删除或更新信息,请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

基于簇毛麦No.1026转录组的SSR序列分析及其PCR标记开发

本站小编 Free考研考试/2021-12-26

陈竟男,1,2, 马晓兰1, 王振3, 李仕金1, 谢皓,2, 叶兴国1, 林志珊,11 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程/农业部麦类生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,北京 100081
2 北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京 102206
3 北方民族大学生物工程与科学学院,银川 750021

SSR Sequences and Development of PCR Markers Based on Transcriptome of Dasypyrum villosum No.1026

CHEN JingNan,1,2, MA XiaoLan1, WANG Zhen3, LI ShiJin1, XIE Hao,2, YE XingGuo1, LIN ZhiShan,1 1 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
2 School of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206
3 College of Bioscience & Bioengineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021;

通讯作者: 谢皓,E-mail:xiehao126@126.com 林志珊,E-mail:linzhishan@caas.cn

第一联系人: 陈竟男,E-mail: 1293498949@qq.com
收稿日期:2018-07-1接受日期:2018-09-19网络出版日期:2019-01-01
基金资助:国家重点研发计划.2016YFD0102002
国家重点研发计划.2016YFD0102001
中国农业科学院科技创新工程2060302-2-17年.


Received:2018-07-1Accepted:2018-09-19Online:2019-01-01


摘要
【目的】 探究从前苏联引进的簇毛麦No.1026(Dv#4)的EST-SSR序列特征及其在染色体的分布,分析它们在不同簇毛麦间及与小麦间的多态性,为其进一步的研究与利用提供依据。【方法】通过Illumina HiSeq测序获得No.1026植株的转录组序列,利用MISA软件分析转录组SSR序列及特征,采用Primer 3设计SSR引物,随机合成238对引物,对小麦中国春与簇毛麦Dv#4和引自英国剑桥的簇毛麦Dv#2的基因组DNA进行扩增,在琼脂糖凝胶上分离评价扩增产物的多态性,并利用一套小麦-簇毛麦异染色体系进行扩增分析。【结果】 检测了No.1026总长62.76 Mb的转录组序列,发现10 497个SSR位点,它们分布于8 735条Unigene上。在1—6个核苷酸的重复单元中,单、双、三碱基的重复占95.85%,其中三核苷酸串联重复数量最多,占SSR总数的50.33%,而CCG/CGG基序的重复占三核苷酸串联重复的41.66%;单核苷酸重复是第二大类型,出现频率为27.13%,其中A/T重复占单核苷酸重复的74.58%。二核苷酸重复类型的数量位列第三,占SSR总数的18.39%。在238对EST-SSR引物中,88对在中国春与簇毛麦(包括Dv#2和Dv#4)之间的扩增产物显示多态性;8对只在簇毛麦和单一异染色体系扩增;4对可在簇毛麦和多个异染色体系中特异扩增;但多数可在簇毛麦中清晰扩增的引物不能在任何异染色体系中扩增,推测可能与簇毛麦基因组及染色体导入小麦过程中的变异有关;47对(19.74%)在2份不同来源的簇毛麦Dv#2和Dv#4之间的扩增产物呈现多态性。利用1对EST-SSR引物和1个EST-PCR标记检测48个簇毛麦植株,证明多态性的SSR引物可有效用于检测簇毛麦的异质性。【结果】 簇毛麦No.1026(Dv#4)的转录组中存在丰富的SSR序列,其中CCG/CGG、A/T和AG/CT等三核苷酸、单核苷酸和二核苷酸是其最主要的串联重复基序。部分EST-SSR的侧翼保守序列与单一或若干外源染色体特异相关联,据此开发特异的分子标记,可用于跟踪检测小麦背景中特异的簇毛麦染色体或染色体片段。Dv#4与Dv#2间的部分EST-SSR具有多态性,提示2份不同来源簇毛麦的表达序列间存在一定程度的遗传差异,因此,簇毛麦Dv#4值得进一步的发掘研究。
关键词: 簇毛麦;转录组;EST-SSR;异染色体系;染色体定位;遗传多样性

Abstract
【Objective】The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of the EST-SSR sequences of a Dasypyrum villosum accession No.1026 (Dv#4) introduced from the former Soviet Union, and their distributions on chromosomes and polymorphism in different D. villosum accessions and between Dv#4 and common wheat. 【Method】Transcriptome sequences of Dv#4 plants were obtained by Illumina HiSeq sequencing and used to search and analyze the SSR sequences using MISA software and design primers by Primer 3. In total, 238 pairs of primers were selected randomly for synthesis and used to amplify the genomic DNAs of wheat Chinese Spring (CS) and the two different D. villosum accessions. The polymorphisms of the PCR products on agarose gel were evaluated. Further, the features of their chromosome distributions in Dv#4 were studied by using a set of wheat- D. villosum alien chromosome lines (including disomic addition lines and disomic substitution lines). 【Result】 A total sequence length of 62.76 Mb was detected and 10 497 SSR loci were found in the transcriptome data. They are involved in 8 735 unigenes. Repeated unit of mono-, di-, tri- nucleotides are the main type, holding 95.85% of all loci among 1-6 nucleotides repeats, among which tri-nucleotide is the richest component that makes up of 50.33% and contains CCG/CGG motif by 41.66%. The next component is mono-nucleotide tandem repeat, and its occurrence frequency is 18.39%, and A/T repeats occupy 74.58% in this type. Di-nucleotide ranks the 3rd, and it holds 18.39% in the total SSR loci. Among 238 pairs of randomly synthetized EST-SSR primers, 88 pairs amplified polymorphic fragments between CS and D. villosum (including Dv#2 and Dv#4); 8 pairs only had amplifications in D. villosum and some single alien chromosome lines; 4 pairs could specifically amplify bands in D. villosum and multiple alien chromosome lines. But, many primers which had amplification in both D. villosum accessions had no amplification in any alien chromosome lines. Therefore, it can be inferred that variations on the flanking conserved sequences of SSR might occur during the transferring of the exogenous genome or chromosomes into wheat. Additionally, 47 pairs of primers (19.74%) showed polymorphisms between Dv#2 and Dv#4. By using a pair of EST-SSR primer and a PCR marker, respectively, polymorphic amplicons were detected in 48 D. villosum plants, indicating that polymorphic SSR primer can be used to detect the heterogeneity of D. villosum effectively.【Conclusion】 D. villosum Dv#4 has abundant SSR sequences in its transcriptome, of which, CCG/CGG, A/T, AG/CT and other tri-, mono-, and di-nucleotide are the main tandem repeats. The flanking conserved sequences of partial EST-SSR in Dv#4 are associated with a single or several chromosomes specifically, which provides an ideal sequence resource for the development of specific molecular markers to track and detect D. villosum chromosomes or chromosome fragments in wheat background. Some of the EST-SSR polymorphism between Dv#4 and Dv#2 indicates that there is a certain degree of genetic diversity in some of the expressed sequences between the two different origin D. villosum accessions. Therefore, Dv#4 is valuable to be further investigated.
Keywords:Dasypyrum villosum;transcriptome;EST-SSR;alien chromosome lines;chromosome localization;genetic diversity


PDF (1709KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文
本文引用格式
陈竟男, 马晓兰, 王振, 李仕金, 谢皓, 叶兴国, 林志珊. 基于簇毛麦No.1026转录组的SSR序列分析及其PCR标记开发[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(1): 1-10 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.001
CHEN JingNan, MA XiaoLan, WANG Zhen, LI ShiJin, XIE Hao, YE XingGuo, LIN ZhiShan. SSR Sequences and Development of PCR Markers Based on Transcriptome of Dasypyrum villosum No.1026[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(1): 1-10 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.001


0 引言

【研究意义】簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy, syn. Haynaldia villosa Schur)是小麦的二倍体近源种属(2n=2x=14,VV),为一年生异花授粉植物,主要分布于地中海的东北部和高加索地区[1]。由于簇毛麦表现出许多生物胁迫的抗性(如抗条锈、秆锈、白粉、梭条花叶病毒病、瘿螨等多种小麦主要病虫害)和非生物胁迫抗性(如耐寒、耐盐、抗旱),同时拥有分蘖力强、生长繁茂、多小花、籽粒蛋白质含量高等重要农艺性状[1,2,3],因此,受到广泛关注,并被认为是小麦改良的潜在优异基因源。【前人研究进展】前人利用不同来源的簇毛麦开展了有益基因导入小麦的研究,培育了硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体[4,5,6]、普通小麦-簇毛麦异附加系、异代换系和易位系[6,7,8,9,10],鉴定了位于6V#2S和6#4S上的白粉病抗性基因[7,8,9,10],并克隆了主效抗病基因Pm21[11,12]。ZHANG等[13]培育了抗小麦梭条花叶病毒病的T4VS.4DL易位系,将抗梭条花叶病毒病基因Wss1定位在4VS上。ZHAO等[14]进一步利用CSph1b诱导获得4VS小片段易位,将Wss1定位在4VS染色体臂近端部FL为0.78—1.00区间。研究还表明,簇毛麦所特有的护颖颖脊刚毛的形态特征由2V染色体短臂上的基因所控制[15],而1V、5V染色体分别携带高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)基因Glu-V1和籽粒软质基因Dina-D1a/Dinb-D1a。此外,5V还具有成株期的白粉病抗性,它们已被导入普通小麦,分别育成T1DL·1VS、T1DS·1VL和T5VS·5DL易位系[16,17,18]。QI等[19]利用一套源于簇毛麦Dv#3,并由LUKASZEWSKI培育的小麦-簇毛麦二体异附加系进行鉴定,发现DA6V#3对锈病小种Ug99表现出较好的抗性,开发了7对6V#3特异的EST-STS标记用于从6D和6V#3染色体双单体的F2群体中筛选易位系,并在F3世代获得生长和育性正常的纯合易位系T6AS.6V#3L和T6AL.6V#3S,随之将抗锈病相关的基因定位于染色体长臂6V#3L,命名为Sr52Sr52是一个温敏型基因,其作用在16℃最有效,而28℃失效。【本研究切入点】上述研究所涉及的簇毛麦大多来源于Dv#2以及Dv#3,而从前苏联引进的簇毛麦No.1026(Dv#4)除了6V#4染色体代换系及6V#4S.6DL易位系外,涉及其他染色体性状的研究鲜见报道。而且,尽管先前的研究表明,6V#4与6V#2间在病虫抗性[20]、染色体结构[21]、基因序列[22,23,24,25,26]间均存在多态性,但不同来源的簇毛麦基因组间的多态性还缺少深入研究。据报道,SSR标记的多态性明显高于其他类型的分子标记[27,28],但传统开发SSR标记引物过程繁琐,需要构建文库、筛选重复序列、测序等环节,成本高,时间长[29]。近年来,随着测序技术的发展及成本的下降,利用EST或转录组序列开发SSR标记变得更为简便快速[30,31]。因此,EST-SSR标记目前已被广泛应用于植物的遗传连锁图谱构建[32]、种质资源的遗传多样性分析[33,34]等研究。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究利用簇毛麦No.1026转录组测序数据分析表达序列中的SSR序列及特征;基于侧翼保守区序列设计引物,分析EST-SSR序列在不同簇毛麦间的多态性;利用一套小麦-簇毛麦附加系或代换系对这些标记进行染色体定位;筛选在小麦中国春与簇毛麦间具有多态性的标记,为No.1026的进一步研究和利用奠定基础。

1 材料与方法

1.1 植物材料

材料包括2份不同来源的簇毛麦:英国剑桥引进的簇毛麦和前苏联引进的簇毛麦No.1026,按照对不同来源簇毛麦的区分方法[35,10],分别用Dv#2和Dv#4表示。2份簇毛麦的种子均由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所陈孝研究员保存并提供,其中,源于英国剑桥的簇毛麦Dv#2原由南京农业大学陈佩度教授惠赠;小麦-簇毛麦异附加系DA2V#2、DA3V#2、DA4V#2、DA5V#2、DA6V#2和DA7V#2由南京农业大学王秀娥教授惠赠;江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所别同德博士提供了小麦-簇毛麦异代换系1V#2(1D)的DNA。为方便描述,本文将上述异附加系与异代换系统称为异染色体系,用于EST-SSR的染色体定位分析。中国农业科学院作物科学研究所小麦抗逆分子育种课题组收集保存的小麦品种中国春为对照。

