关键词:硒; 有机硒; 小麦籽粒; 粗蛋白; 矿质元素 Effects of Se Application on Se Accumulation and Transformation and Content of Gross Protein and Mineral Elements in Wheat Grain LIU Qing, TIAN Xia, SHI Yan-Xi* College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Fund:This study was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303106) AbstractThe objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of selenium (Se) accumulation and transformation from inorganic to organic form in wheat grain and the effects of exogenous Se on grain yield, quality and Se utilization. In the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 winter wheat growing seasons, we carried out a field experiment with foliage spray of Se fertilizer (sodium selenite solution) in four Se levels and three spray timing treatments. The results showed that grain yield and thousand-grain weight of wheat received no significantly effect from Se foliage spray. In contrast, the total and organic Se contents in grain increased with increasing the exogenous Se level, with the proportion of organic Se to the total Se from 78.5% to 82.1%. Under the same Se application rate, spraying at early-filling stage resulted in larger Se accumulation in grain than spraying at booting stage. The maximum Se content in grain was 3101 μg kg-1 in the treatment of Se 150 g ha-1 sprayed at early-filling stage. The Se utilization rate in wheat ranged from 3.3% to 19.0%, showing a decrease trend with more exogenous Se applied. Se utilization rate was influenced by Se application timing, with the maximum rate at early-filling stage and the minimum rate at booting stage under the same Se application rate. Besides, grain quality of wheat was improved by exogenous Se application. The contents of gross protein and accumulations of P, Fe, Mn, and Zn elements increased and the absorption of Na decreased in grain. Application of Se fertilizer had no significant effect on the accumulations of K, Mg, and Cu elements in wheat grain.
Keyword:Selenium; Organic selenium; Wheat grain; Gross protein; Mineral elements Show Figures Show Figures
表1 不同施硒处理的小麦籽粒产量和千粒重 Table 1 Wheat grain yield and 1000-grain weight in different Se application treatments
处理 Treatment
籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm-2)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
T1
T2
T3
T1
T2
T3
2012-2013
Se0
5768 a
5784 a
5649 a
38.6 a
36.3 a
40.1 a
Se1
5873 a
5825 a
5733 a
39.1 a
37.2 a
38.2 a
Se2
5576 a
5678 a
5598 a
36.4 a
39.5 a
36.3 a
Se3
5942 a
5614 a
5862 a
35.8 a
38.8 a
37.9 a
2013-2014
Se0
4963 a
4847 a
4981 a
36.4 a
37.1 a
36.9 a
Se1
4836 a
4669 a
4826 a
35.3 a
35.7 a
36.2 a
Se2
4738 a
4874 a
4735 a
34.6 a
36.2 a
35.4 a
Se3
4842 a
4658 a
4877 a
35.9 a
35.9 a
34.8 a
Se0, Se1, Se2, and Se3 indicate Se application rate of 0, 37.5, 75.0, and 150.0 g hm-2, respectively. T1, T2, and T3 indicate Se applied at booting, booting + early filling, and filling stage, respectively. In each growing season, values followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05. Se0~Se3分别表示纯硒总施用量0、37.5、75.0和150.0 g hm-2; T1~T3分别表示孕穗期、孕穗期+灌浆前期、灌浆前期叶面喷施。同一年度中, 同列数据后不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
表1 不同施硒处理的小麦籽粒产量和千粒重 Table 1 Wheat grain yield and 1000-grain weight in different Se application treatments
表2 小麦籽粒有机硒含量及其占总硒的比例 Table 2 Concentration of organic selenium in wheat grain and the ratios to total selenium
处理 Treatment
总硒含量 Total Se content (μ g kg-1)
吸收利用率 Utilization rate (%)
有机硒含量 Organic Se content (μ g kg-1)
T1
T2
T3
T1
T2
T3
T1
T2
T3
2012-2013
Se0
45.3 d
45.3 d
45.3 d
36.9 d
37.1 d
