摘要选用角果抗裂性存在显著差异的2个油菜品种, 于2012—2014年进行氮肥(0、90、180、270和360 kg N hm-2)、磷肥(0、60、120、180和270 kg P2O5 hm-2)、钾肥(0、75、150、225和300 kg K2O hm-2)用量对油菜角果抗裂性相关性状影响的单因素试验。结果表明, 氮、磷、钾肥用量对油菜抗裂角指数的影响均呈波峰曲线变化, 华双5号和华航901达最大抗裂角指数的纯氮用量分别为160 kg hm-2和140 kg hm-2、P2O5为120 kg hm-2和160 kg hm-2、K2O均为180 kg hm-2; 油菜抗裂角指数的变化大小因肥料种类而异, 氮、磷、钾3种肥料中, 钾肥对抗裂角指数的影响最大; 不同氮、磷、钾肥用量处理条件下, 角果果壳重和植株株高的变化是影响油菜角果抗裂角性的重要因素, 可作为初步、快速筛选油菜抗裂角种质资源的重要指标。
关键词:油菜; 肥料; 抗裂角指数(SRI) Effects of N, P, and K Fertilizers on Silique Shatter Resistance and Related Traits of Rapeseed LIU Ting-Ting, KUAI Jie, SUN Ying-Ying, YANG Yang, WU Lian-Rong, WU Jiang-Sheng, ZHOU Guang-Sheng* College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
AbstractTo study the effects of the farming measures on silique shatter resistance of rapeseed, we designed different fertilizer application combinations of N (0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg N hm-2), P (0, 60, 120, 180, and 270 kg P2O5hm-2) and K (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg K2O hm-2) with two varieties for better machinery harvest. Results showed that with the increase of N, P and K fertilizer application rates, the silique shatter resistance index (SRI) of the two varieties changed as a multi-peak curve. The highest SRI of Huashuang 5 was reached under application of 160 kg N hm-2, 120 kg P2O5hm-2 and 180 kg K2O hm-2, while that of Huahang901 was under application of 140 kg N hm-2, 160 kg P2O5 hm-2 and 180 kg K2O hm-2. The change degree in SRI differed due to different fertilizers, and K fertilizer had the greatest effect on the SRI of the two varieties among N, P and K fertilizers. The silique wall weight and plant height under different N, P and K fertilizer rates were the key factors affecting rapeseed’s SRI, and could be used as important indexes in silique shatter resistance screening.
表3 氮、磷、钾肥处理下油菜成熟期性状差异 Table 3 Traits differences of rapeseed at maturing stage under N, P and K treatments
表3 氮、磷、钾肥处理下油菜成熟期性状差异 Table 3 Traits differences of rapeseed at maturing stage under N, P and K treatments
2.3 氮、磷、钾肥用量对抗裂角指数的影响油菜角果抗裂角指数均随氮、磷、钾肥水平呈波峰曲线变化(表4)。2个品种抗裂角指数均分别在N2 (纯氮用量为180 kg hm-2)、P3 (P2O5用量为180 kg hm-2)、K2 (K2O用量为150 kg hm-2)处理达峰值, 且显著高于其他处理; 方差分析表明, 各处理中, 华航901抗裂角指数均极显著高于华双5号, 说明华航901抗裂角能力更强; 2年度试验结果一致。2年度2个品种抗裂角指数变异系数平均值表明, 对油菜角果抗裂角性影响最大的是钾肥、其次是氮肥, 磷肥对油菜角果抗裂角性的影响最小; 且氮、磷肥对抗裂角性较强的华航901的影响较大, 而钾肥对抗裂角性较弱的华双5号品种的影响较大。 表4 Table 4 表4(Table 4)
表4 不同肥料处理下的抗裂角指数 Table 4 SRI under fertilizer treatments
因素 Factor
处理 Treatment
2012-2013
2013-2014
均值 Mean
华双5号 Huashuang 5
华航901 Huahang 901
