关键词:油菜; 多效唑; 产量; 倒伏指数; 抗裂角指数; 机械收获 Effects of Paclobutrazol on Yield and Mechanical Harvest Characteristics of Winter Rapeseed with Direct Seeding Treatment YANG Yang1, KUAI Jie1, WU Lian-Rong1, LIU Ting-Ting1, SUN Ying-Ying1, ZUO Qing-Song2, ZHOU Guang-Sheng1,*, WU Jiang-Sheng1 1College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
2Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
AbstractThe aim of this research was to study the effects and mechanism of paclobutrazol (PP333) treatments on rapeseed yield and mechanical harvesting. PP333was foliage sprayed with different concentrations at two stages (the closing of crop and the start of flower bud), on two varieties of rapeseed Yangguang 2009 and Fengyou 520. Our results demonstrated that PP333 treatment significantly increased the rapeseed lodging resistance, silique shattering resistance and yield. PP333of 300 mg L-1 at the bud beginning more significantly enhanced lodging resistance and silique shattering resistance, whereas 150 mg L-1 PP333 at crop closing period more significantly increased yield of the two varieties. PP333 treatment reduced seed number per pod, while enhanced pods per plant, 1000-grain weight and yield. At the same time, PP333 treatment increased root crown diameter, root-top ratio (fresh) and snapping resistance, whereas it reduced plant height and culm lodging index, resulting in reduced angle of plant lodging, which indicates an improvement in the resistance of root and stem lodging. Silique shattering resistance was increased due to increased silique water content, silique dry weight and delayed pod maturity. In summary, the crop closing period and 150 mg L-1 PP333 are the best treatment time and concentration for significantly enhancing the abilities of lodging resistance, silique shattering resistance and yield, which could meet rapeseed mechanized production.
Keyword:Rapeseed; Paclobutrazol; Yield; Culm lodging index; Silique shatter resistance; Mechanical harvest Show Figures Show Figures
表1 多效唑处理对油菜产量及其构成的影响(2年度均值) Table 1 Effects of PP333 on yield and yield components (average of two years)
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
单株角果数 Silique per plant
每角果粒数 Seed number per silique
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
产量 Yield (kg hm-2)
阳光2009 Yangguang 2009
T1P1(CK)
158.5 f
14.2 d
2.9 c
2714.6 f
T1P2
194.0 d
13.7 de
3.2 a
3653.2 b
T1P3
201.3 c
12.8 f
3.0 bc
3328.2 c
T2P2
180.9 e
13.5 e
3.1 ab
3235.7 cd
T2P3
188.9 d
12.4 f
3.0 bc
2986.4 e
沣油520 Fengyou 520
T1P1(CK)
192.1 d
17.6 a
2.5 e
3189.8 d
T1P2
223.9 a
17.0 b
2.7 d
3897.3 a
T1P3
227.4 a
16.2 c
2.6 de
3606.4 b
T2P2
207.2 bc
16.6 bc
2.6 de
3610.5 b
T2P3
210.8 b
16.2 c
2.5 e
3336.3 c
T1P1(CK): without paclobutrazol treatment; T1P2: the closing of crop and 150 mg L-1; T1P3: the closing of crop and 300 mg L-1; T2P2: the start of flower bud and 150 mg L-1; T2P3: the start of flower bud and 300 mg L-1. Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. T1P1(CK): 对照; T1P2: 封行期喷施150 mg L-1; T1P3: 封行期喷施300 mg L-1; T2P2: 蕾薹初期喷施150 mg L-1; T2P3: 蕾薹初期喷施300 mg L-1。表中数值后不同字母表示差异达0.05显著水平。
