关键词:水稻; 机插; 分蘖成穗; 优势蘖位; 气象因子; 产量 Effect of Different Seeding and Transplanting Dates on Tillering Characteristics of Super IndicaHybrid Rice with Mechanized Seeding and Planting and Its Relationships with Meteorological Factors ZHONG Xiao-Yuan1, ZHAO Min1, LI Jun-Jie2, CHEN Duo1, TIAN Qing-Lan1, WANG Li1, HUANG Guang-Zhong3, REN Wan-Jun1,* 1 College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest China, Wenjiang 611130, China
2 Pixian Meteorological Bureau, Pixian 611730, China
3 Pixian Bureau of Rural Development, Pixian 611730, China
Fund:This study was supported by the National Grain Bumper Science and Technology Project (2013BAD07B13-02) and China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303102) AbstractIn order to explore tillering characteristics and its relationships with meteorological factors in super indica hybrid rice with mechanized seeding and planting with different seeding and transplanting dates, a split plot field experiment was conducted using super indica hybrid rice F you 498 and Yixiangyou 2115 with seedling age of 30 days and treatments of five seeding dates including March 21 (S1), March 31 (S2), April 10 (S3), April 20 (S4), April 30 (S5), and five transplanting dates including April 21, May 1, May 11, May 21, and May 31. Rice yield was significantly different under different seeding and transplanting dates, and decreased with delaying sowing dates. Yield of rice seeded on March 21 was the highest, while that on April 30 was the lowest. The main stem contribution to yield was (S1-S4) < S5. The total contribution of primary tillers and secondary tillers group to yield was (S1-S4) > S5. Leaf 3 to leaf 6 with seeding date on S1, and leaves 3 to 5 from S2 to S5 were the superior leaf positions. Leaf positions of tiller emerging and earbearing tended to centralize with delaying sowing and transplanting dates. Primary tillers of F you 498 emerged mainly from 3/0 to 7/0 when seeding from S1 to S4, while emerged mainly from 3/0 to 6/0 when seeding on S5. Primary tillers of Yixiangyou 2115 emerged mainly from 3/0 to 7/0 when seeding on S1, while emerged mainly from 3/0 to 6/0 when seeding from S2 to S5. Primary tillers earbeared mainly from 3/0 to 6/0 when seeding on S1, while that was mainly from 3/0 to 5/0 when seeding from S2 to S5. Secondary tillers emerged and earbeared mainly from leaf 3 to leaf 4 on main stem. Primary and secondary tillers emerging rate was significantly negatively correlated with average relative humidity, while significantly positively correlated with average diurnal temperature range, accumulated temperature and average sunshine hours at tillering stage. The primary tiller earbearing rate was significantly negatively correlated with average relative humidity and average temperature at tillering stage, while significantly positively correlated with average diurnal temperature range at tillering stage, while significantly negatively correlated with average relative humidity at inflorescence differentiation stage, while significantly positively correlated with average sunshine hours. In comprehensive view, planting before May 11 will be more beneficial to higher yield, planting before May 21 will be in favour of stable yield, while planting after May 21 will decrease yield of rice in Chengdu plain.
Keyword:Rice; Mechanized planting; Tillering with earbearing; Superior leaf position; Meteorological factor; Yield Show Figures Show Figures