华双5号 Huashuang 5
华航901 Huahang 901
N
N0 (CK N)
0.42 c
0.53 b
0.54 b
0.68 b
0.54
N1
0.45 bc
0.54 b
0.56 b
0.69 b
0.56
N2
0.51 a
0.64 a
0.66 a
0.83 a
0.66
N3
0.47 b
0.50 c
0.59 b
0.64 c
0.55
N4
0.35 d
0.33 d
0.45 c
0.43 d
0.38
Mean
0.44
0.51
0.55
0.65
0.54
CV (%)
13.64
22.16
13.92
22.07
17.95
F
143.71* *
2
110.27* *
P
P0 (CKP)
0.43 d
0.49 e
0.55 c
0.61 e
0.52
P1
0.51 c
0.53 d
0.66 b
0.66 d
0.59
P2
0.54 b
0.66 b
0.69 b
0.83 b
0.68
P3
0.58 a
0.74 a
0.74 a
0.92 a
0.75
P4
0.42 d
0.58 c
0.53 c
0.72 c
0.56
Mean
0.50
0.60
0.63
0.75
0.62
CV (%)
14.01
16.79
14.31
16.89
15.50
F
85.81* *
2
30.72* *
K
K0 (CKK)
0.25 d
0.27 d
0.33 e
0.36 c
0.30
K1
0.35 c
0.43 bc
0.46 c
0.56 b
0.45
K2
0.53 a
0.54 a
0.68 a
0.71 a
0.62
K3
0.44 b
0.45 b
0.58 b
0.58 b
0.51
K4
0.34 c
0.41 c
0.45 d
0.53 b
0.43
Mean
0.38
0.42
0.50
0.55
0.46
CV (%)
27.91
23.21
26.80
22.92
25.21
F
9.53* *
1
1.87* *
Values within a column followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level (SSR). * Significant at P< 0.05. * * Significant at P< 0.01. 表中不同的英文小写字母表示处理间差异达0.05显著水平(SSR法); F值为品种间; * , * * : 分别表示0.05和0.01的显著水平。
表4 不同肥料处理下的抗裂角指数 Table 4 SRI under fertilizer treatments
根据氮、磷、钾肥与抗裂角指数间的单因子回归方程(表5), 华双5号和华航901获得最大抗裂角指数的纯氮用量分别为160 kg hm-2和140 kg hm-2, P2O5用量分别为120 kg hm-2和160 kg hm-2, K2O用量分别为175 kg hm-2和180 kg hm-2, 2年度结果一致。可以看出与华航901相比, 华双5号获得较高抗裂角指数时所需氮肥较多, 磷肥较少, 而钾肥差异不大。其中, 品种间获得最大抗裂角指数时的磷肥用量差异最大。 表5 Table 5 表5(Table 5)
表5 氮、磷和钾肥与抗裂角指数的单因子回归方程 Table 5 Single factor regression of N, P, K fertilizer and SRI
年份 Year
肥料 Fertilizer
品种 Cultivar
单因子回归方程 Single factor regression equation
R2
最优值 Best value (kg hm-2)
2012-2013
N
华双5号Huashuang 5
Y= -3× 10-6X2+0.001X+0.403
0.813* *
160
华航901 Huahang 901
Y= -5× 10-6X2+0.001X+0.507
0.874* *
140
P2O5
华双5号Huashuang 5
Y= -9× 10-6X2+0.002X+0.418
0.816* *
120
华航901 Huahang 901
Y= -9× 10-6X2+0.002X+0.451
0.716* *
160
K2O
华双5号Huashuang 5
Y= -8× 10-6X2+0.002X+0.236
0.853* *
180
华航901 Huahang 901
Y= -8× 10-6X2+0.002X+0.277
0.883* *
180
2013-2014
N
华双5号Huashuang 5
Y= -4× 10-6X2+0.001X+0.516
0.729* *
160
华航901 Huahang 901
Y= -7× 10-6X2+0.001X+0.652
0.867* *
140
P2O5
华双5号Huashuang 5
Y= -1× 10-5X2+0.003X+0.537
0.807* *
120
华航901 Huahang 901
Y= -1× 10-5X2+0.003X+0.564
0.715* *
160
K2O
华双5号Huashuang 5
Y= -1× 10-5X2+0.003X+0.330
0.821* *
180
华航901 Huahang 901
Y= -1× 10-5X2+0.003X+0.361
0.852* *
180
* Significant at P< 0.05. * * Significant at P< 0.01. * , * * : 分别表示0.05和0.01的显著水平。
表5 氮、磷和钾肥与抗裂角指数的单因子回归方程 Table 5 Single factor regression of N, P, K fertilizer and SRI
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