1.2 转录组数据获得及EST-SSR引物设计

转录组数据来源于笔者所在实验室2016年对前苏联簇毛麦No.1026(Dv#4)进行高通量测序的结果[25,26]:取温室盆栽的植株成株期叶片,利用Trizol法提取RNA,委托北京诺禾致源生物信息科技有限公司完成cDNA文库构建和HiSeq测序。使用软件MISA(27/09/2010)http://pgrc.ipk-gatersleben.de/misa/misa.html进行SSR分析:设定各个重复单元的最少重复次数分别为1—10、2—6、3—5、4—5、5—5和6—5,即:以单核苷酸为重复单元时,其重复数至少为10次才可被检测到;以双核苷酸为重复单元时,其最少重复数为6次;以三、四、五、六核苷酸为重复单元的重复次数均需达到5次以上。找出SSR序列之后,采用Primer3进行SSR引物设计。

1.3 DNA提取及其引物扩增条件

采用DNA提取试剂盒(北京康为世纪生物科技有限公司)按说明书提取每份材料新鲜叶片的基因组DNA,并稀释成100 ng·μL-1,4℃保存备用。238对随机选取的EST-SSR引物由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成。先用中国春、DV#2、DV#4的DNA进行引物初筛选;对小麦与簇毛麦扩增产物间具有多态性的引物进一步用一套DV#2异附加系进行扩增,分析RST-SSR位点的染色体分布。PCR扩增体系为MIX 7.5 μL、上下游引物各0.5 μL、模板1 μL和dd H2O 5.5 μL,混合均匀后置于PCR仪(T100-Thermal Cycler, BIO-RAD)中扩增。扩增程序为95℃ 5 min;94℃ 30 s,54—60℃ 30 s(退火温度因不同引物而异),72℃ 1 min,34个循环;72℃ 8 min,4℃保存。

2 结果

2.1 源于簇毛麦Dv#4转录组数据的SSR序列构成特性分析

在总长62.76 Mb的转录组47 384条序列中,共检测到10 497个SSR位点,平均每5.98 kb有1个位点,它们分布于8 735条Unigene上。其中含有1个以上SSR位点的Unigene有1 442条。SSR有单一型和混合型2种类型,单一型重复基序的SSR位点数9 979个,混合型重复基序的位点数为518个。SSR包括单碱基重复2 848个、双碱基重复1 930个、三碱基重复5 283个、四碱基重复394个、五碱基重复36个和六碱基重复6个(表1)。可见,1—3个碱基重复是No.1026转录序列中主要的SSR重复类型,而三核苷酸串联重复数量最多,占SSR总数的50.33%,其构成基序主要有CCG/CGG、AGG/CCT、AGC/CTG、ACC/GGT、AAG/CTT、ACG/CGT等10种,其中CCG/CGG基序占三核苷酸串联重复的41.66%。单核苷酸重复类型排列第二位,其出现频率为27.13%,其中A/T重复明显多于G/C重复,占单核苷酸重复的74.58%。二核苷酸重复类型排列第三位,其出现频率为18.39%,以AG为主的重复基序占二核苷酸重复类型的54.61%,而且在拟南芥EST-SSR中极为罕见的GC基序在No.1026中拥有二核苷酸重复的8.13%。4—6核苷酸的重复基序仅为SSR总数的4.15%。

Table 1
表1
表1Dv#4的EST-SSR构成
Table 1EST-SSR composition in Dv#4
重复单元大小
Repeat unit size
构成比例
Composition ratio (%)
重复基序(位点数)
Repeat motif (locus number)
重复次数
Repeats
单核苷酸Mononucleotide27.13A/T(2124)、C/G(724)10—23
双核苷酸Dinucleotide18.39AG/CT(1054)、AC/GT(546)、AT/AT(173)、CG/CG(157)6—12
三核苷酸Trinucleotide50.33CCG/CGG(2201)、AGG/CCT(1003)、AGC/CTG(756)、
ACC/GGT(347)、AAG/CTT(322)、ACG/CGT(265)、ATC/ATG(159)、AAC/GTT(135)、AAT/ATT(48)、
ACT/AGT(47)
5—10
四核苷酸Tetranucleotide3.75AGGG/CCCT(46)、ACGC/GCGT (40)、ATCC/ATGG(37)、
AAGG/CCTT(35)、AGGC/GCCT(23)、ACAT/ATGT(21)、
AGCG/CGCT(21)、AAAG/CTTT(20)、AAAT/ATTT(17)、
AGCC/CTGG(16)、ACGG/CCGT(16)、CCCG/CGGG(15)、
AAAC/GTTT(14)、AGAT/ATCT(13)、AATC/ATTG(10)、
CCGG/CCGG(7)、AACC/GGTT(6)、ACAG/CTGT(5)、
AGCT/AGCT(4)、ATCG/ATCG(3)、ACTG/AGTC(3)、
ACTC/AGTG(3)、AATG/ATTC(3)、AAGC/CTTG(3)、
ATGC/ATGC(2)、ACGT/ACGT(2)、ACCG/CGGT(2)、
ACCC/GGGT(2)、AAGT/ACTT(2)、AACG/CGTT(2)、
ACCT/AGGT(1)
5—6
五核苷酸Pentanucleotide0.34AGAGG/CCTCT(5)、AGAGC/CTCTG(4)、AAGGG/CCCTT(2) 、ACAGC/CTGTG(2)、ACCAG/CTGGT(2)、AGGCG/CCTCG(2)、 ATCCC/ATGGG(2)、AAAAG/CTTTT(1)、AAACC/GGTTT(1)、 AAACT/AGTTT(1)、AAATC/ATTTG(1)、AAGCT/AGCTT(1)、 AAGGC/CCTTG(1)、AATAC/ATTGT(1)、ACACC/GGTGT(1)、ACCCC/GGGGT(1)、ACCGC/CGGTG(1)、ACGAG/CGTCT(1)、 ACGGC/CCGTG(1)、ACTAG/AGTCT(1)、AGCCC/CTGGG(1)、 AGCCG/CGGCT(1)、AGGGG/CCCCT(1)、ATCCG/ATCGG(1)5—6
六核苷酸
Hexanucleotide
0.06AAAGCC/GGCTTT(3)、AAACGC/CGTTTG(1)、AATGCC/ATTGGC(1)、ACCAGC/CTGGTG(1)、ACCAGC/CTGGTG(1)6—8

新窗口打开|下载CSV

2.2 SSR引物在小麦与簇毛麦间扩增的多态性及在簇毛麦染色体的分布

随机合成238对引物,对包括单核苷酸、二核苷酸、三核苷酸、四核苷酸4种主要重复单元的SSR位点进行引物有效性验证,对CS、簇毛麦Dv#2和Dv#4进行扩增分析。结果显示,88对引物在CS与簇毛麦之间具有扩增产物的多态性。图1显示了部分引物的扩增结果。图中可见,多态性类型分为2种:类型1在簇毛麦中清晰扩增的引物在小麦中没有明显的扩增带,如图1中的5、6、8、24、44、51、54和65,表现为有、无的多态性;类型2则表现为在簇毛麦与小麦间扩增产物的长度多态性。将这些与小麦具有多态性的引物进一步对1V#2(1D)异代换系以及DA2V#2-7V#2异附加系进行扩增,8对引物只在簇毛麦和单一异染色体系中扩增出相同的目的条带(图2),表明这些引物位于簇毛麦单一染色体上,可作为这些染色体特异的EST-SSR标记。

本研究对每一个SSR位点都分别设计了3组引物,8584.0的3组引物p1、p2和p3都可在簇毛麦和4V异附加系扩增出特异带(图2),说明该SSR位点确实位于4V染色体上。引物3155.0p3和13764.0p1可在簇毛麦和二体异附加系DA2V#2特异扩增,而引物18808F3可在簇毛麦和二体异附加系DA5V#2特异扩增。引物1211F2和12613.0F3除了在簇毛麦扩增外,还分别在二体异附加系3V和6V扩增。此外,有4对引物可同时在簇毛麦和多个异染色体系中特异扩增(图3),表明这些SSR位点分布在簇毛麦多条染色体上。其中,引物18131.3751可在簇毛麦DV#2不同的异染色体系上扩增出分子量大小明显不同的产物。

图1

新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
图1EST-SSR引物对CS与2份簇毛麦的扩增结果

M:Marker 2000的部分区段,条带对应于100、250和500 bp;1—65表示65对不同引物,其扩增产物显示小麦与簇毛麦或簇毛麦间的多态性
Fig. 1Amplification patterns of CS and two D. villosum accessions by EST- SSR primers

M: Parts of Marker 2000, the bands are corresponding to 100 bp, 250 bp and 500 bp in size, respectively. 1-65 indicate 65 pairs of EST-SSR primers, the amplified products showing the PCR polymorphic fragments between wheat and D. villosum or between two D. villosum accessions


2.3 特异SSR扩增产物在不同簇毛麦间的多态性

在238对SSR引物中,有47对引物(19.74%)在Dv#2和Dv#4之间显示出多态性。从图1可以看出,部分引物如2、3、4、32和44在Dv#4中具有预期扩增条带,而在Dv#2则没有明显的扩增带。而引物11、14、15、31、42、45、61、63、64及65则在2份簇毛麦间显示扩增片段长度多态性。由于这些SSR引物来自簇毛麦的转录组,说明这两份不同来源簇毛麦的表达序列存在着差异。

2.4 新开发分子标记对簇毛麦异质性的鉴定

曾经将簇毛麦Dv#2与簇毛麦Dv#4近距离种植,用开发的EST-SSR引物225(225F:5’-ACCAGTTGTT AAGGTGGGCC-3’,225R:5’-ACCGTTGTTACGCCG TACAA-3’)和1个定位于6VS(6V-12[26])的EST-PCR标记检测从簇毛麦Dv#2衍生的部分后代植株。6V-12可在原始的2个簇毛麦Dv#2和Dv#4扩增出多态性片段,对48个簇毛麦Dv#2衍生的植株无一例外都稳定扩增出来自6V#2S的特异带,没有6V#4S的特异带。但EST-SSR引物225则扩增出3种类型,不同植株在该SSR位点显示了分离(图4)。说明2份近距离种植的簇毛麦间可能曾经发生过天然的异交,也表明了SSR引物可有效用于簇毛麦异质性的鉴定。

3 讨论

3.1 EST-SSR序列在簇毛麦基因组的构成及其染色体的分布

本研究对来自前苏联簇毛麦No.1026转录组数据的分析结果表明,No.1026的表达序列中存在丰富的SSR序列。根据对拟南芥的研究[36,37],发现转录区的SSR分布呈现从5’端到3’端递减的特性,5’UTR的SSR分布频率显著高于其他转录区,且以二核苷酸AG和三核苷酸AAG重复为主,二核苷酸GC重复基序极其罕见。而基因编码区的SSR序列中,92.6%为三核苷酸及六核苷酸的串联重复序列,认为可能与三联体密码子所受的选择压有关。三核苷酸重复基序又以AAG的频率最高,CCG的基序最少。本研究的结果明显不同于拟南芥,整体上,簇毛麦No.1026转录组中三核苷酸的串联重复序列占SSR总数的50.33%。这与前人对水稻、小麦、大豆、玉米等作物[38]以及杉木[39]的研究结果相类似。而且,CCG/CGG是三核苷酸重复的主要基序,其出现频率占三核苷酸重复的41.66%,这一结果与水稻很相似。根据GAO等[38]的研究,水稻的EST中,平均每100 kb就有23.6个CCG基序的SSR重复,而小麦、玉米和大豆分别为10.3、3.5和0.9。GAO等[38]认为许多三核苷酸可能与重要的基因功能相关,如CCG重复可能涉及胁迫抗性、转录调控、代谢酶的合成、信号转导等基因功能。另外,单核苷酸作为簇毛麦转录组SSR的第二大主要的串联重复单元,A/T出现的频率远高于C/G,这一特征与小麦、水稻、玉米、大豆及拟南芥都是相同的[38,36]

图2

新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
图28对EST-SSR引物对CS、1V—7V异染色体系和簇毛麦的扩增图谱

M:Marker 2000,左侧为引物名称,右侧箭头显示引物扩增的特异条带及片段大小。下同
Fig. 2Amplification patterns of CS, 1V-7V alien chromosome lines and D. villosum by 8 pairs of EST-SSR primers