36.8 d
Se1
436.2 c
876.9 c
1245.5 c
6.8 a
13.6 a
19.0 a
342.4 c
689.2 c
1017.6 c
Se2
701.8 b
1499.1 b
2366.5 b
5.2 b
11.3 b
17.7 b
564.9 b
1203.8 b
1879.0 b
Se3
976.0 a
1944.2 a
3101.3 a
3.9 c
7.3 c
12.1 c
790.6 a
1584.5 a
2446.9 a
2013-2014
Se0
68.8 d
68.8 d
68.8 d
54.5 d
55.8 d
56.1 d
Se1
448.3 c
794.7 c
1234.6 c
5.8 a
9.9 a
15.9 a
366.4 c
632.6 c
1012.7 c
Se2
812.5 b
1503.6 b
2521.4 b
5.1 a
9.7 a
16.0 a
645.7 b
1198.3 b
1984.8 b
Se3
1001.9 a
1892.2 a
3085.8 a
3.3 b
5.9 b
10.0 b
799.1 a
1521.6 a
2543.3 a
Se0, Se1, Se2, and Se3 indicate Se application rate of 0, 37.5, 75.0, and 150.0 g hm-2, respectively. T1, T2, and T3 indicate Se applied at booting, booting + early filling, and filling stage, respectively. In each growing season, values followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05. Se0~Se3分别表示纯硒总施用量0、37.5、75.0和150.0 g hm-2; T1~T3分别表示孕穗期、孕穗期+灌浆前期、灌浆前期叶面喷施。同一年度中, 同列数据后不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
表2 小麦籽粒有机硒含量及其占总硒的比例 Table 2 Concentration of organic selenium in wheat grain and the ratios to total selenium
表3 不同施硒处理小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量 Table 3 Content of gross protein in wheat grain in different selenium treatments (%)
处理 Treatment
2012-2013
2013-2014
T1
T2
T3
T1
T2
T3
Se0
12.3 a
12.3 a
12.3 a
11.7 a
11.7 a
11.7 a
Se1
12.8 a
13.4 a
13.3 a
13.3 a
13.0 a
12.8 a
Se2
13.9 a
14.2 a
14.9 a
12.9 a
13.6 a
13.9 a
Se3
14.2 a
14.8 a
14.5 a
13.2 a
13.5 a
13.6 a
Se0, Se1, Se2, and Se3 indicate Se application rate of 0, 37.5, 75.0, and 150.0 g hm-2, respectively. T1, T2, and T3 indicate Se applied at booting, booting + early filling, and filling stage, respectively. In each growing season, values followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05. Se0~Se3分别表示纯硒总施用量0、37.5、75.0和150.0 g hm-2; T1~T3分别表示孕穗期、孕穗期+灌浆前期、灌浆前期叶面喷施。同一年度中, 同列数据后不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
表3 不同施硒处理小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量 Table 3 Content of gross protein in wheat grain in different selenium treatments (%)
2.4 施硒对小麦矿质元素吸收的影响当施硒量≤ 75 g hm-2时, P、Fe、Mn和Zn元素在籽粒中的累积随施硒量增加而增加, 继续提高施硒量至150 g hm-2 时, 除对P元素累积具有促进作用外, 对Fe、Mn和Zn的累积均表现抑制作用; 籽粒中K、Ca、Mg和Cu的累积没有受到施硒处理的影响, 处理间差异不显著; 施硒150 g hm-2对籽粒Na的累积有显著抑制作用(表4)。 表4 Table 4 表4(Table 4)
表4 小麦籽粒矿质元素含量(2013-2014) Table 4 Content of mineral elements in wheat grain (2013-2014)
处理 Treatment
P (mg kg-1)
K (mg kg-1)
Na (mg kg-1)
Ca (mg kg-1)
Mg (mg kg-1)
Fe (μ g kg-1)
Mn (μ g kg-1)
Cu (μ g kg-1)
Zn (μ g kg-1)
Se0
2.03 b
5.85 a
3.33 a
0.39 a
0.99 a
100.1 c
40.2 b
10.0 a
36.8 b
Se1
2.24 b
5.82 a
3.31 a
0.38 a
1.00 a
137.5 b
47.3 a
9.4 a
38.2 b
Se2
2.77 a
5.81 a
3.09 a
0.37 a
1.02 a
190.1 a
47.6 a
9.7 a
45.0 a
Se3
3.04 a
5.35 a
2.38 b
0.38 a
0.92 a
120.3 b
43.0 a
9.2 a
37.1 b
Se0, Se1, Se2, and Se3 indicate Se application rate of 0, 37.5, 75.0, and 150.0 g hm-2, respectively. In each growing season, values followed by different letters within the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05. Se0~Se3分别表示纯硒总施用量0、37.5、75.0和150.0 g hm-2。同一年度中, 同列数据后不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。
表4 小麦籽粒矿质元素含量(2013-2014) Table 4 Content of mineral elements in wheat grain (2013-2014)
Yadav SK, SinghI, SinghD, Han SD. Selenium status in soils of northern districts of India. J Environ Manag, 2005, 75: 129-132[本文引用:1]
[2]
徐辉碧. . 武汉: 华中工学院出版社, 1984. pp 1-12Xu HB. . Wuhan: Huazhong Institute of Technology Press, 1984. pp 1-12(in Chinese)[本文引用:3]
[3]
王晓洁, 阮新, 杨波, 杜蓉, 杨立红, 孙科深, 刘海静. 大麦苗富硒研究. 食品科学, 2008, 29(8): 253-257Wang XJ, RuanX, YangB, DuR, Yang LH, Sun KS, Liu HJ. Study on selenium enrichment of barley seedling. Food Sci, 2008, 29(8): 253-257 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2]
