This study was supported by the National Science and Technology Projects for Rural Areas during the “12th Five-Year Plan”.2015BAD22B05-03
作者简介 About authors E-mail:623544182@qq.com。
摘要 针对宁夏扬黄灌区沙质土壤肥力贫瘠、养分利用率低以及农田生产力弱等问题。通过两年连续田间定位试验, 采用裂区试验设计, 主处理为不施有机肥(-M)处理和施有机肥3000 kg hm -2 (+M)处理, 副处理为施纯氮0 (N0)、75 (N75)、150 (N125)、225 (N225)和300 kg hm -2(N300) 5个不同氮肥用量, 进行滴灌条件下有机肥与氮肥配合施用对玉米产量及土壤肥力状况的研究, 探讨施肥对土壤养分、玉米产量的影响, 以选择最佳的肥料配比, 从而达到玉米高产、优质和土壤培肥的目的。结果表明, 有机肥配施氮肥能有效增加土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾和速效磷含量, 促进春玉米干物质累积并提高产量, 以有机肥配施纯氮300 kg hm -2和225 kg hm -2处理的培肥效果最佳。有机肥配施氮150、225和300 kg hm -2处理间的玉米产量无显著差异, 但较不施氮肥处理产量分别提高了74.21%、91.33%和81.23%, 施有机肥处理较不施有机肥处理平均增产24.28%。在试验区的推荐施肥量为3000 kg hm -2有机肥配施225~300 kg hm -2氮肥。 关键词:滴灌;有机肥;氮肥;玉米产量;水肥状况
Abstract The study focused on the problems of poor fertility, low nutrient utilization and weak productivity in sandy soil of Ningxia provinces. A two-year of continuous field positioning experiment designed by split block, the main treatment for non-organic fertilizer (-M) and organic fertilizer 3000 kg hm -2(+M) treatment, and the secondary treatment for pure nitrogen of 0 (N0), 75 (N75), 125 (N125), 225 (N225), and 300 (N300) kg hm -2, total 5 different nitrogen fertilizer dosages. The aim for this study was to screen the best fertilizer combination for improving soil fertility and achieving high yield, high quality of corn. The application of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer could effectively increase the contents of soil organic matter, total N, total P, available K, and available P, the dry matter accumulation and grain yield of maize, and two treatments of applying organic fertilizer 3000 kg hm -2combined with pure nitrogen of 300 kg hm -2 and 225 kg hm -2 performed the best. There was no significant difference in yield among the treatments of organic fertilizer combined with pure nitrogen of 150, 225, and 300 kg hm -2, these three treatments increased maize yield by 74.21%, 91.33%, and 81.23% respectively compared with that of the treatment without organic fertilizer, and the average yield of organic fertilizer treatments was 24.28% higher than that of non-organic fertilizer treatments. Organic fertilizer combined with pure nitrogen of 225 kg hm -2 to 300 kg hm -2 is recommended in the test area. Keywords:drip irrigation;organic fertilizer;nitrogen fertilizer;maize yield;water-fertilizer status
PDF (401KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 王艳丽, 吴鹏年, 李培富, 王西娜, 朱旭. 有机肥配施氮肥对滴灌春玉米产量及土壤肥力状况的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(8): 1230-1237. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83080 WANG Yan-Li, WU Peng-Nian, LI Pei-Fu, WANG Xi-Na, ZHU Xu. Effects of organic manure combined with nitrogen fertilizer on spring maize yield and soil fertility under drip irrigation[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(8): 1230-1237. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.83080