表1 多效唑处理对油菜产量及其构成的影响(2年度均值) Table 1 Effects of PP333 on yield and yield components (average of two years)
表2 Table 2 表2(Table 2)
表2 不同处理条件下主要性状的方差分析(2年度均值) Table 2 Variance analyses of main traits under different treatments (average of two years)
指标Indicator
C
T
CT
C× T
C× CT
T× CT
C× T× CT
单株角果数Silique per plant
*
* *
*
NS
*
*
*
每角果粒数Seed number per silique
*
NS
*
NS
NS
NS
*
千粒重1000-grain weight
*
*
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
产量Yield
* *
*
*
NS
NS
* *
NS
根颈粗Root crown diameter
*
*
* *
*
NS
*
NS
根鲜重Root fresh weight
*
* *
* *
NS
*
NS
NS
鲜重根冠比Root-top ratio (fresh)
*
NS
*
NS
NS
NS
NS
株高Plant height
*
*
* *
NS
NS
*
NS
地上部分鲜重Above ground fresh weight
*
NS
* *
NS
NS
NS
NS
抗折力Snapping resistance
*
*
* *
*
NS
*
*
倒伏指数Culm lodging index
* *
*
* *
*
* *
* *
* *
根倒角度Angle of root lodging
* *
NS
*
NS
* *
NS
NS
茎倒角度Angle of stem lodging
* *
*
* *
*
*
* *
* *
总倒伏角度Angle of plant lodging
* *
NS
* *
NS
*
*
NS
抗裂角指数Silique shatter resistance
* *
NS
* *
NS
* *
*
NS
每角果皮重Silique dry weight
*
NS
*
NS
NS
*
NS
角果含水量Water content in silique
*
*
* *
NS
*
* *
NS
NS: not significant; * , * * : significantly different at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels. C: cultivar; T: time; CT: concentration. NS: 不显著; * , * * 分别表示在0.05和0.01的水平差异显著; C: 品种; T: 喷施时期; CT: 喷施浓度。
表2 不同处理条件下主要性状的方差分析(2年度均值) Table 2 Variance analyses of main traits under different treatments (average of two years)
表3 多效唑处理对根系和茎秆性状的影响(2年度均值) Table 3 Effects of PP333 on traits of root and stem (average of two years)
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
根颈粗 Root crown diameter (cm)
根鲜重 Root fresh weight (g)
根冠比(鲜重) Root-top ratio (fresh)
株高 Plant height (cm)
地上部鲜重 Above ground fresh weight (g)
抗折力 Snapping resistance (kg)
倒伏指数 Culm lodging index
阳光2009 Yangguang 2009
T1P1(CK)
1.56 d
24.3 cd
0.133 c
166.6 bc
183.0 f
11.75 f
2.60 c
T1P2
1.79 b
29.9 b
0.147 b
161.8 c
203.7 cd
13.33 de
2.49 c
T1P3
1.92 a
31.6 a
0.161 a
154.9 d
197.0 de
15.21 b
2.01 d
T2P2
1.65 c
29.3 b
0.150 b
153.5 d
195.4 e
14.39 c
2.09 d
T2P3
1.72 bc
30.7 ab
0.160 a
146.0 e
191.3 e
16.90 a
1.66 e
沣油520 Fengyou 520
T1P1(CK)
1.31 f
18.6 e
0.096 f
179.8 a
193.6 e
9.99 g
3.49 a
T1P2
1.52 d
24.3 cd
0.109 e
171.5 b
222.8 a
11.73 f
3.26 b
T1P3
1.69 c
25.4 c
0.120 d
165.4 c
212.1 b
13.58 d
2.59 c
T2P2
1.42 e
23.5 d
0.111 e
161.9 c
211.7 b
12.79 e
2.69 c
T2P3
1.49 de
24.7 cd
0.120 d
154.6 d
204.8 bc
14.84 bc
2.15 d
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 表中数值后不同字母表示差异达0.05显著水平。缩写同表1
表3 多效唑处理对根系和茎秆性状的影响(2年度均值) Table 3 Effects of PP333 on traits of root and stem (average of two years)
表4 多效唑处理对田间根倒与茎倒角度(° )的影响(2012-2014) Table 4 Effects of PP333 on angle of root lodging and stem lodging (2012-2014)
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
2012-2013
2013-2014
根倒角度 Angle of root lodging
茎倒角度 Angle of stem lodging