[4]
陈铭, 谭见安, 王五一. 环境硒与健康关系研究中的土壤化学与植物营养学. 土壤学进展, 1994, 22(4): 1-10ChenM, Tan JA, Wang WY. Soil chemistry and plant nutrition of environmental selenium and healthy relations. Prog Soil Sci1994, 22(4): 1-10 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2]
赵中秋, 郑海雷, 张春光, 马建华. 土壤硒及其与植物硒营养的关系. 生态学杂志, 2003, 22(1): 22-25Zhao ZQ, Zheng HL, Zhang CG, Ma JH. Advances in the studies on selenium in soil and selenium biological effect. Chin J Ecol, 2003, 22(1): 22-25 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[7]
唐玉霞, 王慧敏, 杨军方, 吕英华. 河北省冬小麦硒的含量及其富硒技术研究. 麦类作物学报, 2011, 31: 347-351Tang YX, Wang HM, Yang JF, Lü YH. Studies on the selenium content and selenium enriched. J Triticeae Crops, 2011, 31: 347-351 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:5]
[8]
吉喆, 胡小松, 牛天贵, 江英, 李德勇. 富硒食品技术国内外研究动态. 中国食品学报, 1999, 3(2): 58-65JiZ, Hu XS, Niu TG, JiangY, Li DY. Selenium-enriched food (review). J CIFST, 1999, 3(2): 58-65 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[9]
田俊梅, 张丁, 付瑞娟. 大豆硒蛋白与亚硒酸钠生物利用的比较研究. 大豆科学, 2010, 29: 534-536Tian JM, ZhangD, Fu RJ. Comparison of the bioavailability of soybean selenoprotein and sodium selenite. Soybean Sci, 2010, 29: 534-536 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[10]
吴永尧, 卢向阳, 彭振坤, 罗泽民. 硒在水稻中的生理生化作用探讨. 中国农业科学, 2000, 33: 100-103Wu YY, Lu XY, Peng ZK, Luo ZM. Effect of Se on physiological and biochemical characters of paddy rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2000, 33: 100-103 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[11]
陈思杨, 江荣风, 李花粉. 苗期小麦和水稻对硒酸盐/亚硒酸盐的吸收及转运机制. 环境科学, 2011, 32(1): 284-289Chen SY, Jiang RF, Li HF. Uptake and translocation of selenate or selenite by wheat and rice seedlings. Environl Sci, 2011, 32(1): 284-289 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[12]
张艳玲, 潘根兴, 胡秋辉, 陈历程. 叶面喷施硒肥对低硒土壤中大豆不同蛋白组成及其硒分布的影响. 南京农业大学学报, 2003, 26(1): 37-40Zhang YL, Pan GX, Hu QH, Chen LC. Effect of foliar application of selenium on composition and selenium content of seed proteins of soybean grown in a low-Se soil. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 2003, 26(1): 37-40 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[13]
吴瑶庆, 孟昭荣, 李莉, 杜春林, 迟红训. 蓝莓中蛋白硒形态的富集分离及测定方法. 营养学报, 2011, 33: 463-467Wu YQ, Meng ZR, LiL, Du CL, Chi HX. Enrichment separation and determination of selenium protein in blueberries. Acta Nutr Sin, 2011, 33: 463-467 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[14]
李家熙, 张光弟, 葛晓立, 张绮玲, 罗代洪, Appleton JD, Johnson CC, Fordyce FM. . 北京: 地质出版社, 2000. p 5Li JX, Zhang GD, Ge XL, Zhang QL, Luo DH, Appleton JD, Johnson CC, Fordyce FM. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2000. p 5 (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[15]
中华人民共和国卫生部. . 2010 Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. GB/T5009. 93-2010. , 2010 (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[16]
SunM, Liu GJ, Wu QH. Speciation of organic and inorganic selenium in selenium-enriched rice by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction. Food Chem, 2013, 141: 66-71[本文引用:2]
[17]
贾亚雄, 孙蕾, 何峰, 万里强, 袁庆华, 李向林. 利用原子吸收光谱法分析盐胁迫对野生披碱草矿质元素吸收和积累的影响. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2008, 28: 2984-2988Jia YX, SunL, HeF, Wan LQ, Yuan QH, Li XL. Analysis of effects of salt stress on absorption and accumulation of mineral elements in Elymus spp. using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Spectroscopy Spectral Anal, 2008, 28: 2984-2988 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[18]
