Abstract 【Objective】 The effects of different mulching methods on soil water, temperature and potato growth in dry farmland of northwest China were studied. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 for two consecutive years, and three mulching patterns were set up: full mulching of furrows and ridges with plastic film (DD), half film mulching of ridge and furrow (DB) and dual-mulching of ridge and furrow (DJ), the conventional flat field without mulching was used as the control check (CK). 【Result】 The soil water content with mulching treatments at the 0-200 cm soil layer during the whole growth period was higher than that under CK, especially the soil water retention effect under DJ treatment after 70-90 d sowing was the best. Different mulching treatments could reduce the soil water coefficient of variation at 0-200 cm soil layer, and the DJ treatment had the strongest vertical stability of soil water. The DD treatment had significant thermal insulation effect in 0-15 cm soil layer after 30-50 d sowing, while the DJ treatment had double effects of cooling and increasing temperature at 0-25 cm layer during the whole growth period, compared with CK. All the mulching treatments could reduce the variation coefficient of soil temperature at 0-25 cm soil layer, and the variation coefficient of soil temperature under DJ treatment was the smallest, while the vertical stability of soil temperature was the best. Mulching could increase the potato emergence rate, and affect emergence days. The average emergence days under DD treatment was 4.5 d earlier than that under CK, while DJ treatment delayed 3.5 d. The cumulative dynamics of biomass during the growth period of potato were consistent with the logistic growth equation. The theoretical value and growth rate of biomass under DJ treatment were the largest, and the rapid growth duration was the longest. 【Conclusion】 Through the principal component analysis, it was found that besides some factors of potato biomass, number of potatoes per plant, and potato per hectare, the soil water had a higher effect on potato growth than soil temperature, which was an important factor limiting potato high yield. DJ could improve soil moisture status and maintain relatively stable soil. Water temperature environment was beneficial to potato growth and tuber yield. Keywords:mulching of furrow-and-ridge;soil water;soil temperature;variation coefficient;potato biomass
PDF (643KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 普雪可, 吴春花, 勉有明, 苗芳芳, 侯贤清, 李荣. 不同覆盖方式对旱作马铃薯生长及土壤水热特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(4): 734-747 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.006 PU XueKe, WU ChunHua, MIAN YouMing, MIAO FangFang, HOU XianQing, LI Rong. Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Growth of Potato and Characteristics of Soil Water and Temperature in Dry Farmland[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(4): 734-747 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.006
图中误差棒表示P=0.05水平上的最小显著性差异(LSD) The error bars represent the least significant differences (LSD) at P= 0.05 Fig. 2Vertical change of soil water content at 0-200 cm soil layers during the potato growing period under different treatments
Table 2 表2 表2不同处理下马铃薯地上部生物量动态累积模型参数特征值 Table 2Parameter eigenvalues of biomass accumulation model of potato above-ground biomass under different treatments
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
拟合参数 Regression parameter
R2
快速生长期特征值 Characteristic Value of Rapid Growth period
Km ( t·hm-2)
a
b
T1 (d)
T2 (d)
T0(d)
ΔT(d)
Vmax ( t·hm-2·d-1)
2015
DD
13.2
103.1
0.059
0.991**
56.3
100.9
44.6
78.6
0.19
DJ
15.0
96.3
0.057
0.976**
57.0
103.2
46.21
80.1
0.21
DB
9.3
158.7
0.069
0.987**
54.3
92.5
38.2
73.4
0.16
CK
8.5
181.9
0.072
0.97*0*
54.0
90.6
36.6
72.3
0.15
2016
DD
13.0
64.8
0.061
0.987**
46.8
90.0
43.14
68.4
0.20
DJ
14.3
85.1
0.059
0.993**
53.0
97.6
44.6
75.3
0.21
DB
7.3
69.8
0.064
0.971**
45.8
86.9
41.1
66.3
0.12
CK
6.5
64.5
0.066
0.964**
43.2
83.1
39.9
63.1
0.11
Km为地上生物量的理论最大值;a、b 为特定拟合参数;T1为快速生长起始期;T2为快速生长结束期;T0为快速生长持续期;ΔT 为最快生长点时间;Vmax为快速生长期最大累积速率。**表示在P<0.01水平差异显著。下同 Km is the theoretical maximum of aboveground biomass; a and b are regression parameters; T1 is the beginning period of rapid growth; T2 is the end stage of rapid growth; T0 is the duration of rapid growth; ΔT is the fastest growing point time; Vmax is maximum accumulation rate during fastest growing point. ** indicates significant difference at P<0.01. The same as below
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