Fig. 1Daily precipitation and mean temperature in growth period in 2016-2017
该区属盐环定扬黄灌溉区, 开垦多年, 因周边过度放牧, 原灰钙土表层被深厚风积沙土层覆盖, 土壤沙性。播前0~40 cm土层土壤容重为1.77 g cm-3, 总孔隙度33.3%, 含有机质4.43 g kg-1、全氮0.20 g kg-1、全磷0.29 g kg-1、全钾19.36 g kg-1、碱解氮24.55 mg kg-1、速效磷4.65 mg kg-1、速效钾67.50 mg kg-1、全盐0.41 mg kg-1, pH 8.61。
1.2 试验设计和田间管理
采用裂区设计, 设置有机肥水平和氮肥水平2个处理, 主处理为不施有机肥(-M)和施有机肥(+M, 3000 kg hm-2), 在2016年全部做基肥施入; 副处理为5个施氮水平即不施氮肥(N0)、施氮75 kg hm-2 (N75)、施氮150 kg hm-2 (N150)、施氮225 kg hm-2 (N225)和施氮300 kg hm-2 (N300), 3次重复, 共30个小区, 小区面积为80 m2 (10 m × 8 m)。
Table 2 表2 表22016年和2017年成熟期有机肥配施氮肥对耕层(0~40 cm)土壤养分的影响 Table 2Effects of organic manure combined with nitrogen fertilizer on nutrients in 0-40 cm soil layer during the mature period in 2016 and 2017
处理 Treatment
有机质 SOM (g kg-1)
全氮 Total N (g kg-1)
全磷 Total P (g kg-1)
碱解氮 Alkaline N (mg kg-1)
速效磷 Available P (mg kg-1)
速效钾 Available K (mg kg-1)
2016
2017
2016
2017
2016
2017
2016
2017
2016
2017
2016
2017
-M-N0
4.59 e
5.36 e
0.33 e
0.57 e
0.34 d
0.56 e
25.32 c
30.26 e
5.04 d
6.81 e
68.65 e
73.52 e
-M+N75
4.87 d
5.62 d
0.42 d
0.68 d
0.38 d
0.63 d
25.48 c
31.32 d
5.20 c
7.06 d
78.10 d
83.40 d
-M+N150
5.14 c
5.79 c
0.55 c
0.83 c
0.45 c
0.69 c
25.67 b
33.74 c
5.34 b
7.34 c
97.01 c
106.91 c
-M+N225
5.42 b
5.96 b
0.68 b
0.92 b
0.55 b
0.77 b
25.79 ab
36.06 b
5.55 a
7.52 b
133.75 a
176.77 a
-M+N300
5.77 a
6.17 a
0.83 a
0.97 a
0.59 a
0.82 a
25.96 a
36.47 a
5.54 a
7.66 a
123.56 b
134.93 b
+M-N0
4.62 e
5.51 e
0.38 e
0.65 e
0.35 d
0.59 e
25.43 c
32.60 e
5.14 d
6.94 d
70.14 e
82.91 e
+M+N75
5.00 d
5.71 d
0.45 d
0.76 d
0.42 c
0.66 d
25.57 bc
33.62 d
5.30 c
7.21 c
87.21 d
98.73 d
+M+N150
5.26 c
5.80 c
0.66 c
0.88 c
0.51 b
0.74 c
25.74 b
34.81 c
5.45 b
7.40 b
104.62 c
107.86 c
+M+N225
5.56 b
6.08 b
0.78 b
0.95 b
0.59 a
0.81 b
26.01 a
36.86 b
5.68 a
7.83 a
149.20 a
186.62 a
+M+N300
5.93 a
6.39 a
0.89 a
0.99 a
0.63 a
0.88 a
26.10 a
39.32 a
5.43 b
7.80 a
135.88 b
154.98 b
M
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
N
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
M×N
ns
*
ns
ns
*
*
ns
ns
ns
*
*
*
Values followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05. * indicates significance (P < 0.05), ns indicates no significance (P > 0.05). -M-N0: no organic fertilizer and no nitrogen fertilizer; -M+N75: no organic fertilizer + pure nitrogen 75 kg hm-2 ; -M+N150: no organic fertilizer + pure nitrogen 150 kg hm-2; -M+N225: no organic fertilizer + pure nitrogen 225 kg hm-2; -M+N300: no organic fertilizer + pure nitrogen 300 kg hm-2 ; +M-N0: organic fertilizer 3000 kg hm-2 + no nitrogen fertilizer; +M+N75: organic fertilizer 3000 kg hm-2 + pure nitrogen 75 kg hm-2 ; +M+N150: organic fertilizer 3000 kg hm-2 + pure nitrogen with 150 kg hm-2; +M+N225: organic fertilizer 3000 kg hm-2 + pure nitrogen 225 kg hm-2; +M+N300: organic fertilizer 3000 kg hm-2 + pure nitrogen 300 kg hm-2; M: organic fertilizer, N: nitrogen fertilizer, M × N : interaction effects between organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. 同列标以不同小写字母的数值在0.05水平差异显著。*表示差异显著(P < 0.05), ns表示差异不显著(P > 0.05)。-M-N0: 不施有机肥不施氮肥; -M+N75: 不施有机肥, 施氮75 kg hm-2; -M+N150: 不施有机肥, 施氮150 kg hm-2; -M+N225: 不施有机肥, 施氮225 kg hm-2; -M+N300: 不施有机肥, 施氮300 kg hm-2; +M-N0: 施有机肥3000 kg hm-2 , 不施氮肥; +M+N75: 施有机肥3000 kg hm-2 , 施氮75 kg hm-2; +M+N150: 施有机肥3000 kg hm-2, 施氮150 kg hm-2; +M+N225: 施有机肥3000 kg hm-2, 施氮225 kg hm-2; +M+N300: 施有机肥3000 kg hm-2, 施氮300 kg hm-2 。M表示有机肥, N表示氮肥, M×N表示有机肥与氮肥的交互作用。
Table 3 表3 表3有机肥配施氮肥对玉米关键生育期地上部干物质的影响 Table 3Effects of organic manure combined with nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter of maize at key growth stages (kg hm-2)
处理 Treatment
2016年
2017年
拔节期 Jointing period
抽雄期 Tasseling period
灌浆期 Filling period
成熟期 Mature period
拔节期 Jointing period
抽雄期 Tasseling period
灌浆期 Filling period
成熟期 Mature period
-M-N0
1689 e
8154 d
9981 d
22748 c
2614 c
10080 b
11214 b
23355 d
-M+N75
1830 d
8511 c
11373 c
23346 bc
2885 b
10377 b
11625 b
24148 c
-M+N150
2108 c
8757 c
11631 bc
23734 ab
2903 b
10539 b
13062 a
24786 c
-M+N225
2311 b
9519 ab
11940 ab
24127 a
3330 a
11265 a
13431 a
25519 b
-M+N300
2525 a
10197 a
12240 a
24222 a
3511 a
11205 a
13704 a
26537 a
+M-N0
2440 d
10656 d
12804 d
24158 d
2655 c
11403 b
13815 c
25372 d
+M+N75
2577 c
11370 c
13869 c
25531 c
2673 bc
11625 b
14697 bc
27062 c
+M+N150
2606 c
11628 bc
14508 b
25859 c
2866 bc
12282 a
15114 b
28788 b
+M+N225
2863 b
11790 b
14979 ab
28355 a
2902 bc
12633 a
16788 a
29664 a
+M+N300
3056 a
12132 a
15234 a
27384 b
3159 a
12447 a
16731 a
30384 a
M
ns
ns
*
*
ns
*
*
*
N
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
M×N
ns
ns
ns
*
ns
*
*
*
Values followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05. * indicates significance (P < 0.05), ns indicates no significance (P > 0.05). Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 同列标以不同小写字母的数值在0.05水平差异显著。*表示差异显著(P < 0.05), ns表示差异不显著(P > 0.05)。缩写同表1。
标以不同小写字母的柱值在0.05水平差异显著。*表示差异显著(P < 0.05), ns表示差异不显著(P > 0.05)。缩写同表1。 Fig. 2Effects of organic manure combined with nitrogen fertilizer on maize yield in 2016 and 2017
Bars superscripted by different letters are significantly different among different treatments in the same year at P < 0.05. * indicates significance (P < 0.05); ns indicates no significance (P > 0.05). Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1.
