青岛和信阳等几个地方,该地区土壤以碱性为主。而处于我国南方红黄壤区的福建、广东、广西和贵州等地土壤平均pH均在5.0以下,尤其是江西和四川省的茶园土壤平均pH在4.0以下,分别低至3.86和3.97,属于严重酸化土壤。这主要与当地土壤类型本身就是酸性土壤有关[19]。

土壤pH在各区间的分布也是反映土壤酸化程度的一个重要指标。一般认为4.5—5.5是茶树生长最适宜的土壤pH范围。我们研究发现,全国只有41%的茶园土壤pH在4.5—5.5这一区间。高达52%的土壤pH在4.5以下,属于不适宜茶树生长的pH范围（表2）。根据全国农业技术推广服务中心 2015 年公布的2005—2014 年全国测土配方施肥土壤基础养分数据,湖南、浙江、广东、江西和福建5个省份农田土壤平均pH低于5.5的分别占到29.2%、41.9%、54.3%、92.3%和85.4%[18]。我们对这几个省份的研究发现,茶园土壤平均pH低于5.5的比例分别高达93.7%、86.0%、93.0%、100%和96.9%（表2）。因此需要通过各种土壤改良措施提高茶园土壤pH,保障茶叶绿色高产和安全。

与森林和其他作物种植体系相比,通常茶园土壤具有更低的土壤pH。在我们的研究中,与周边森林或者荒地相比,茶园土壤平均pH要低0.89个单位（表3）。同时对两个典型产茶县不同作物土壤pH的研究发现,茶园土壤不仅平均pH要低于水稻和果蔬等土壤,而且土壤pH＜4.5的比例也远远大于水稻和果蔬等种植体系。

造成茶园土壤酸化的因素众多,主要的致酸因素包括：（1）茶树根系分泌H+,以及草酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸等有机酸类物质,这些物质解离产生有机酸根阴离子和H+,强降雨条件下有机酸根离子淋洗出土壤造成土壤酸化[20]。（2）铝在茶树-土壤过程中的生物地球化学循环。一方面,茶树对铝的吸收累积能力强,在吸收大量铝的同时向土壤中释放H+ 造成土壤酸化[21-22]。另一方面,土壤中铝被吸收后随修剪枝叶返回土壤,而钾、钙、钠和镁等盐基离子淋洗出土壤,造成土壤中铝的累积,从而造成土壤酸化[23-24]。（3）氮肥大量施用,尤其是铵态氮肥在茶园大量施用。一方面茶树在吸收铵态氮肥的同时释放H+ [25-26];另一方面铵态氮在土壤中发生硝化反应释放H+[27-30]。此外,强降雨下硝态氮被淋洗出土壤的同时带走大量盐基离子,造成土壤酸中和能力的下降[5]。

大量研究表明,长期施用有机肥或者将有机肥与化肥配合施用可以维持土壤酸碱平衡,减缓土壤酸化[15, 31-32]。这主要是由于有机肥能够补充植物吸收带走和伴随阴离子淋洗损失的土壤盐基离子,提高土壤缓冲能力。同时有机肥含有大量有机质,对土壤盐基离子具有很强的吸附能力,从而降低其淋洗损失,因此长期施用有机肥能够提高土壤阳离子交换量,提高土壤酸缓冲容量[33-34]。而我国茶园普遍存在氮肥用量高,氮肥利用效率低,而有机肥用量严重不足的问题,进一步加剧了土壤酸化[35-36]。因此,茶园生产管理中一方面要降低氮肥的施用量,另一方面增加有机肥施用量,从而防止茶园土壤进一步酸化。

4 结论

我国茶园土壤平均pH为4.73,而且只有41%的茶园土壤处于4.5＜pH＜5.5这一最适宜茶树生长的区间,高达52%的土壤pH在4.5以下,处于严重酸化程度。与其他农田和森林土壤相比,茶园土壤具有较低的土壤pH。因此,为保障我国茶产业绿色可持续发展,必须采取适当的农业生产管理措施防止土壤进一步酸化。

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