M: Marker 2000, name of primer is indicated on the left side, each of the amplified band is indicated by an arrow on the right side with the fragment size. The same as below


图3

新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
图34对引物对1V—7V异染色体系和Dv#4的扩增图谱

Fig. 3Amplification results of 1V-7V alien chromosome lines and Dv#4 by 4 pairs of primers



图4

新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
图4EST-SSR引物225、EST-PCR引物6VS-12对簇毛麦的扩增图谱

M:Marker 5000;1—16:曾经与簇毛麦Dv#4近距离种植的Dv#2衍生的部分植株,簇毛麦Dv#2和Dv#4为原始亲本
Fig. 4Amplification patterns of D. villosum by EST-SSR primer 225 and EST-PCR primers 6VS-12

M: Marker 2000, 1-16: The offspring individuals of Dv#2 that had been planted closely with Dv#4, D. villosum Dv#2 and Dv#4 are originals, respectively


基于SSR开发的PCR标记具有操作简易的特点,尤其是,来自转录组的SSR直接与功能基因的表达相关,鉴定SSR位点与特定染色体的相关性,开发外源染色体特异的SSR分子标记,对于充分利用转录组的SSR序列资源,辅助筛选和鉴定向小麦基因组转移的簇毛麦染色体及其性状具有十分重要的意义。No.1026迄今还没有整套的附加或代换系,所以,本研究借助了来自英国剑桥的簇毛麦Dv#2的一套异染色体系(附加或代换系)对No.1026的SSR在染色体上的分布进行了调查。虽然结果不能完全代表No.1026,但依然具有一定的参考价值,因为作为基因的一部分,转录序列在种间相对保守,而且本研究选择用于染色体定位的引物都可在2份簇毛麦Dv#2和Dv#4中扩增出大小相似清晰的特异片段。

随机合成的238对引物扩增结果显示:簇毛麦基因组中SSR可能位于单条染色体,也可能分布于多条染色体。但是本研究有许多在簇毛麦可清晰扩增出目的条带的引物在任何一个异染色体系上都无扩增,这可能是由于:源于Dv#2的附加系中,外源染色体并没有完全保持簇毛麦原始亲本中染色体的完整性。因为从簇毛麦到附加系的培育过程中,经历过异源多倍体化(如硬-簇双二倍体的合成)及多次的回交和自交,在异源多倍体化过程中,基因组的重新整合可能出现基因的缺失、删除或突变[40]。事实上,SSR引物是基于SSR序列侧翼的保守序列设计的,这些保守序列的缺失或变异都可能造成扩增的失败。另外,这些来自转录组的SSR引物在基因组扩增时,可能由于内含子或其他插入序列的存在而比预期片段大。

3.2 不同簇毛麦间的遗传多样性

簇毛麦携带许多改良小麦潜在的优良性状,但对不同来源簇毛麦的遗传多样性的研究迄今为止多局限于6V,如研究表明,6V#2和6V#4染色体都携带白粉病抗性基因,而6V#1和6V#3的异染色体系则对白粉菌敏感。此外,不同来源的6VS对瘿螨及其所传播的病毒抗性也存在差异[20]。最近的研究中,至少有10个分子标记显示出6V#2和6V#4间的多态性[22,23,24,25,26]。然而,涉及其他染色体的此类研究还很缺乏。另外,除了白粉病抗性,簇毛麦中控制重要农艺性状的很多基因尚未鉴定和利用。本研究利用来自转录组的SSR序列,对2份不同簇毛麦进行扩增分析,揭示了它们之间存在丰富的多态性。而且,本研究是基于琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术区分样品的多态性的,其分辨率较低,一些原本存在的差异不足以在琼脂糖凝胶上区分。所以,推测实际上簇毛麦间的多态性可能更高。而遗传多样性是研究与利用种质资源的基础。因此,将不同来源簇毛麦导入普通小麦,培育附加、代换或易位系,对其有益基因的发掘、鉴定及在小麦改良中的利用具有重要的意义,而基于基因序列的差异开发的EST-SSR标记在上述过程中也可作为重要的辅助选择的工具。

4 结论

簇毛麦No.1026(Dv#4)的转录组存在大量的SSR序列,其中CCG/CGG、A/T和AG/CT等三核苷酸、单核苷酸和二核苷酸是其最主要的串联重复基序。部分EST-SSR侧翼保守序列与单一或多条外源染色体相关联,据此开发特异的分子标记,可用于跟踪检测小麦背景中特异的簇毛麦染色体或染色体片段。簇毛麦Dv#4与Dv#2间的部分EST-SSR具有多态性,提示2份不同来源的簇毛麦其表达序列间存在一定程度的遗传差异,因此,Dv#4值得进一步的发掘研究。


参考文献 原文顺序
文献年度倒序
文中引用次数倒序
被引期刊影响因子

GR?DZIELEWSKA A . The genus Dasypyrum-part 2
Dasypyrum villosum- a wild species used in wheat improvement. Euphytica, 2006,152:441-454.

[本文引用: 2]

赵万春, 董剑, 陈其皎, 李晓燕, 高翔, 石引刚, 陈良国 . 簇毛麦—用于小麦改良的一种野生植物
草业科学, 2012,29(10):1613-1621.

URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
<p>将小麦野生近缘属的有益性状基因导入普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)已成为目前小麦品种改良的重要而有效的途径之一。簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosa)常被用作改良小麦的一种有效的基因资源,其具有耐寒、分蘖力强、生长繁茂、多小花、籽粒蛋白质含量高、耐盐抗旱和抗多种小麦主要病害等特性。本研究对簇毛麦染色体及其组型和带型、簇毛麦与小麦属的亲缘关系、簇毛麦与小麦属的杂交以及簇毛麦在普通小麦改良中的应用等方面的研究进展进行回顾总结,以期为更好地对簇毛麦的开发利用提供依据。</p>
ZHAO W C, DONG J, CHEN Q J, LI X Y, GAO X, SHI Y G, CHEN L G . Advance in Dasypyrum villosum-a valuable wild species used in wheat improvement
Protacultural Science, 2012,29(10):1613-1621. (in Chinese)

URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
<p>将小麦野生近缘属的有益性状基因导入普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)已成为目前小麦品种改良的重要而有效的途径之一。簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosa)常被用作改良小麦的一种有效的基因资源,其具有耐寒、分蘖力强、生长繁茂、多小花、籽粒蛋白质含量高、耐盐抗旱和抗多种小麦主要病害等特性。本研究对簇毛麦染色体及其组型和带型、簇毛麦与小麦属的亲缘关系、簇毛麦与小麦属的杂交以及簇毛麦在普通小麦改良中的应用等方面的研究进展进行回顾总结,以期为更好地对簇毛麦的开发利用提供依据。</p>

CHEN Q, CONNER R L, LI H, LAROCHE A, GRAF R J, KUZYK A D . Expression of resistance to strip rust, powdery mildew and the wheat curl mite in
Triticum aestivum×Haynaldia villosa lines. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2002,82(2):451-456.

[本文引用: 1]

刘大钧, 陈佩度, 吴沛良, 王耀南, 邱伯行, 王苏玲 . 硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双二倍体
作物学报, 1986,12(3):155-162.

URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
<P>从(<EM>T.durum</EM>×<EM>H.villosa</EM>)F<SUB>1</SUB>的自交和自由授粉后代中,获得了兼具硬粒小麦穗形和簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛、叶片和叶鞘边缘茸毛和对白粉病免疫等双亲性状的结实性正常的植株。经细胞学鉴定,其2n=42,在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期 I(MI)有20.5个二价体,1个左右单价体,在80%左右的花粉母细胞中有21个二价体,对其自交后代连续3年、5个世代的鉴定结果表明,上述性状已基本稳定。用染色体 N——分带技术进行带型分析的结果证明,它是一个包含有硬粒小麦 A、B 染色体组和簇毛麦 V 染色体组的硬粒小麦——簇毛麦双二倍体 AABBVV.该双二倍体株高100—110厘米,穗长9—12厘米,每穗有20—24个小穗,每穗30粒左右,千粒重25—35克,籽粒蛋白质含量20%左右,对白粉病免疫,抗锈病,感染赤霉病。将它与普通小麦(<EM>T.aestivum</EM>)杂交,F<SUB>1</SUB>植株的花粉母细胞在 MI 有14个左右二价体和14个左右单价体,自交结实率仅3%左右。但用普通小麦回交,结实率可逐代提高。在回交后代群体中,已分离出对白粉病免疫的植株,是一个可望在小麦育种计划中利用的新中间型材料。</P>
LIU D J, CHEN P D, WU P L, WANG Y N, QIU B X, WANG S L . Triticum durum-Haynadia villosa amphidiploid. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1986,12(3):155-162. (in Chinese)
URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
<P>从(<EM>T.durum</EM>×<EM>H.villosa</EM>)F<SUB>1</SUB>的自交和自由授粉后代中,获得了兼具硬粒小麦穗形和簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛、叶片和叶鞘边缘茸毛和对白粉病免疫等双亲性状的结实性正常的植株。经细胞学鉴定,其2n=42,在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期 I(MI)有20.5个二价体,1个左右单价体,在80%左右的花粉母细胞中有21个二价体,对其自交后代连续3年、5个世代的鉴定结果表明,上述性状已基本稳定。用染色体 N——分带技术进行带型分析的结果证明,它是一个包含有硬粒小麦 A、B 染色体组和簇毛麦 V 染色体组的硬粒小麦——簇毛麦双二倍体 AABBVV.该双二倍体株高100—110厘米,穗长9—12厘米,每穗有20—24个小穗,每穗30粒左右,千粒重25—35克,籽粒蛋白质含量20%左右,对白粉病免疫,抗锈病,感染赤霉病。将它与普通小麦(<EM>T.aestivum</EM>)杂交,F<SUB>1</SUB>植株的花粉母细胞在 MI 有14个左右二价体和14个左右单价体,自交结实率仅3%左右。但用普通小麦回交,结实率可逐代提高。在回交后代群体中,已分离出对白粉病免疫的植株,是一个可望在小麦育种计划中利用的新中间型材料。</P>

陈孝, 徐惠君, 杜丽璞, 尚立民, 韩彬, 施爱农, 肖世和 . 利用组织培养技术向普通小麦导入簇毛麦抗白粉病基因的研究
中国农业科学, 1996,29(5):1-8.

URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
对硬粒小麦(T.durum)-簇毛麦(H.villosa)杂种幼胚和F#-1幼穗诱导的愈伤组织进行秋水仙素处理获得硬-簇双二倍体TH1,TH1W,TH2W,TH3,TH3W。平均加倍率为78.8%,最高为94.1%。通过与普通小麦(T.aestivum)回交,幼胚和花药培养,得到了6D/6V异代换系94G22-1,94G25-1,94G32-1,94G33-1。谷草转氨酶(GOT)和酯酶(EST)同工酶可作为这些材料的生化标记。RAPD分析中,引物OPAN3可作为其分子标记引物。
CHEN X, XU H J, DU L P, SHANG L M, HAN B, SHI A N, XIAO S H . Transfer of gene resistant to powdery mildew from H. villosa to common wheat by tissue culture
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1996,29(5):1-8. (in Chinese)

URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
对硬粒小麦(T.durum)-簇毛麦(H.villosa)杂种幼胚和F#-1幼穗诱导的愈伤组织进行秋水仙素处理获得硬-簇双二倍体TH1,TH1W,TH2W,TH3,TH3W。平均加倍率为78.8%,最高为94.1%。通过与普通小麦(T.aestivum)回交,幼胚和花药培养,得到了6D/6V异代换系94G22-1,94G25-1,94G32-1,94G33-1。谷草转氨酶(GOT)和酯酶(EST)同工酶可作为这些材料的生化标记。RAPD分析中,引物OPAN3可作为其分子标记引物。

陈佩度, 周波, 齐莉莉, 刘大钧 . 用分子原位杂交(GISH)鉴定小麦-簇毛麦双倍体、附加系、代换系和易位系
遗传学报, 1995,22(5):380-386.