Table 4 表4 表4有机肥配施氮肥对玉米水肥利用效率的影响 Table 4Effects of organic manure combined with nitrogen fertilizer on water use efficiency of maize
处理 Treatment
产量 Yield (kg hm-2)
氮肥偏生产力 NPFP
氮肥农学效率 AE
耗水量 ET (mm)
水分利用效率 WUE (kg hm-2 mm-1)
2016
2017
2016
2017
2016
2017
2016
2017
2016
2017
-M-N0
7246 c
8556 d
576 a
602 a
12.58 d
14.21 c
-M+N75
9585 b
9956 cd
127.79 a
137.18 a
31.18 a
23.10 a
563 b
583 b
17.02 c
17.65 b
-M+N150
10972 ab
11276 bc
73.15 b
72.95 b
24.84 b
15.91 c
557 b
579 c
19.70 bc
18.90 b
-M+N225
12407 a
12620 ab
55.14 c
56.09 c
22.94 b
18.06 b
549 c
572 c
22.60 a
22.06 a
-M+N300
11918 a
13880 a
39.73 d
46.27 c
15.57 c
17.75 b
548 c
565 d
21.75 ab
24.57 a
+M-N0
11575 c
9612 b
537 a
549 a
21.55 d
17.51 d
+M+N75
12498 bc
13054 a
166.63 a
174.05 a
12.30 b
37.01 a
531 ab
537 b
23.54 c
23.07 c
+M+N150
13562 ab
13966 a
90.41 b
93.11 b
13.25 ab
30.80 b
523 b
529 c
25.93 b
26.90 b
+M+N225
14875 a
15359 a
66.11 c
68.26 c
16.15 a
28.51 b
513 c
518 d
29.65 a
30.94 a
+M+N300
14275 ab
14363 a
47.58 d
48.87 d
8.56 c
19.17 c
504 d
510 e
28.06 a
30.12 a
Values followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 同列标以不同小写字母的数值在0.05水平差异显著。缩写同表1。
在施用有机肥基础上, 玉米生育期耗水量有所降低, 以配施纯氮300 kg hm-2处理降低最显著。有机肥配施氮肥能有效提高土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾和速效磷含量, 其中以有机肥配施纯氮300 kg hm-2和225 kg hm-2处理表现最佳, 可显著增加干物质积累量。与不施有机肥不施氮肥处理相比, 有机肥配施纯氮150 kg hm-2处理、225 kg hm-2处理和 300 kg hm-2能够改善玉米生育期土壤肥力状况, 实现增产。
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王晓娟, 贾志宽, 梁连友, 韩清芳, 杨保平, 丁瑞霞, 崔荣美, 卫婷 . 旱地施有机肥对土壤水分和玉米经济效益影响 , 2012,28(6):144-149. Magsci [本文引用: 1] 为了探明不同有机肥施用量对渭北旱塬土壤水分及玉米经济效益的影响,于2007-2010年在渭北旱塬进行了3 个水平的有机肥施用量(7 500、15 000和22 500 kg/hm2)配施等量化肥试验,以单施化肥为对照(CK)。结果表明,施肥第4年(2010年),有机肥处理可显著提高大喇叭口期土壤贮水量11.49%~21.63%;高量有机肥处理比低量有机肥处理可显著提高大喇叭口期土壤贮水量9.09%。高量有机肥处理200 cm土层平均贮水量比对照高4.79%~7.65%(差异显著)。中量有机肥处理施肥第4年可显著提高200 cm土层平均贮水量6.50%。施有机肥能显著增加玉米水分利用效率12.37%~37.55%。高、中量有机肥处理的水分利用效率较低量有机肥处理有显著增加。随有机肥施用年限延长,土壤状况不再是影响作物水分利用效率提高的主要因子。该研究表明,中量有机肥处理蓄水保墒增收效应明显。 Wang XJ, Jia ZK, Liang LY, Han QF, Yang BP, Ding RX, Cui RM, WeiT . Effects of organic fertilizer application on soil moisture and economic benefits of maize in dry land Trans CSAE, 2012,28(6):144-149 (in Chinese with English abstract). Magsci [本文引用: 1] 为了探明不同有机肥施用量对渭北旱塬土壤水分及玉米经济效益的影响,于2007-2010年在渭北旱塬进行了3 个水平的有机肥施用量(7 500、15 000和22 500 kg/hm2)配施等量化肥试验,以单施化肥为对照(CK)。结果表明,施肥第4年(2010年),有机肥处理可显著提高大喇叭口期土壤贮水量11.49%~21.63%;高量有机肥处理比低量有机肥处理可显著提高大喇叭口期土壤贮水量9.09%。高量有机肥处理200 cm土层平均贮水量比对照高4.79%~7.65%(差异显著)。中量有机肥处理施肥第4年可显著提高200 cm土层平均贮水量6.50%。施有机肥能显著增加玉米水分利用效率12.37%~37.55%。高、中量有机肥处理的水分利用效率较低量有机肥处理有显著增加。随有机肥施用年限延长,土壤状况不再是影响作物水分利用效率提高的主要因子。该研究表明,中量有机肥处理蓄水保墒增收效应明显。
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