表2 不同播栽期机插超级杂交籼稻分蘖发生蘖位及发生率 Table 2 Tiller leaf position and emerging rate of mechanical superindica hybrid rice with different seeding and transplanting dates (%)
叶位 Leaf position
F优498 F you 498
均值 Mean
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115
均值 Mean
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
一次分蘖 Primary tiller
2/0
31.0
25.6
16.4
6.4
19.7
19.8 b
60.3
44.5
26.4
10.4
34.6
35.2 a
3/0
91.5
83.6
74.5
91.1
95.7
87.3 b
97.5
93.6
87.0
98.1
98.1
94.8 a
4/0
99.2
98.2
100.0
98.9
100.0
99.3 a
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.2
99.2
99.7 a
5/0
99.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.8 a
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0 a
6/0
99.1
100.0
99.2
100.0
95.6
98.8 a
99.2
97.8
99.2
98.3
88.1
96.5 a
7/0
97.4
98.1
84.7
72.6
58.9
82.4 a
86.9
63.9
56.3
64.7
38.3
62.0 b
8/0
52.8
22.6
11.1
15.5
1.7
20.7 a
19.7
0
2.0
3.9
0
5.1 b
9/0
6.1
0
0
0.9
0
1.4 a
2.5
0
0
0
0
0.5 a
二次分蘖 Secondary tiller
2
12.6
10.6
7.0
0.8
6.8
7.6 b
30.9
19.6
12.5
4.7
14.6
16.5 a
3
47.0
37.0
33.6
38.5
32.0
37.6 b
56.7
48.8
49.3
52.1
51.2
51.6 a
4
44.6
31.8
28.9
39.7
36.9
36.4 a
40.6
35.0
38.2
45.8
37.1
39.3 a
5
24.2
12.5
16.8
18.7
11.0
16.6 a
25.8
22.5
19.9
24.9
6.4
19.9 a
6
8.1
0.5
0.4
2.5
0
2.3 a
1.3
0
0
1.7
0
0.6 b
S1: March 21; S2: March 31; S3: April 10; S4: April 20; S5: April 30. Values within a row followed by a different small letter are significantly different at P< 5%. S1: 3月21日; S2: 3月31日; S3: 4月10日; S4: 4月20日; S5: 4月30日。标以不同小写字母的值差异达5%显著水平。
表2 不同播栽期机插超级杂交籼稻分蘖发生蘖位及发生率 Table 2 Tiller leaf position and emerging rate of mechanical superindica hybrid rice with different seeding and transplanting dates (%)
表3 Table 3 表3(Table 3)
表3 不同播栽期机插超级杂交籼稻分蘖成穗蘖位及成穗率 Table 3 Panicle leaf position and earbearing tiller percentage of mechanical super indica hybrid rice with different seeding and transplanting dates (%)
叶位 Leaf position
F优498 F you 498
平均值 Mean
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115
平均值 Mean
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
一次分蘖 Primary tiller
2/0
95.2
80.0
63.9
56.0
64.8
70.8 a
93.1
76.9
97.6
58.3
80.8
81.3 a
3/0
97.8
94.7
96.0
96.9
95.3
96.1 b
99.1
99.1
100.0
98.9
99.1
99.2 a
4/0
99.1
98.1
97.8
100.0
100.0
99.0 a
98.3
100.0
99.1
98.9
100.0
99.3 a
5/0
98.9
97.2
98.9
97.5
90.3
96.5 a
99.2
100.0
99.1
100.0
85.2
96.7 a
6/0
90.6
61.9
69.0
74.9
34.7
66.2 a
78.3
47.1
48.3
61.0
31.4
53.2 b
7/0
39.0
8.7
5.6
9.5
2.3
13.0 a
15.0
4.0
8.9
1.1
3.2
6.4 b
8/0
11.8
2.1
0
3.3
0
3.4 a
7.1
0
0
0
0
1.4 a
9/0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0 a
16.7
0
0
0
0
3.3 a
二次分蘖 Secondary tiller
2
26.0
8.2
5.7
0.0
6.4
9.27 b
40.3
21.5
27.1
13.4
19.2
24.3 a
3
23.5
13.0
17.0
16.2
8.7
15.7 b
32.5
29.1
26.0
33.0
29.9
30.1 a
4
23.1
4.7
4.0
14.4
9.9
11.2 a
12.4
11.8
8.0
15.9
9.1
11.5 a
5
4.8
0
1.7
0
0
1.3 a
11.1
1.3
0
0
0
2.5 a
6
6.9
0
0
0
0
0 a
0
0
0
0
0
1.4 a
表3 不同播栽期机插超级杂交籼稻分蘖成穗蘖位及成穗率 Table 3 Panicle leaf position and earbearing tiller percentage of mechanical super indica hybrid rice with different seeding and transplanting dates (%)
表4 Table 4 表4(Table 4)
表4 不同播栽期下各蘖位茎蘖对产量的贡献率 Table 4 Contribution of stem and tillers in each leaf position to yield with different seeding and transplanting dates (%)
叶位 Leaf position
F优498 F you 498
平均 Mean
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115
平均 Mean
F值 F-value
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S
V
S× V
主茎 Main stem
20.12 d
25.30 b
25.97 ab
22.79 c
27.34 a
24.30 a
18.54 c
21.29 b