URLMagsci [本文引用: 2]
用生物素标记的簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa)染色体组DNA(total genomic DNA)作探针, 以普通小麦染色体组DNA作遮盖(用量1:200左右),进行有丝分裂中期和减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体的分子原位杂交(GISH),经抗生物素蛋白-辣根过氧化物酶复合物(bio-streptavi din-horseradish perox idase)和联苯胺四盐酸(DAB)检测显色后,小麦-簇毛麦双倍体、附加系、代换系和易位系中的簇毛麦染色体及染色体片段显棕色,与显浅蓝色的小麦染色体可明显区分。用GISH不仅可以检测导入小麦中的簇毛麦染色质,而且可以清楚地显示出易位染色体断裂点的确切位置。将GISH用于减数分裂期染色体配对分析,还可以清晰形象地显示出同源和非同源染色体之间的配对和分离情况。
CHEN P D, ZHOU B, QI L L, LIU D J . Identification of wheat-
Haynaldia villosa amphiloid, addition, substitution and translocation lines by in situ hybridization using biotin-labelled genomic DNA as a probe. Acta Genetica Sinica, 1995,22(5):380-386. (in Chinese)

URLMagsci [本文引用: 2]
用生物素标记的簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa)染色体组DNA(total genomic DNA)作探针, 以普通小麦染色体组DNA作遮盖(用量1:200左右),进行有丝分裂中期和减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体的分子原位杂交(GISH),经抗生物素蛋白-辣根过氧化物酶复合物(bio-streptavi din-horseradish perox idase)和联苯胺四盐酸(DAB)检测显色后,小麦-簇毛麦双倍体、附加系、代换系和易位系中的簇毛麦染色体及染色体片段显棕色,与显浅蓝色的小麦染色体可明显区分。用GISH不仅可以检测导入小麦中的簇毛麦染色质,而且可以清楚地显示出易位染色体断裂点的确切位置。将GISH用于减数分裂期染色体配对分析,还可以清晰形象地显示出同源和非同源染色体之间的配对和分离情况。

CHEN P D, QI L L, ZHOU B, ZHANG S Z, LIU D J . Development and molecular cytogenetic analysis of wheat- Haynaldia villosa 6VS/6AL translocation lines specifying resistance to powdery mildew
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1995,91:1125-1128.

DOI:10.1007/BF00223930URLPMID:24170007 [本文引用: 2]
Several Triticum aestivum L.- Haynaldia villosa disomic 6VS/6AL translocation lines with powdery mildew resistance were developed from the hybridization between common wheat cultivar Yangmai 5 and alien substitution line 6V(6A). Mitotic and meiotic C-banding analysis, aneuploid analysis with double ditelosomic stocks, in situ hybridization, as well as the phenotypic assessment of powdery mildew resistance, were used to characterize these lines. The same translocated chromosome, with breakpoints near the centromere, appears to be present in all the lines, despite variation among the lines in their morphology and agronomic characteristics. The resistance gene, conferred by H. villosa and designated as Pm21 , is a new and promising source of powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding.

齐莉莉, 陈佩度, 刘大钧, 周波, 张守中, 盛宝钦, 向齐君, 段霞渝, 周益林 . 小麦白粉病新抗源——基因Pm21
作物学报, 1995,21(3):257-262.

URLMagsci [本文引用: 2]
利用C-分带技术,从(扬麦4号或扬麦5号×6V代换系)F_2或M_3代选择的100个抗白粉病单株中,鉴定出17株涉及6VS/6AL易位。易位断点靠近着丝粒。易位系在MI平均每个PMC有0.00—0.80Ⅰ和20.69—21.00Ⅱ,易位染色体在中期Ⅰ基本配对成环状二价体,在细胞学上已稳定。不同小种不同菌系的白粉病鉴定表明,易位系在苗期和成株期均表现对白粉病免疫。在簇毛麦6VS上的抗白粉病基因不同于现有抗性基因,根据McIntosh的建议已将该基因定名为Pm21,并被收录于第八届IWGS小麦基因目录中。
QI L L, CHEN P D, LIU D J, ZHOU B, ZHANG S Z, SHEENG B Q, XIANG Q J, DUAN X Y, ZHOU Y L . The gene Pm21- a new source for resistance to wheat powdery mildew
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1995,21(3):257-262. (in Chinese)

URLMagsci [本文引用: 2]
利用C-分带技术,从(扬麦4号或扬麦5号×6V代换系)F_2或M_3代选择的100个抗白粉病单株中,鉴定出17株涉及6VS/6AL易位。易位断点靠近着丝粒。易位系在MI平均每个PMC有0.00—0.80Ⅰ和20.69—21.00Ⅱ,易位染色体在中期Ⅰ基本配对成环状二价体,在细胞学上已稳定。不同小种不同菌系的白粉病鉴定表明,易位系在苗期和成株期均表现对白粉病免疫。在簇毛麦6VS上的抗白粉病基因不同于现有抗性基因,根据McIntosh的建议已将该基因定名为Pm21,并被收录于第八届IWGS小麦基因目录中。

LI H, CHEN X, XIN Z Y, MA Y Z, XU H J, CHEN X Y, JIA X . Development and identification of wheat- Haynaldia villosa T6DL.6VS chromosome translocation lines conferring resistance to powdery mildew
Plant Breeding, 2005,124:203-205.

[本文引用: 2]

LIU C, QI L L, LIU W X, ZHAO W C, WILSON J, FRIEBE B, GILL B S . Development of a set of compensating Triticum aestivum- Dasypyrum villosum Robertsonian translocation lines
Genome, 2011,54:836-844.

[本文引用: 3]

XING L, HU P, LIU J., WITEK K, ZHOU S, XU J, ZHOU W, GAO L, HUANG Z, ZHANG R, WANG X, CHEN P, WANG H , JONES J D G, KARAFIATOVA M, VRANA J, BARTOS J, DOLEZEL J, TIAN Y, WU Y, CAO A. Pm21 from Haynaldia villosa encodes a CC-NBS-LRR that confers powdery mildew resistance in wheat
Molecular Plant, 2018, doi: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/article/2019/0578-1752/10.1016/j.molp.2018.02.013.

URLPMID:29567451 [本文引用: 1]
Dasypyrum villosum (Dv), a wild relative of wheat, is an important and useful gene resource for wheat improvement. A large number of wheat-Dv aneuploid lines harboring whole or fragments of Dv chromosomes have been developed. However, the lack of sufficient molecular markers hindered accurate identification of Dv chromatin, especially when the introgressed fragments are small. Development of... [Show full abstract]

HE H, ZHU S, ZHAO R, JIANG Z, JI Y, JI J, QIU D, LI H, BIE T . Pm21, encoding a typical CC-NBS-LRR protein, confers broad- spectrum resistance to wheat powdery mildew disease
Molecular Plant, 2018, doi: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/article/2019/0578-1752/10.1016/j.molp.2018.03.004.

URL [本文引用: 1]
Key message The powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 was physically and comparatively mapped by newly developed markers. Seven candidate genes were verified to be required for Pm21 -mediated resistance to wheat powdery mildew. Abstract Pm21, a gene derived from wheat wild relative Dasypyrum villosum, has been transferred into common wheat and widely utilized in wheat resistance breeding for... [Show full abstract]

ZHANG Q P, LI Q, WANG X E, WANG H Y, LANG S P, WANG Y N, WANG S L, CHEN P D, LIU D J . Development and characterization of a Triticum aestivum-Haynaldia villosa translocation line T4VS·4DL conferring resistance to wheat spindle streak mosaic virus
Euphytica, 2005,145:317-320.

[本文引用: 1]

ZHAO R, WANG H, XIAO J, BIE T, CHENG S, JIA Q, YUAN C, ZHANG R, CAO A, CHEN P, WANG X . Induction of 4VS chromosome recombinants using the CS ph1b mutant and mapping of the wheat yellow mosaic virus resistance gene from Haynaldia villosa
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2013,126:2921-2930.

DOI:10.1007/s00122-013-2181-yURLPMID:23989649 [本文引用: 1]
The wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) or wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) resistance gene, Wss1 , from Haynaldia villosa , was previously mapped to the chromosome arm 4VS by the development of 4V (4D) substitution and T4DL 4VS translocation lines. For better utilization and more accurate mapping of the Wss1 , in this research, the CS ph1b mutant was used to induce new translocations with shortened 4VS chromosome fragments. Thirty-five homozygous translocations with different alien fragment sizes and breakpoints of 4VS were identified by GISH and molecular marker analysis. By field test, it was found that all the identified terminal translocations characterized as having smaller 4VS chromosome segments in the chromosome 4DS were highly resistant to WYMV, while all the interstitial translocations with 4VS inserted into the 4DS were WYMV susceptible. Marker analysis using 32 4VS-specific markers showed that both the terminal and interstitial translocations had different alien fragment sizes. Five specific markers could be detected in the WYMV-resistant terminal translocation line NAU421 with the shortest introduced 4VS fragment, indicating they can be used for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. Based on the resistance evaluation, GISH and molecular marker analysis of the available translocations, the gene(s) conferring the WYMV resistance on 4VS could be further cytologically mapped to the distal region of 4VS, immersed in the bin of FL 0.78 1.00. The newly developed small fragment translocations with WYMV resistance and 4VS specific markers have laid solid groundwork for the utilization in wheat breeding for WYMV resistance as well as further cloning of Wss1 .

李淑梅, 徐川梅, 周波, 陈佩度 . 普通小麦-簇毛麦2V染色体端体异附加系的选育与鉴定
南京农业大学学报, 2009,32(1):1-5.

DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-2030.2009.01.001URL [本文引用: 1]
簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa)具有抗多种病害、耐旱、耐寒等优良性状,是可供小麦改良利用的优良遗传资源。本研究综合利用根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体Giemsa C-分带、花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型分析、荧光原位杂交(genomicin situhybridization,GISH)及分子标记等技术,从普通小麦-簇毛麦2V(2D)异代换系与含有Ph抑制基因的中国春高配对材料(pairing homoeologous inhibitor,PhI)C04-13的杂交后代中选出分别含有簇毛麦2V长臂和短臂的普通小麦-簇毛麦2V端体异附加系。含有簇毛麦2V短臂的附加系在护颖颖脊上有刚毛,而在含2V长臂的附加系的护颖颖脊上没有刚毛,可将控制护颖颖脊刚毛性状的基因进一步定位在簇毛麦2V染色体的短臂上。筛选出可以追踪2V染色体短臂的SSR标记wmc25。该分子标记和护颖颖脊刚毛形态标记可用来追踪导入小麦遗传背景中的簇毛麦2V染色体短臂。
LI S M, XU C M, ZHOU B, CHEN P D . Development and identification of Triticum-Haynadia villosa ditelesomic addition lines involving chromosome 2V of H.villosa
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2009,32(1):1-5. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-2030.2009.01.001URL [本文引用: 1]
簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa)具有抗多种病害、耐旱、耐寒等优良性状,是可供小麦改良利用的优良遗传资源。本研究综合利用根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体Giemsa C-分带、花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型分析、荧光原位杂交(genomicin situhybridization,GISH)及分子标记等技术,从普通小麦-簇毛麦2V(2D)异代换系与含有Ph抑制基因的中国春高配对材料(pairing homoeologous inhibitor,PhI)C04-13的杂交后代中选出分别含有簇毛麦2V长臂和短臂的普通小麦-簇毛麦2V端体异附加系。含有簇毛麦2V短臂的附加系在护颖颖脊上有刚毛,而在含2V长臂的附加系的护颖颖脊上没有刚毛,可将控制护颖颖脊刚毛性状的基因进一步定位在簇毛麦2V染色体的短臂上。筛选出可以追踪2V染色体短臂的SSR标记wmc25。该分子标记和护颖颖脊刚毛形态标记可用来追踪导入小麦遗传背景中的簇毛麦2V染色体短臂。

董剑, 杨华, 赵万春, 李晓燕, 陈其皎, 高翔 . 普通小麦中国春-簇毛麦易位系T1DL·1VS和T1DS·1VL的农艺和品质特性
作物学报, 2013,39(8):1386-1390.