鲍士旦. . 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005Bao SD. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2005 (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[19]
赵春梅, 曹启民, 唐群锋, 李晓波. 植物富硒规律的研究进展. 热带农业科学, 2010, 30(7): 82-86Zhao CM, Cao QM, Tang QF, Li XB. Research advances on selenium accumulation in plants. Chin J Trop Agric, 2010, 30(7): 82-86 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2]
[20]
李根林, 高红梅. 喷施亚硒酸钠对小麦产量的影响. 中国农学通报, 2009, 25(18): 253-255Li GL, Gao HM. Effects of spraying Na2SeO3 on yield of wheat. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2009, 25(18): 253-255 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2]
[21]
史芹, 高新楼. 不同时期喷施富硒液对小麦籽粒硒含量及产量的影响. 山地农业生物学报, 2011, 30: 562-564ShiQ, Gao XL. Effect of application time of selenium fertilizer on wheat yield and grain selenium content. J Mountain Agric Biol, 2011, 30: 562-564 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2]
[22]
马玉霞, 杨胜利, 赵淑章. 强筋小麦富硒技术研究初报. 河南职业技术师范学院学报, 2004, 32(3): 9-10Ma YX, Yang SL, Zhao SZ. Early report on the high selenium technique study of the strong gluten wheat. J Henan Vocation- Techn Teachers Coll, 2004, 32(3): 9-10 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
缪树寅. 不同品种小麦硒的耐受性差异及其动态吸收、转运规律研究. 西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文, 陕西杨凌, 2013Miu SY. Differences of Phytotoxicity, Tolerance, Absorption and Transport among Several Varieties of Wheat when Amended Aelenate and Selenite. MS Thesis of Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China, 2013 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2]
[25]
Banuelos GS, 林治庆. . 北京: 科学出版社, 2010Banuelos GS, Lin ZQ. Beijing: Science Press, 2010 (in Chinese)[本文引用:3]
[26]
YathavakillaS V K, ShahM, MounicouS, CarusoJ A. Speciation of cationic selenium compounds in Brassica juncea leaves by strong cation-exchange chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatog A, 2005, 1100: 153-159[本文引用:1]
[27]
向东山, 翟琨, 刘晓鹏. 富硒小麦籽粒中硒分布规律的研究. 食品科学, 2008, 29(9): 52-54Xiang DS, ZhaiK, Liu XP. Study on distribution law and combined form of selenium in selenium-enriched wheat grain. Food Sci, 2008, 29(9): 52-54 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:2]
[28]
张驰, 刘信平, 周大寨, 贵国强, 朱玉昌. 营养元素硒在富硒玉米中的赋存形态及分布研究. 食品研究与开发, 2007, 28(9): 25-27ZhangC, Liu XP, Zhou DZ, Gui GQ, Zhu YC. Study on the distribution and combined forms of microelements eleniumin corn. Food Res Develop, 2007, 28(9): 25-27 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[29]
陆欣, 谢英荷. . 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2013LuX, Xie YH. Beijing: China Agricultural Univercity Press, 2013 (in Chinese)[本文引用:1]
[30]
方勇, 陈曦, 陈悦, 罗佩竹, 杨文建, 马宁, 辛志宏, 赵立艳, 胡秋辉. 外源硒对水稻籽粒营养品质和重金属含量的影响. 江苏农业学报, 2013, 29: 760-765FangY, ChenX, ChenY, Luo PZ, Yang WJ, MaN, Xin ZH, Zhao LY, Hu QH. Effects of exogenous selenium on nutritional quality and heavy metal content of rice grain. Jiangsu J Agric Sci, 2013, 29: 760-765 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]
[31]
高贞攀, 郭平毅, 原向阳, 宁娜, 郭美俊, 高虹, 王斌强, 冯雷, 董淑琦, 温银元. 叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对谷子籽粒含硒量及品质的影响. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 35(2): 157-161Gao ZP, Guo PY, Yuan XY, NingN, Guo MJ, GaoH, Wang BQ, FengL, Dong SQ, Wen YY. Effects of foliar spraying selenium during the grain filling stage on quality and seeds selenium content of foxtail millet. J Shanxi Agric Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2015, 35(2): 157-161 (in Chinese with English abstract)[本文引用:1]