22.68 ab
21.67 b
24.71 a
21.78 b
27.22*
25.96*
1.55
一次分蘖 Primary tiller
2/0
3.83
4.80
4.82
10.68
3.31
5.49
8.62
6.70
4.83
1.75
4.45
5.27
3/0
15.94
15.90
15.01
18.99
20.61
17.29
16.86
18.26
18.45
18.61
21.50
18.74
4/0
18.16
21.48
22.26
19.66
23.63
21.04
16.26
21.14
21.75
21.00
21.49
20.33
5/0
14.35
19.00
19.73
12.77
17.12
16.60
14.08
17.41
18.43
18.28
16.93
17.03
6/0
12.56
9.04
9.20
7.20
4.19
8.44
10.16
6.26
6.70
8.08
2.93
6.83
7/0
4.34
1.06
0.43
1.03
0.18
1.41
0.92
0.46
0.49
0.18
0.07
0.42
8/0
0.82
0.07
0.18
0.47
0.09
9/0
0.06
0.01
0.14
0.03
合计Total
70.07 abc
71.35 ab
71.44 a
70.33 abc
69.04 bc
70.45 a
67.50 bc
70.23 ab
70.66 a
67.90 bc
67.36 c
68.73 b
2.83
58.91*
0.28
二次分蘖 Secondary tiller
2
0.54
0.53
0.19
0.34
0.32
4.40
1.46
1.45
0.27
0.73
1.66
3
3.82
2.19
1.69
3.69
1.04
2.48
7.12
5.40
4.13
6.00
6.30
5.79
4
4.97
0.63
0.64
2.31
2.25
2.16
1.82
1.45
1.08
3.95
0.90
1.84
5
0.37
0.06
0.09
0.62
0.08
0.19
0.18
6
0.11
0.02
合计 Total
9.81 a
3.35 bc
2.59 c
6.00 b
3.62 bc
5.07 b
13.96 a
8.40 bc
6.66 c
10.42 ab
7.93 bc
9.47 a
10.12*
89.77*
0.05
S1: March 21; S2: March 31; S3: April 10; S4: April 20; S5: April 30. Values within a row followed by a different small letter are significantly different at P< 5%. * , * * denote significance in variance analysis at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. S1: 3月21日; S2: 3月31日; S3: 4月10日; S4: 4月20日; S5: 4月30日。标以不同小写字母的值差异达5%显著水平。* , * * 分别表示方差分析在0.05和0.01水平上显著。
表4 不同播栽期下各蘖位茎蘖对产量的贡献率 Table 4 Contribution of stem and tillers in each leaf position to yield with different seeding and transplanting dates (%)
表5 不同播栽期下机插超级杂交籼稻产量 Table 5 Grain yield of mechanical superindica hybrid rice cultivar with different seeding and transplanting dates
处理 Treatment
品种 Variety
2014
2015
产量 Grain yield (t hm-2)
有效穗数 Number of effective panicles (panicle m-2)
产量 Grain yield (t hm-2)
有效穗数 Number of effective panicles (panicle m-2)
S1
F优498 F you 498
12.58 a
216.53 b
14.18 a
261.39 b
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115
12.49 a
238.24 a
12.97 b
282.50 a
S2
F优498 F you 498
12.33 a
215.18 a
13.55 a
231.44 b
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115
12.33 a
223.70 a
11.75 b
244.33 a
S3
F优498 F you 498
12.19 a
198.80 b
12.00 a
213.89 b
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115
11.78 a
221.30 a
11.53 a
232.33 a
S4
F优498 F you 498
12.11 a
217.23 b
11.98 a
209.56 a
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115
11.31 b
233.99 a
10.05 b
212.34 a
S5
F优498 F you 498
11.38 a
224.26 a
10.64 a
196.67 b
宜香优2115 Yixiangyou 2115
10.26 b
232.31 a
9.42 b
206.55 a
处理 Treatment
品种 Variety
2014
2015
产量 Grain yield (t hm-2)
有效穗数 Number of effective panicles (panicle m-2)
产量 Grain yield (t hm-2)
有效穗数 Number of effective panicles (panicle m-2)
S1
12.53 a
227.38 a
13.58 a
271.95 a
S2
12.33 ab
219.44 ab
12.65 b
237.89 b
S3
11.99 ab
210.05 b
11.77 c
223.11 c
S4
11.71 b
225.61 a
11.02 d
210.95 d
S5
10.82 c
228.29 a
10.03 e
201.61 e
F值 F-value
播期 Sowing time (S)
11.85* *
5.62*
122.08* *
295.85* *
品种 Variety (V)
9.30*
21.55* *
90.96* *
101.60* *
播期× 品种 S × V
7.07* *
0.87
3.46
6.28* *
S1: March 21; S2: March 31; S3: April 10; S4: April 20; S5: April 30. Values within a row followed by a different small letter are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. * , * * denote significance in variance analysis at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. S1: 3月21日; S2: 3月31日; S3: 4月10日; S4: 4月20日; S5: 4月30日。标以不同小写字母的值差异达0.05显著水平。* , * * 分别表示方差分析在0.05和0.01水平上显著。