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01386URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
<div ><span >为明确普通小麦中国春</span><span >&ndash;</span><span >簇毛麦整臂互补易位系</span><span >T1DS?1VL</span><span >和</span><span >T1DL?1VS</span><span >对</span><span >农艺特性和加工品质的效应</span><span >, </span><span >于</span><span >2008</span><span >&mdash;</span><span >2010</span><span >年在陕西杨凌连续</span><span >2</span><span >个生长季对这</span><span >2</span><span >个易位系和</span><span >CS</span><span >的主要农艺性状和加工品质性状进行了研究</span><span >, </span><span >并采用</span><span >SDS-PAGE</span><span >法对簇毛麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基</span><span >(</span><span >HMW-GS</span><span >)</span><span >基因进行了进一步的染色体臂定位。结果表明</span><span >, </span><span >这</span><span >2</span><span >个易位系的抽穗期和成熟期相同</span><span >, </span><span >但比</span><span >CS</span><span >晚</span><span >1~2</span><span > d</span><span >, </span><span >T1DS?1VL</span><span >其他农艺性状与</span><span >中国春</span><span >相似</span><span >, </span><span >T1DL?1VS</span><span >的春季单株分蘖、千粒重和单株粒重显著高于</span><span >中国春</span><span >;</span><span >2</span><span >个易位系的籽粒蛋白质含量与中国春无显著差异</span><span >, </span><span >T1DS?1VL</span><span >的</span><span >Zeleny</span><span >沉淀值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和粉质仪质量指数显著降低;<a name="OLE_LINK2">相反</a></span><span><span >, </span></span><span><span >T1DL?1VS</span></span><span><span >的这些性状值显著提高。说明</span></span><span><span >T1DS?1VL</span></span><span><span >易位系对小麦的面团强度有显著的负向效应</span></span><span><span >, </span></span><span><span >而</span></span><span><span >T1DL?1VS</span></span><span><span >易位系显著增强面筋强度。</span></span><span><span >SDS-PAGE</span></span><span><span >分析结果表明</span></span><span><span >, </span></span><span><span >簇毛麦的</span></span><span><span >1VS</span></span><span><span >和</span></span><span><span >1VL</span></span><span><span >上均含有簇毛麦的</span></span><span><span >HMW-GS</span></span><span><span >基因</span></span><span><em><span >Glu-V1</span></em></span><span><span >, </span></span><a name="OLE_LINK1"><span><span><span >但该基因在</span></span></span></a><span><span><span><span >T1DL?1VS</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span >中的表达可能强于在</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span >T1DS?1VL</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span >中</span></span></span></span><span><span >。</span></span></div>
DONG J, YANG H, ZHAO W C, LI X Y, CHEN Q J, GAO X . Agronomic traits and grain quality of Chinese Spring- Dasypyrum villosum translocation lines T1DL?1VS and T1DS?1VL
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013,39(8):1386-1390. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01386URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
<div ><span >为明确普通小麦中国春</span><span >&ndash;</span><span >簇毛麦整臂互补易位系</span><span >T1DS?1VL</span><span >和</span><span >T1DL?1VS</span><span >对</span><span >农艺特性和加工品质的效应</span><span >, </span><span >于</span><span >2008</span><span >&mdash;</span><span >2010</span><span >年在陕西杨凌连续</span><span >2</span><span >个生长季对这</span><span >2</span><span >个易位系和</span><span >CS</span><span >的主要农艺性状和加工品质性状进行了研究</span><span >, </span><span >并采用</span><span >SDS-PAGE</span><span >法对簇毛麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基</span><span >(</span><span >HMW-GS</span><span >)</span><span >基因进行了进一步的染色体臂定位。结果表明</span><span >, </span><span >这</span><span >2</span><span >个易位系的抽穗期和成熟期相同</span><span >, </span><span >但比</span><span >CS</span><span >晚</span><span >1~2</span><span > d</span><span >, </span><span >T1DS?1VL</span><span >其他农艺性状与</span><span >中国春</span><span >相似</span><span >, </span><span >T1DL?1VS</span><span >的春季单株分蘖、千粒重和单株粒重显著高于</span><span >中国春</span><span >;</span><span >2</span><span >个易位系的籽粒蛋白质含量与中国春无显著差异</span><span >, </span><span >T1DS?1VL</span><span >的</span><span >Zeleny</span><span >沉淀值、面团形成时间、稳定时间和粉质仪质量指数显著降低;<a name="OLE_LINK2">相反</a></span><span><span >, </span></span><span><span >T1DL?1VS</span></span><span><span >的这些性状值显著提高。说明</span></span><span><span >T1DS?1VL</span></span><span><span >易位系对小麦的面团强度有显著的负向效应</span></span><span><span >, </span></span><span><span >而</span></span><span><span >T1DL?1VS</span></span><span><span >易位系显著增强面筋强度。</span></span><span><span >SDS-PAGE</span></span><span><span >分析结果表明</span></span><span><span >, </span></span><span><span >簇毛麦的</span></span><span><span >1VS</span></span><span><span >和</span></span><span><span >1VL</span></span><span><span >上均含有簇毛麦的</span></span><span><span >HMW-GS</span></span><span><span >基因</span></span><span><em><span >Glu-V1</span></em></span><span><span >, </span></span><a name="OLE_LINK1"><span><span><span >但该基因在</span></span></span></a><span><span><span><span >T1DL?1VS</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span >中的表达可能强于在</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span >T1DS?1VL</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span >中</span></span></span></span><span><span >。</span></span></div>

张瑞奇, 冯祎高, 侯富, 陈树林, 别同德, 陈佩度 . 普通小麦-簇毛麦T5VS.5DL易位染色体对小麦主要农艺性状、品质和白粉病抗性的遗传效应分析
中国农业科学, 2015,48(6):1041-1051.

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.06.01URL [本文引用: 1]
【目的】分析普通小麦-簇毛麦 T5VS·5DL 易位染色体对主要农艺性状、品质性状及白粉病抗性的遗传效应,了解 T5VS·5DL 易位染色体通过雌雄配子的传递情况,筛选便于育种利用的共显性分子标记,进一步明确T5VS·5DL易位系的高代回交品系在育种改良中的利用价值。【方法】分别以扬麦13、扬麦15为轮回亲本的高代T5VS·5DL易位系回交品系(BC4F4)及其分离群体(BC5F2)为材料,利用GISH及5VS特异分子标记对这些材料进行了鉴定;在大棚及大田2种环境下调查了这些材料的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状,并对这些材料的水溶剂保持力、碳酸钠溶剂保持力、蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力、蛋白和籽粒硬度等品质性状进行了分析;还利用白粉菌混合生理小种对这些材料的苗期(二叶期)和成株期(抽穗期)进行了接种鉴定。【结果】含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状与其轮回亲本相比,2种环境下的差异均不显著,表明簇毛麦5VS染色体臂代替普通小麦5DS染色体臂后,对产量性状的补偿性较好,没有显著的不利影响。品质性状的分析结果表明,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的籽粒硬度值(SKCS)均显著低于其轮回亲本,表明簇毛麦Dina/Dinb基因型比普通小麦的Pina/Pinb基因型具有更软质胚乳特性;另外,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的水溶剂保持力与碳酸钠溶剂保持力也显著低于轮回亲本,而蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力及蛋白质含量的差异不显著,表明T5VS·5DL易位染色体对弱筋小麦品质指标可能有一定的正向效应。白粉菌混合生理小种接种鉴定的结果表明,在二叶期,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系及其轮回亲本均高感白粉病,但在成株
ZHANG R Q, FENG Y G, HOU F, CHEN S L, BIE T D, CHEN P D . The genetic effect of wheat-H. villosa T5VS.5DL translocated chromosome on agronomic characteristics, quality, and powdery mildew resistance of common wheat
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015,48(6):1041-1051. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.06.01URL [本文引用: 1]
【目的】分析普通小麦-簇毛麦 T5VS·5DL 易位染色体对主要农艺性状、品质性状及白粉病抗性的遗传效应,了解 T5VS·5DL 易位染色体通过雌雄配子的传递情况,筛选便于育种利用的共显性分子标记,进一步明确T5VS·5DL易位系的高代回交品系在育种改良中的利用价值。【方法】分别以扬麦13、扬麦15为轮回亲本的高代T5VS·5DL易位系回交品系(BC4F4)及其分离群体(BC5F2)为材料,利用GISH及5VS特异分子标记对这些材料进行了鉴定;在大棚及大田2种环境下调查了这些材料的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状,并对这些材料的水溶剂保持力、碳酸钠溶剂保持力、蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力、蛋白和籽粒硬度等品质性状进行了分析;还利用白粉菌混合生理小种对这些材料的苗期(二叶期)和成株期(抽穗期)进行了接种鉴定。【结果】含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等主要农艺性状与其轮回亲本相比,2种环境下的差异均不显著,表明簇毛麦5VS染色体臂代替普通小麦5DS染色体臂后,对产量性状的补偿性较好,没有显著的不利影响。品质性状的分析结果表明,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的籽粒硬度值(SKCS)均显著低于其轮回亲本,表明簇毛麦Dina/Dinb基因型比普通小麦的Pina/Pinb基因型具有更软质胚乳特性;另外,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系的水溶剂保持力与碳酸钠溶剂保持力也显著低于轮回亲本,而蔗糖溶剂保持力、乳酸溶剂保持力及蛋白质含量的差异不显著,表明T5VS·5DL易位染色体对弱筋小麦品质指标可能有一定的正向效应。白粉菌混合生理小种接种鉴定的结果表明,在二叶期,含有T5VS·5DL易位染色体高代回交品系及其轮回亲本均高感白粉病,但在成株

ZHANG R, SUN B, CHEN J, CAO A, XING L, FENG Y, LAN C, CHEN P . Pm55, a developmental-stage and tissue-specific powdery mildew resistance gene introgressed from Dasypyrum villosum into common wheat
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2016,129:1975-1984.

DOI:10.1007/s00122-016-2753-8URLPMID:27422445 [本文引用: 1]
Abstract Key message Powdery mildew resistance gene Pm55 was physically mapped to chromosome arm 5VS FL 0.60–0.80 of Dasypyrum villosum . Pm55 is present in T5VS·5AL and T5VS·5DL translocations, which should be valuable resources for wheat improvement. Abstract Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is a major wheat disease worldwide. Exploiting novel genes effective against powdery mildew from wild relatives of wheat is a promising strategy for controlling this disease. To identify novel resistance genes for powdery mildew from Dasypyrum villosum, a wild wheat relative, we evaluated a set of Chinese Spring-D. villosum disomic addition and whole-arm translocation lines for reactions to powdery mildew. Based on the evaluation data, we concluded that the D. villosum chromosome 5V controls post-seedling resistance to powdery mildew. Subsequently, three introgression lines were developed and confirmed by molecular and cytogenetic analysis following ionizing radiation of the pollen of a Chinese Spring-D. villosum 5V disomic addition line. A homozygous T5VS·5AL translocation line (NAU421) with good plant vigor and full fertility was further characterized using sequential genomic in situ hybridization, C-banding, and EST-STS marker analysis. A dominant gene permanently named Pm55 was located in chromosome bin 5VS 0.60–0.80 based on the responses to powdery mildew of all wheat-D. villosum 5V introgression lines evaluated at both seeding and adult stages. This study demonstrated that Pm55 conferred growth-stage and tissue-specific dependent resistance; therefore, it provides a novel resistance type for powdery mildew. The T5VS·5AL translocation line with additional softness loci Dina/Dinb of D. villosum provides a possibility of extending the range of grain textures to a super-soft category. Accordingly, this stock is a new source of resistance to powdery mildew and may be useful in both resistance mechanism studies and soft wheat improvement.

QI L L, PUMPHREY M O, FRIEBE B, ZHANG P, QIAN C, BOWDEN R L, ROUSE M N, JIN Y, GILL B S . A novel Robertsonian translocation event leads to transfer of a stem rust resistance gene (Sr52) effective against race Ug99 from Dasypyrum villosum into bread wheat
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2011,123(1):159-167.

DOI:10.1007/s00122-011-1574-zURLPMID:21437597 [本文引用: 1]
Abstract Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) (the causal agent of wheat stem rust) race Ug99 (also designated TTKSK) and its derivatives have defeated several important stem rust resistance genes widely used in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, rendering much of the worldwide wheat acreage susceptible. In order to identify new resistance sources, a large collection of wheat relatives and genetic stocks maintained at the Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center was screened. The results revealed that most accessions of the diploid relative Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy were highly resistant. The screening of a set of wheat-D. villosum chromosome addition lines revealed that the wheat-D. villosum disomic addition line DA6V#3 was moderately resistant to race Ug99. The objective of the present study was to produce and characterize compensating wheat-D. villosum whole arm Robertsonian translocations (RobTs) involving chromosomes 6D of wheat and 6V#3 of D. villosum through the mechanism of centric breakage-fusion. Seven 6V#3-specific EST-STS markers were developed for screening F(2) progeny derived from plants double-monosomic for chromosomes 6D and 6V#3. Surprisingly, although 6D was the target chromosome, all recovered RobTs involved chromosome 6A implying a novel mechanism for the origin of RobTs. Homozygous translocations (T6AS·6V#3L and T6AL·6V#3S) with good plant vigor and full fertility were selected from F(3) families. A stem rust resistance gene was mapped to the long arm 6V#3L in T6AS·6V#3L and was designated as Sr52. Sr52 is temperature-sensitive and is most effective at 16°C, partially effective at 24°C, and ineffective at 28°C. The T6AS·6V#3L stock is a new source of resistance to Ug99, is cytogenetically stable, and may be useful in wheat improvement.