表5 不同播栽期下机插超级杂交籼稻产量 Table 5 Grain yield of mechanical superindica hybrid rice cultivar with different seeding and transplanting dates
表6 机插超级杂交籼稻不同叶位一、二次分蘖发生率与分蘖期气象因子的关系 Table 6 Relationship between meteorological factors and primary and secondary tillering rate in different leaf positions of mechanical super indica hybrid rice
叶位 Leaf position
气象因子 Meteorological factor
拟合方程 Fitted equation
趋势 Trend
R2
一次分蘖 Primary tiller
2/0
平均相对湿度ha
Y= -0.0479X2+4.75X-66.35
↓
0.31* *
平均气温日较差Δ t
Y= -4.4161X2+94.10X-458.55
↑
0.30*
平均气温ta
Y= -5.7272X+150.32
↓
0.29*
积温t
Y= 0.0003X2-0.46X+198.25
↑
0.53* *
平均日照sa
Y= 10.3130X-5.06
↑
0.23*
二次分蘖 Secondary tiller
2
平均相对湿度ha
Y= -1.3087X+105.90
↓
0.42* *
平均气温日较差Δ t
Y= -0.8451X2+23.31X-128.74
↑
0.42* *
平均气温ta
Y= 0.2392X2-13.71X+195.25
↓
0.39* *
积温t
Y= 0.0002X2-0.41116X+187.31
↑
0.65* *
平均日照时数sa
Y= 1.8033X2-6.06X+11.90
↑
0.38* *
3
平均相对湿度ha
Y= 0.0931X2-15.26X+658.34
↓
0.40* *
平均气温日较差Δ t
Y= -3.8385X2+84.34X-400.86
↑
0.44* *
平均气温ta
Y= 0.7199X2-36.72X+498.77
↓
0.44* *
平均日照时数sa
Y= -5.7014X2+53.365X-63.04
↑
0.42* *
4
平均相对湿度ha
Y= -1.33X+133.68
↓
0.31* *
平均气温日较差Δ t
Y= -2.0397X2+45.76X-207.36
↑
0.30*
平均气温ta
Y= -0.2277X2+5.53X+24.58
↓
0.37* *
平均日照时数sa
Y= 6.90X+16.06
↑
0.24* *
5
平均相对湿度ha
Y= 0.0395X2-6.64X+290.25
↓
0.39* *
平均气温日较差Δ t
Y= 6.69X-37.32
↑
0.42* *
平均气温ta
Y= 0.5845X2-27.12X+329.35
↓
0.28* *
积温t
Y= 0.05X-35.94
↑
0.30* *
平均日照时数sa
Y= 6.31X-1.66
↑
0.42* *
↓ : Decrease; ↑ : Increase. ha: average relative humidity; Δ t: average diurnal temperature range; ta:average temperature; t: accumulated temperature . ↓ : 下降; ↑ : 上升。
表6 机插超级杂交籼稻不同叶位一、二次分蘖发生率与分蘖期气象因子的关系 Table 6 Relationship between meteorological factors and primary and secondary tillering rate in different leaf positions of mechanical super indica hybrid rice
表7 Table 7 表7(Table 7)
表7 机插超级杂交籼稻不同叶位一、二次分蘖成穗率与气象因子的关系 Table 7 Relationship between meteorological factors and primary and secondary earbearing rate in different leaf positions of mechanical super indica hybrid rice
表7 机插超级杂交籼稻不同叶位一、二次分蘖成穗率与气象因子的关系 Table 7 Relationship between meteorological factors and primary and secondary earbearing rate in different leaf positions of mechanical super indica hybrid rice
图1 气象因子对机插超级杂交籼稻一次分蘖发生率和成穗率的影响 A: 分蘖期相对湿度(%); B: 分蘖期平均气温日较差(℃); C: 分蘖期平均气温(℃); D: 分蘖期积温(℃); E: 分蘖期平均日照时数(h); F: 幼穗分化期相对湿度(%); G: 抽穗开花期平均日照时数(h)。Fig. 1 Effect of meteorological factors on primary tiller emerging and earbearing rate of mechanical indica hybrid rice A: average relative humidity of tillering stage (%); B: average diurnal temperature range of tillering stage (℃); C: average temperature of tillering stage (℃); D: accumulated temperature of tillering stage (℃); E: average sunshine duration of tillering stage (h); F: average relative humidity of inflorescence differentiation stage (%); G: average sunshine duration of flowering stage (h).
图2 分蘖期气象因子对机插超级杂交籼稻二次分蘖发生率和成穗率的影响 A: 分蘖期相对湿度(%); B: 分蘖期平均气温日温较差(℃); C: 分蘖期平均气温(h); D: 分蘖期积温(℃); E: 分蘖期平均日照时数(h)。Fig. 2 Effect of meteorological factors of tillering stage on secondary tiller emerging and earbearing rate of mechanical super indica hybrid rice A: average relative humidity (%); B: average diurnal temperature range (℃); C: average temperature (℃); D: accumulated temperature (℃); E: average sunshine duration (h).
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, 赵敏
表1 不同播栽期处理秧苗和田间生育期间的气象资料 Table 1 Meteorological data during the seeding and growth stage with different seeding and transplanting dates