LI H J, CONNER R L, CHEN Q, JIA X, LI H, GRAF R J, LAROCHE A, KUZYK A D . Different reactions to the wheat curl mite and wheat streak mosaic virus in various wheat-Haynaldia villosa 6V and 6VS lines
Plant Disease, 2002,86(4):423-428.

DOI:10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.4.423URL [本文引用: 2]
ABSTRACT Wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, is the vector of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), a destructive viral pathogen in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genetic resistance to WCM colonization can reduce the incidence of wheat streak mosaic. Chromosome 6V in Haynaldia villosa is a new source of WCM resistance. We compared variation in resistance among different sources of H. villosa chromosome 6V and 6VS lines to WCM and WSMV and their effectiveness in controlling the incidence of WSMV following exposure to viruliferous WCM. WCM resistance varied among the 6V and 6VS lines depending on the H. villosa parent. The 6V substitution lines Yi80928, GN21, and GN22 derived from an accession of H. villosa from China, and the 6VS translocation lines 92R137, 92R178, and Sub6V from an H. villosa accession collected from the United Kingdom were uniformly resistant to WCM colonization. In contrast, the 6V substitution line RW15 and a 6VS translocation line Pm33 developed from an H. villosa collection from the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were susceptible to WCM. All 6V and 6VS lines were susceptible to WSMV when manually inoculated. However, symptom expression was delayed in the WCM-resistant 6V and 6VS lines after exposure to viruliferous WCM. The 6V and 6VS lines differed in their ability to control WSMV infection. WCM-susceptible lines RW15 and Pm33 had no effect on controlling the infection by WSMV. Lines GN21 and GN22 were the most effective of the three H. villosa sources in limiting the spread of WSMV. Their high yield potential and protein content, in combination with resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici), make GN21 and GN22 promising sources of WCM resistance.

LIU C, Ye X G, Wang M J, LI S J, LIN Z S . Genetic behavior of Triticum aestivum-Dasypyrum villosum translocation chromosomes T6V#4S·6DL and T6V#2S·6AL
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017,16(10):2136-2144.

[本文引用: 1]

张云龙, 王美蛟, 张悦, 褚翠萍, 林志珊, 徐琼芳, 叶兴国, 陈孝, 张宪省 . 不同簇毛麦6VS 染色体臂的白粉病抗性特异功能标记的开发及应用
作物学报, 2012,38(10):1827-1832.

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01827URLMagsci [本文引用: 2]
<p>小麦6VS&middot;6DL易位系Pm97033和6VS&middot;6AL易位系92R137中的6VS染色体臂来自不同的簇毛麦种质,均表现良好的白粉病抗性,本研究利用分子标记对这2个易位系所包含抗病基因的异同进行了鉴定。利用与<em>Pm21</em>抗白粉病相关的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶<em>Stpk-V</em>基因(GenBank登录号为HQ864471.1)的基因组和cDNA序列为基础,在包含至少1个内含子的2个编码区设计引物,从Pm97033中扩增获得特异的多态性片段。为进一步提高特异性和扩增的稳定性,对特异扩增片段测序并重新设计引物,扩增筛选获得2个引物对,其中PK-F1/PK-R可专一扩增6VS&middot;6DL易位系Pm97033及其抗病亲本,而PK-F2/PK-R可同时特异扩增2个不同来源的簇毛麦6VS染色体,但二者间的特异片段具有多态性。利用这2对引物,对系谱中包含6V(6D)和6VS&middot;6AL、抗白粉病的小麦品系CB037进行检测,发现仅出现与6VS&middot;6AL易位系相同的簇毛麦扩增片段,不存在簇毛麦No. 1026 (Pm97033的6VS供体)的扩增片段。基因组原位杂交结果表明,CB037仅含1对小麦-簇毛麦的易位染色体,用已报道的分子标记检测证明易位涉及的小麦染色体为6A,与本研究开发的分子标记检测结果相吻合,表明CB037携带的白粉病抗性基因来自6VS&middot;6AL易位系92R137,其白粉病抗性可能与Pm97033具有不同的遗传基础。</p>
ZHANG Y L, WANG M J, ZHANF Y, CHU C P, LIN Z S, XU Q F, YE X G, CHEN X, ZHANG X S . Development and application of functional markers specific to powdery mildew resistance on chromosome arm 6VS from different origins of Haynaldia villosa
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2012,38(10):1827-1832. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01827URLMagsci [本文引用: 2]
<p>小麦6VS&middot;6DL易位系Pm97033和6VS&middot;6AL易位系92R137中的6VS染色体臂来自不同的簇毛麦种质,均表现良好的白粉病抗性,本研究利用分子标记对这2个易位系所包含抗病基因的异同进行了鉴定。利用与<em>Pm21</em>抗白粉病相关的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶<em>Stpk-V</em>基因(GenBank登录号为HQ864471.1)的基因组和cDNA序列为基础,在包含至少1个内含子的2个编码区设计引物,从Pm97033中扩增获得特异的多态性片段。为进一步提高特异性和扩增的稳定性,对特异扩增片段测序并重新设计引物,扩增筛选获得2个引物对,其中PK-F1/PK-R可专一扩增6VS&middot;6DL易位系Pm97033及其抗病亲本,而PK-F2/PK-R可同时特异扩增2个不同来源的簇毛麦6VS染色体,但二者间的特异片段具有多态性。利用这2对引物,对系谱中包含6V(6D)和6VS&middot;6AL、抗白粉病的小麦品系CB037进行检测,发现仅出现与6VS&middot;6AL易位系相同的簇毛麦扩增片段,不存在簇毛麦No. 1026 (Pm97033的6VS供体)的扩增片段。基因组原位杂交结果表明,CB037仅含1对小麦-簇毛麦的易位染色体,用已报道的分子标记检测证明易位涉及的小麦染色体为6A,与本研究开发的分子标记检测结果相吻合,表明CB037携带的白粉病抗性基因来自6VS&middot;6AL易位系92R137,其白粉病抗性可能与Pm97033具有不同的遗传基础。</p>

LIN Z S, ZHANG Y L, WANG K, LI J R, XU Q F, CHEN X, ZHANG X S, YE X G . Isolation and molecular analysis of genes Stpk-V2 and Stpk-V3 homologous to powdery mildew resistance gene Stpk-V in a Dasypyrum villosum accession and its derivatives
Journal of Applied Genetics, 2013,54:417-426.

[本文引用: 2]

BIE T D, ZHAO R H, ZHU S Y, CHEN S L, HE H G . Development and characterization of marker MBH1 simultaneously tagging genes Pm21 and PmV conferring resistance to powdery mildew in wheat
Molecular Breeding, 2015,35:189.

DOI:10.1007/s11032-015-0385-3URL [本文引用: 2]
<p class='MsoNormal'>Wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocations T6V#2S.6AL and T6V#4S.6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, continue to contribute powderymildew resistance in wheat varieties in China. Based on colinearity between Brachypodium distachyon and Triticeae species, genomic sequences from gene intervalsof B. distachyon physically linked to a homolog of Stpk-V, a key part of Pm21, were used to design primers and screen forcodominant and stable markers. An anonymous marker, MBH1, tagging both Pm21 in 6V#2S and PmV in 6V#4S was identified. It also distinguishedwheat 6AS- and 6DS-derived homoeoalleles of MBH1. Sequence length comparisons showed adecreasing order of6AS > 6DS > 6V#2S > 6V#4S. F2 segregation analyses were conducted on crossesYangmai 18 (T6V#2S.6AL)/Yangmai 19 and Yangmai 16/Yangmai 22 (T6V#4S.6DL). MBH1 detected homozygosity of both Pm21 and PmV in segregating populations. The results alsoshowed that T6V#2S.6AL is more transmittable than T6V#4S.6DL. Using MBH1, we reconfirmed the identities of powderymildew resistance genes in Yangmai 21, Zhenmai 9, and Yangmai 97G59. Theresistance donor to all three was T6V#2S.6AL, indicating that the publishedpedigrees were not correct. Pm21in NAU419-Y15, an intercalary translocationcarrying Pm21, was also tagged by MBH1. MBH1 is a broadly applicable marker for selectingand distinguishing the translocation chromosomes carryingPm21 and PmV, which continue to be effective in China.

刘畅, 李仕金, 王轲, 叶兴国, 林志珊 . 簇毛麦6VS特异转录序列P21461及P33259的获得及其分子标记在鉴定小麦-簇毛麦抗白粉病育种材料中的应用
作物学报, 2017,43(7):983-992.

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00983URL [本文引用: 3]
簇毛麦6V#2S 和6V#4S 染色体臂分别携带抗白粉病基因Pm21 和PmV, 在与小麦的杂种后代中, 抗病基因与外源染色体臂共分离.开发鉴定2 条外源染色体臂间多态性的序列, 尤其是遗传信息相对缺乏的6V#4S 染色体臂的序列, 对于其在遗传与育种上的应用具有重要意义.本研究以携带6V#4S·6DL 染色体的小麦易位系Pm97033 及感病小麦亲本宛7107 接种白粉菌的叶片转录组数据为资源, 通过差异基因筛选、共线性分析、簇毛麦基因组扩增及测序验证的方法, 鉴定出来自6V#4S 的表达序列P21461 和P33259, 其中基于P21461 序列设计的引物P461-5 在簇毛麦6V#2S 和6V#4S 染色体臂的扩增产物具有30 bp 的InDel 和4 nt 的多态性.用该引物转化的标记P461-5a 可以鉴定抗白粉病小麦品种和高代品系所含的外源染色体, 显示其在簇毛麦抗源鉴别和小麦抗病育种辅助选择中潜在的应用价值.根据P33259 开发的标记P259-1 可以对含有6V#4S 染色体臂的材料进行特异扩增, 但对6V#2S·6AL 易位染色体没有扩增产物, 因此P259-1 可作为6V#4S·6DL 易位染色体的特异分子标记.qRT-PCR 分析结果显示, P21461 的表达不受白粉菌诱导, 而P33259 在接菌后12 h 和24 h 的转录水平比接菌前提高约2 倍, 推测其可能参与Pm97033与白粉菌的早期互作.
LIU C, LI S J, WANG K, YE X G, LIN Z S . Developing of specific transcription sequences P21461 and P33259 on Dasypyrum villosum 6VS and application of molecular markers in identifying wheat-D. villosum breeding materials with powdery mildew resistance
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2017,43(7):983-992. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00983URL [本文引用: 3]
簇毛麦6V#2S 和6V#4S 染色体臂分别携带抗白粉病基因Pm21 和PmV, 在与小麦的杂种后代中, 抗病基因与外源染色体臂共分离.开发鉴定2 条外源染色体臂间多态性的序列, 尤其是遗传信息相对缺乏的6V#4S 染色体臂的序列, 对于其在遗传与育种上的应用具有重要意义.本研究以携带6V#4S·6DL 染色体的小麦易位系Pm97033 及感病小麦亲本宛7107 接种白粉菌的叶片转录组数据为资源, 通过差异基因筛选、共线性分析、簇毛麦基因组扩增及测序验证的方法, 鉴定出来自6V#4S 的表达序列P21461 和P33259, 其中基于P21461 序列设计的引物P461-5 在簇毛麦6V#2S 和6V#4S 染色体臂的扩增产物具有30 bp 的InDel 和4 nt 的多态性.用该引物转化的标记P461-5a 可以鉴定抗白粉病小麦品种和高代品系所含的外源染色体, 显示其在簇毛麦抗源鉴别和小麦抗病育种辅助选择中潜在的应用价值.根据P33259 开发的标记P259-1 可以对含有6V#4S 染色体臂的材料进行特异扩增, 但对6V#2S·6AL 易位染色体没有扩增产物, 因此P259-1 可作为6V#4S·6DL 易位染色体的特异分子标记.qRT-PCR 分析结果显示, P21461 的表达不受白粉菌诱导, 而P33259 在接菌后12 h 和24 h 的转录水平比接菌前提高约2 倍, 推测其可能参与Pm97033与白粉菌的早期互作.

LI S J, LIN Z S, LIU C, WANG K, DU L P, YE X G . Development and comparative genomic mapping of Dasypyrum villosum 6V#4S- specific PCR markers using transcriptome data
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2017,130(10):2057-2068.

[本文引用: 4]

PLASCHKE J, GANAL M E, RODER M S . Detection of genetic diversity in closely related bread wheat using microsatellite markers
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1995,91:1001-1007.

DOI:10.1007/BF00223912URLPMID:24169989 [本文引用: 1]
Wheat microsatellites (WMS) were used to estimate the extent of genetic diversity among 40 wheat cultivars and lines, including mainly European elite material. The 23 WMS used were located on 15 different chromosomes, and revealed a total of 142 alleles. The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 16, with an average of 6.2 alleles per WMS. The average dinucleotide repeat number ranged from 13 to 41. The correlation coefficient between the number of alleles and the average number of repeats was only slight ( r s = 0.55). Based on percentage difference a dendrogram is presented, calculated by the WMS-derived data. All but two of the wheat cultivars and lines could be distinguished. Some of the resulting groups are strongly related to the pedigrees of the appropriate cultivars. Values for co-ancestry ( f ) of 179 pairs of cultivars related by their pedigrees ( f 0.1) averaged 0.29. Genetic similarity (GS) based on WMS of the same pairs averaged 0.44. The rank correlation for these pairs was slight, with r s = 0.55, but highly significant ( P <0.001). The results suggest that a relatively small number of microsatellites can be used for the estimation of genetic diversity and cultivar identification in elite material of hexaploid bread wheat.

BRYAN G J, COLLINS A J, STEPHENSON P, ORRY A, SMITH J B, GALE M D . Isolation and characterization of microsatellites from hexaploid bread wheat
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1997,94(5):557-563.

[本文引用: 1]

谢皓, 陈学珍, 杨柳, 王建立 . EST-SSR标记的发展和在植物遗传研究中的应用
北京农学院学报, 2005,20(4):73-76.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-3186.2005.04.018URL [本文引用: 1]
SSR标记已经成为植物遗传育种中应用的主要的分子标记之一,然而,SSR引物的开发源于基因组文库,即花费大又效率低。随着大量表达序列标签(ESTs)的出现,对于许多植物而言,利用ESTs数据库开发SSR引物是一项高效、低花费的选择。目前,EST-SSR标记在一些植物中的利用已有报道,笔者就EST-SSR标记的发展和在植物遗传中应用的研究进展进行回顾和评述。
XIE H, CHEN X J, YANG L, WANG J L . Development and application of EST-SSR marker in plant genetic
Journal of Beijing Agricultural College, 2005,20(4):73-76. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-3186.2005.04.018URL [本文引用: 1]
SSR标记已经成为植物遗传育种中应用的主要的分子标记之一,然而,SSR引物的开发源于基因组文库,即花费大又效率低。随着大量表达序列标签(ESTs)的出现,对于许多植物而言,利用ESTs数据库开发SSR引物是一项高效、低花费的选择。目前,EST-SSR标记在一些植物中的利用已有报道,笔者就EST-SSR标记的发展和在植物遗传中应用的研究进展进行回顾和评述。

曹亚萍, 曹爱忠, 王秀娥, 陈佩度 . 基于EST-PCR的簇毛麦染色体特异分子标记筛选及应用
作物学报, 2009,35(1):1-10.

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00001URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
<p><span >为定位、转移和利用簇毛麦有益基因</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >通过花粉辐射</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >获得一批包括小麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >-</span><span >簇毛麦易位染色体的异染色体系。为了鉴定这批材料中的簇毛麦染色体身份</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >根据水稻、小麦的</span><span lang="EN-US" >EST</span><span >序列合成了</span><span lang="EN-US" >240</span><span >对</span><span lang="EN-US" >STS</span><span >引物</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >其中</span><span lang="EN-US" >34</span><span >对引物在普通小麦中国春与簇毛麦间存在多态性;进一步对亲本及簇毛麦二体异附加系进行</span><span lang="EN-US" >PCR</span><span >扩增分析</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU32<sub>-300</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >1V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU33<sub>-280</sub></span><span >、</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU34<sub>-510</sub></span><span >、</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU35<sub>-1100</sub></span><span >、</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU36<sub>-380</sub></span><span >和</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU37<sub>-400</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >2V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU38<sub>-250</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >3V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU39<sub>-950</sub></span><span >和</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU40<sub>-800</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >4V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU41<sub>-745</sub></span><span >和</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU42<sub>-1050</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >5V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU44<sub>-765</sub></span><span >和</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU45<sub>-495</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >7V</span><span >染色体。加上本室已开发的</span><span lang="EN-US" >2</span><span >个</span><span lang="EN-US" >6V</span><span >染色体特异标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >用这些簇毛麦特异分子标记鉴定辐射诱导材料的部分回交后代</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >选育出小麦背景中只包含单条簇毛麦染色体的整套</span><span lang="EN-US" >1V</span><span >至</span><span lang="EN-US" >7V</span><span >染色体系</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >同时有</span><span lang="EN-US" >18</span><span >条易位染色体的簇毛麦身份得到确定</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >表明这些标记可以用来快速检测普通小麦背景中的簇毛麦染色体或染色体片段。</span></p>
CAO Y P, CAO A Z, WANG X E, CHEN P D . Screening and application of EST-based PCR markers specific to individual chromosomes of
Haynaldia villosa. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2009,35(1):1-10. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00001URLMagsci [本文引用: 1]
<p><span >为定位、转移和利用簇毛麦有益基因</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >通过花粉辐射</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >获得一批包括小麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >-</span><span >簇毛麦易位染色体的异染色体系。为了鉴定这批材料中的簇毛麦染色体身份</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >根据水稻、小麦的</span><span lang="EN-US" >EST</span><span >序列合成了</span><span lang="EN-US" >240</span><span >对</span><span lang="EN-US" >STS</span><span >引物</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >其中</span><span lang="EN-US" >34</span><span >对引物在普通小麦中国春与簇毛麦间存在多态性;进一步对亲本及簇毛麦二体异附加系进行</span><span lang="EN-US" >PCR</span><span >扩增分析</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU32<sub>-300</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >1V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU33<sub>-280</sub></span><span >、</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU34<sub>-510</sub></span><span >、</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU35<sub>-1100</sub></span><span >、</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU36<sub>-380</sub></span><span >和</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU37<sub>-400</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >2V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU38<sub>-250</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >3V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU39<sub>-950</sub></span><span >和</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU40<sub>-800</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >4V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU41<sub>-745</sub></span><span >和</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU42<sub>-1050</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >5V</span><span >染色体</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU44<sub>-765</sub></span><span >和</span><span lang="EN-US" >CINAU45<sub>-495</sub></span><span >可追踪簇毛麦</span><span lang="EN-US" >7V</span><span >染色体。加上本室已开发的</span><span lang="EN-US" >2</span><span >个</span><span lang="EN-US" >6V</span><span >染色体特异标记</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >用这些簇毛麦特异分子标记鉴定辐射诱导材料的部分回交后代</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >选育出小麦背景中只包含单条簇毛麦染色体的整套</span><span lang="EN-US" >1V</span><span >至</span><span lang="EN-US" >7V</span><span >染色体系</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >同时有</span><span lang="EN-US" >18</span><span >条易位染色体的簇毛麦身份得到确定</span><span lang="EN-US" >, </span><span >表明这些标记可以用来快速检测普通小麦背景中的簇毛麦染色体或染色体片段。</span></p>

李珊珊, 曾艳飞, 何彩云, 张建国 . 基于沙棘转录组序列开发EST-SSR分子标记
林业科学研究, 2017,30(1):69-74.

DOI:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.01.010URL [本文引用: 1]
[目的]本研究通过对蒙古沙棘"向阳"品种的转录组序列进行SSR引物开发,为沙棘亲本分析、遗传多样性和遗传育种等研究提供支持。[方法]利用已测得的转录组序列进行分析和筛选,整理具有SSR位点的序列,进行引物设计,随机挑选179条引物进行验证。[结果]得到具有SSR位点的EST序列17 383条,其中,单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸重复基元分别占62.77%、21.82%和13.77%;二核苷酸重复基元类型以AT和AG为主,三核苷酸重复基元类型以AAG、ATC和ATA为主。9 291条序列设计出扩增EST-SSR位点的引物,随机合成的179对引物中,142对扩增成功,选取其中92个位点的扩增产物上机检测,40个SSR位点(43.48%)呈现多态。对扩增稳定且峰图清晰的17个多态位点的进一步分析,得到蒙古沙棘天然群体在各位点的观测杂合度(HO)为0.083 0.875,期望杂合度(HE)为0.180 0.750。[结论]本研究开发出的EST-SSR标记,为后期进行沙棘属植物遗传多样性分析、遗传图谱构建及分子育种等研究提供了重要支持。
LI S S, ZENG Y F, HE C Y, ZHANG J G . Development of EST-SSR markers based on Seabuckthorn transcriptomic sequences
Forest Research, 2017,30(1):69-74. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.13275/j.cnki.lykxyj.2017.01.010URL [本文引用: 1]
[目的]本研究通过对蒙古沙棘"向阳"品种的转录组序列进行SSR引物开发,为沙棘亲本分析、遗传多样性和遗传育种等研究提供支持。[方法]利用已测得的转录组序列进行分析和筛选,整理具有SSR位点的序列,进行引物设计,随机挑选179条引物进行验证。[结果]得到具有SSR位点的EST序列17 383条,其中,单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸重复基元分别占62.77%、21.82%和13.77%;二核苷酸重复基元类型以AT和AG为主,三核苷酸重复基元类型以AAG、ATC和ATA为主。9 291条序列设计出扩增EST-SSR位点的引物,随机合成的179对引物中,142对扩增成功,选取其中92个位点的扩增产物上机检测,40个SSR位点(43.48%)呈现多态。对扩增稳定且峰图清晰的17个多态位点的进一步分析,得到蒙古沙棘天然群体在各位点的观测杂合度(HO)为0.083 0.875,期望杂合度(HE)为0.180 0.750。[结论]本研究开发出的EST-SSR标记,为后期进行沙棘属植物遗传多样性分析、遗传图谱构建及分子育种等研究提供了重要支持。

陈岳, 张微微, 莫海波, 付乃峰, 田代科 . EST-SSR标记构建莲(Nelumbo Adans)遗传连锁图谱
分子植物育种, 2017,15(6):2265-2273.

[本文引用: 1]

CHEN Y, ZHANG W W, MO H B, FU N F, TIAN D K . Construction of a genetic linkage map of lotus (Nelumbo Adans) using EST-SSR markers
Molecular Plant Breeding, 2017,15(6):2265-2273. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

陈勋, 龚自明 . 基于EST-SSR 标记的湖北茶树种质资源遗传多样性分析
分子植物育种, 2017,15(5):1831-1838.

URL [本文引用: 1]
利用EST-SSR标记对76份湖北茶树种质资源遗传多样性和指纹图谱进行了研究。60对引物76份资源共检测到等位基因207个,平均每对引物产生3.45个;共检测到472个基因型,平均每对引物所扩增的基因型有7.87个,遗传多态性信息含量为0.02~0.84,平均0.44,表明SSR标记具有较高的多态性,以及湖北省茶树种质资源多态性属于中度偏高。
CHEN X, GONG Z M . Analysis of genetic diversity with EST-SSR markers for tea germplasm in Hubei province
Molecular Plant Breeding, 2017,15(5):1831-1838. (in Chinese)

URL [本文引用: 1]
利用EST-SSR标记对76份湖北茶树种质资源遗传多样性和指纹图谱进行了研究。60对引物76份资源共检测到等位基因207个,平均每对引物产生3.45个;共检测到472个基因型,平均每对引物所扩增的基因型有7.87个,遗传多态性信息含量为0.02~0.84,平均0.44,表明SSR标记具有较高的多态性,以及湖北省茶树种质资源多态性属于中度偏高。

李翔, 张颖, 许俊强, 宋婷, 李文璐, 董玉梅, 张应华 . 基于EST-SSR 标记的云南黄瓜种质资源遗传多样性分析
分子植物育种, 2016,14(5):1179-1188.

URL [本文引用: 1]
本研究从87对黄瓜EST-SSR引物中筛选出64对多态性引物,对39份云南地方黄瓜材料进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析,281个观察等位基因被检测,平均检测每对引物4.40个,平均Shannon's信息指数为1.08。PIC在0.07~0.84之间,平均为0.55,Ho在0.05~0.92之间,均值为0.56,表明云南地方黄瓜种质资源遗传多样性较丰富。采用非加权类平均法(UPGMA)聚类,聚类分析表明39份云南地方黄瓜材料,当SM为0.665(L1)时,分为3大类群;当SM为0.738(L2)时,分为5个亚类群。二维图主坐标分析方法将其分为4大类群,而三维图主坐标分析方法分为6个亚类群。聚类分析和主坐标分析所获得结果基本一致,三维图主坐标更能较为真实的反映39个云南地方黄瓜材料间的亲缘关系,研究结果可为黄瓜种质资源保存和新品种选育提供依据。
LI X, ZHANG Y, XU J Q, SONG T, LI W L, DONG Y M, ZHANG Y H . Analysis on genetic diversity of local cucumber germplasm resources in Yunnan based on EST-SSR markers
Molecular Plant Breeding, 2016,14(5):1179-1188. (in Chinese)

URL [本文引用: 1]
本研究从87对黄瓜EST-SSR引物中筛选出64对多态性引物,对39份云南地方黄瓜材料进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析,281个观察等位基因被检测,平均检测每对引物4.40个,平均Shannon's信息指数为1.08。PIC在0.07~0.84之间,平均为0.55,Ho在0.05~0.92之间,均值为0.56,表明云南地方黄瓜种质资源遗传多样性较丰富。采用非加权类平均法(UPGMA)聚类,聚类分析表明39份云南地方黄瓜材料,当SM为0.665(L1)时,分为3大类群;当SM为0.738(L2)时,分为5个亚类群。二维图主坐标分析方法将其分为4大类群,而三维图主坐标分析方法分为6个亚类群。聚类分析和主坐标分析所获得结果基本一致,三维图主坐标更能较为真实的反映39个云南地方黄瓜材料间的亲缘关系,研究结果可为黄瓜种质资源保存和新品种选育提供依据。

QI L L, WANG S L, CHEN P D, LIU D J, GILL B S . Identification and physical mapping of three Haynaldia villosa chromosome-6V deletion lines
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1998,97(7):1042-1046.

[本文引用: 1]

ZHANG L D, YUAN D J, YU S W, LI Z G, CAO Y F, MIAO Z Q, QIAN H M, TANG K X . Preference of simple sequence repeats in coding and non-coding regions of Arebidopsis thaliana
. Bioinformations, 2004,20(7):1081-1086.

[本文引用: 2]

张利达, 唐克轩 . 植物EST-SSR标记开发及其应用
基因组学与应用生物学, 2010,29(3):534-541.

DOI:10.3969/gab.029.000534URL [本文引用: 1]
随着生物科技的进步,大量的植物表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,ESTs)已经成为开发SSR标记的重要资源。EST-SSR作为一种新型分子标记,其多态性可能与基因功能直接相关,而且在相近植物间具有良好通用性,使得EST-SSR标记在实际应用中更具价值。采用计算机方法大规模发掘EST-SSR多态性位点极大地提高了SSR标记开发效率。尤其随着新一代测序技术的成熟以及测序成本的急剧下降,利用新一代测序技术产生大量的转录组数据进行EST-SSR多态性标记的计算机大规模发掘将对SSR标记的开发带来深远影响。本文简要介绍了植物EST-SSR分布特点,并对EST-SSR标记开发现状以及相关应用作了综合评述,此外,还对EST-SSR标记的计算机开发新策略进行了展望。
ZHANG L D, TANG K X . Development of plant EST-SSR markers and its application
Genomics and Applied Biology, 2010,29(3):534-541. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/gab.029.000534URL [本文引用: 1]
随着生物科技的进步,大量的植物表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags,ESTs)已经成为开发SSR标记的重要资源。EST-SSR作为一种新型分子标记,其多态性可能与基因功能直接相关,而且在相近植物间具有良好通用性,使得EST-SSR标记在实际应用中更具价值。采用计算机方法大规模发掘EST-SSR多态性位点极大地提高了SSR标记开发效率。尤其随着新一代测序技术的成熟以及测序成本的急剧下降,利用新一代测序技术产生大量的转录组数据进行EST-SSR多态性标记的计算机大规模发掘将对SSR标记的开发带来深远影响。本文简要介绍了植物EST-SSR分布特点,并对EST-SSR标记开发现状以及相关应用作了综合评述,此外,还对EST-SSR标记的计算机开发新策略进行了展望。

GAO L F, TANG J F, LI H W, JIA J Z . Analysis of microsatellites in major crops assessed by computational and experimental approaches
Molecular Breeding, 2003,12:245-261.

DOI:10.1023/A:1026346121217URL [本文引用: 4]
Over 85Mb publicly available expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from four agronomically important crops were used to search for the types and frequencies of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) with motif length of 1-6bp. The frequency of EST-SSRs was one in 11.81kb in rice, 17.42kb in wheat, 23.80kb in soybean, and 28.32kb in maize, respectively. Trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant SSR types with up to 47 trinucleotide repeat units in 100kb ESTs. Compared with dicots, monocots contained GC-rich tri- and hexa- motifs, especially rice where 23.6 CCG motif occurred in 100kb ESTs. 597 EST-SSR primer pairs were designed for wheat, of which, 478 primer pairs had successful PCR amplifications. The percentage of polymorphism was up to 41.8% among wheat varieties, that could be used to construct a transcriptional map of wheat. Cross-species amplification was detected. Among the 478 functional primers from wheat, 255 EST-SSRs amplified fragments in rice, maize and soybean way, indicating high degree of transferability between species, that facilitate comparative mapping and homologous gene cloning.

文亚峰, 韩文军, 周宏, 徐刚标 . 杉木转录组SSR挖掘及EST-SSR标记规模化开发
林业科学, 2015,51(11):40-49.

DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20151106URL [本文引用: 1]
【目的】为解决杉木SSR标记数量不足、已开发的位点多态性较差等问题,以杉木转录组测序数据为基础,结合多重PCR技术批量挖掘SSR,规模化开发EST-SSR位点,为杉木分子遗传学研究奠定良好基础。【方法】杉木转录组序列数据(Accession:SRX151872)从NCBI的SRA数据库下载。利用CLC和CMi B软件批量挖掘SSR位点;利用四色荧光标记通用引物多重PCR(multiplex-PCR)技术实现SSR标记的规模化开发。【结果】杉木转录组de novo assembly序列拼接共得到35 633个contigs,总长度31.5 Mb,其中最小拼接长度155 bp,最大23 794 bp,平均长度884 bp。得到2 156个SSR位点,分布于1 822个contigs中,其中256个contigs中包含1个以上SSR位点,复合型SSR数量为118个,SSR平均分布密度为68.4个/Mb。不同SSR重复单元(motif)中,三核苷酸SSR重复单元数量最多,占总数的41.7%。批量引物设计得到1 582个有效位点的引物对,占SSR位点总数的73.4%。利用四色荧光标记通用引物多重PCR检测技术,对35个候选标记位点进行多态性检测,其中28个位点具有多态性,多态性位点比例达到80%,检测位点多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.573,表明所开发的EST-SSR位点具有很高的多态性。PCA分析结果表明,28个EST-SSR多态性位点具有很强的鉴别杉木不同地理种源,甚至同一种源不同单株的能力。【结论】将转录组SSRs挖掘和四色荧光标记通用引物多重PCR技术相结合,成功建立杉木EST-SSR高效开发流程和方法,得到较多高质量的EST-SSR标记位点,这些位点已用于后续杉木遗传多样性保护研究。与传统SSR标记位点开发技术相比较,转录组海量序列为高质量多态性位点的选择可提供充足的数据保证。四色荧光标记通用引物基因分型结果清晰、稳定可靠,不但试验成本仅为原来的10%~15%,而且结合多重PCR扩增技术,可使试验效率提高5~6倍。新方法的建立和应用不仅能促进杉木分子遗传学相关研究,而且对其他非模式生物或新物种SSR标记开发也具有重要的参考作用。
WEN Y F, HAN W J, ZHOU H, XU G B . SSR mining and development of EST-SSR markers for Cunninghamia lanceolata based on transcriptome sequences
Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015,51(11):40-49. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20151106URL [本文引用: 1]
【目的】为解决杉木SSR标记数量不足、已开发的位点多态性较差等问题,以杉木转录组测序数据为基础,结合多重PCR技术批量挖掘SSR,规模化开发EST-SSR位点,为杉木分子遗传学研究奠定良好基础。【方法】杉木转录组序列数据(Accession:SRX151872)从NCBI的SRA数据库下载。利用CLC和CMi B软件批量挖掘SSR位点;利用四色荧光标记通用引物多重PCR(multiplex-PCR)技术实现SSR标记的规模化开发。【结果】杉木转录组de novo assembly序列拼接共得到35 633个contigs,总长度31.5 Mb,其中最小拼接长度155 bp,最大23 794 bp,平均长度884 bp。得到2 156个SSR位点,分布于1 822个contigs中,其中256个contigs中包含1个以上SSR位点,复合型SSR数量为118个,SSR平均分布密度为68.4个/Mb。不同SSR重复单元(motif)中,三核苷酸SSR重复单元数量最多,占总数的41.7%。批量引物设计得到1 582个有效位点的引物对,占SSR位点总数的73.4%。利用四色荧光标记通用引物多重PCR检测技术,对35个候选标记位点进行多态性检测,其中28个位点具有多态性,多态性位点比例达到80%,检测位点多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.573,表明所开发的EST-SSR位点具有很高的多态性。PCA分析结果表明,28个EST-SSR多态性位点具有很强的鉴别杉木不同地理种源,甚至同一种源不同单株的能力。【结论】将转录组SSRs挖掘和四色荧光标记通用引物多重PCR技术相结合,成功建立杉木EST-SSR高效开发流程和方法,得到较多高质量的EST-SSR标记位点,这些位点已用于后续杉木遗传多样性保护研究。与传统SSR标记位点开发技术相比较,转录组海量序列为高质量多态性位点的选择可提供充足的数据保证。四色荧光标记通用引物基因分型结果清晰、稳定可靠,不但试验成本仅为原来的10%~15%,而且结合多重PCR扩增技术,可使试验效率提高5~6倍。新方法的建立和应用不仅能促进杉木分子遗传学相关研究,而且对其他非模式生物或新物种SSR标记开发也具有重要的参考作用。

KASHKUSH K, FELDMAN M, LEVY A A . Silencing and activation in a newly synthesized wheat allotetraploid
Genetics, 2002,160(4):1651-1659.

DOI:10.1017/S0016672301005511URLPMID:11973318 [本文引用: 1]
Abstract We analyzed the events that affect gene structure and expression in the early stages of allopolyploidy in wheat. The transcriptome response was studied by analyzing 3072 transcripts in the first generation of a synthetic allotetraploid (genome S(l)S(l)A(m)A(m)), which resembles tetraploid wheat (genome BBAA), and in its two diploid progenitors Aegilops sharonensis (S(l)S(l)) and Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides (A(m)A(m)). The expression of 60 out of 3072 transcripts was reproducibly altered in the allotetraploid: 48 transcripts disappeared and 12 were activated. Transcript disappearance was caused by gene silencing or by gene loss. Gene silencing affected one or both homeologous loci and was associated in part with cytosine methylation. Gene loss or methylation had occurred already in the F(1) intergeneric hybrid or in the allotetraploid, depending on the locus. The silenced/lost genes included rRNA genes and genes involved in metabolism, disease resistance, and cell cycle regulation. The activated genes with a known function were all retroelements. These findings show that wide hybridization and chromosome doubling affect gene expression via genetic and epigenetic alterations immediately upon allopolyploid formation. These events contribute to the genetic diploidization of newly formed allopolyploids.
相关话题/序列 基因 遗传 鉴定 材料