总倒伏角度 Angle of plant lodging
根倒角度 Angle of root lodging
茎倒角度 Angle of stem lodging
总倒伏角度 Angle of plant lodging
阳光2009 Yangguang 2009
T1P1(CK)
13.4 d
13.7 de
27.1 e
13.7 de
9.5 d
23.2 e
T1P2
11.5 e
12.0 f
20.0 f
12.0 f
8.9 d
20.9 f
T1P3
10.6 e
10.0 g
18.4 f
10.0 g
8.4 d
18.4 g
T2P2
11.1 e
11.7 f
18.6 f
11.7 f
7.7 de
19.3 fg
T2P3
10.1 e
8.5 h
16.1 g
8.5 h
6.0 e
14.5 h
沣油520 Fengyou 520
T1P1(CK)
23.4 a
24.0 a
47.0 a
24.0 a
24.3 a
48.3 a
T1P2
19.1 b
20.7 b
40.3 b
20.7 b
20.7 b
41.4 b
T1P3
15.1 c
15.0 d
34.0 c
15.0 d
19.6 b
34.6 c
T2P2
18.4 b
17.7 c
35.2 c
17.7 c
15.9 c
33.5 c
T2P3
14.5 cd
13.0 ef
28.5 d
13.0 ef
14.1 c
27.1 d
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 表中数值后不同字母表示差异达0.05显著水平。缩写同表1。
表4 多效唑处理对田间根倒与茎倒角度(° )的影响(2012-2014) Table 4 Effects of PP333 on angle of root lodging and stem lodging (2012-2014)
表5 Table 5 表5(Table 5)
表5 根倒和茎倒角度与根和茎秆特性的相关性(2年度均值) Table 5 Angle of lodging and their relationships with characters of root and stem (average of two years)
指标 Indicator
根颈粗 Root crown diameter
根鲜重 Root fresh weight
鲜重根冠比 Root-top ratio
株高 Plant height
地上鲜重Above ground fresh weight
抗折力Snapping resistance
倒伏指数 Culm lodging index
根颈粗Root crown diameter
1
根鲜重Root fresh weight
0.938* *
1
鲜重根冠比Root-top ratio
0.894* *
0.949* *
1
株高Plant height
-0.687*
-0.859* *
-0.815* *
1
地上鲜重Above ground fresh weight
-0.001
0.012
-0.293
0.037
1
抗折力Snapping resistance
0.731* *
0.860* *
0.790* *
-0.969* *
0.070
1
倒伏指数Culm lodging index
-0.743* *
-0.866* *
-0.864* *
0.978* *
0.186
-0.946* *
1
根倒角度Angle of root lodging
-0.856* *
-0.919* *
-0.928* *
0.892* *
0.232
-0.847* *
0.946* *
茎倒角度Angle of stem lodging
-0.740* *
-0.843* *
-0.918* *
0.817* *
0.425
-0.710* *
0.872* *
总倒伏角度Angle of plant lodging
-0.800* *
-0.887* *
-0.935* *
0.861* *
0.348
-0.778* *
0.916* *
* , * * Significant correlation at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels. * , * * 分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上显著相关
表5 根倒和茎倒角度与根和茎秆特性的相关性(2年度均值) Table 5 Angle of lodging and their relationships with characters of root and stem (average of two years)
表6 多效唑处理对角果抗裂角指数及其相关指标的影响(2012-2014) Table 6 Effects of PP333 on silique shatter resistance and related traits (2012-2014)
品种 Cultivar
处理 Treatment
2012-2013
2013-2014
抗裂角指数 Silique shatter resistance
角果皮重 Silique dry weight (g)
角果含水量 Water content in silique (%)
抗裂角指数 Silique shatter resistance
角果皮重 Silique dry weight (g)
角果含水量 Water content in silique (%)
阳光2009 Yangguang 2009
T1P1(CK)
0.55 de
0.070 cd
65.98 c
0.50 e
0.067 bcd
65.42 cd
T1P2
0.73 c
0.075 bc
68.48 bc
0.68 c
0.071 bc
66.24 cd
T1P3
0.80 b
0.076 b
69.61 bc
0.78 b
0.074 ab
67.28 bc
T2P2
0.86 a
0.078 b
71.45 ab
0.77 b
0.073 ab
70.76 ab
T2P3
0.91 a
0.086 a
74.75 a
0.87 a
0.080 a
73.52 a
沣油520 Fengyou 520
T1P1(CK)
0.29 h
0.058 e
54.67 e
0.25 h
0.056 e
53.37 g
T1P2
0.41 g
0.066 d
57.55 de
0.38 g
0.060 de
55.75 fg
T1P3
0.48 f
0.068 d
59.61 d
0.49 ef
0.062 cde
57.91 f
T2P2
0.54 ef
0.068 d
61.29 d
0.45 f
0.062 de
59.79 ef
T2P3
0.60 d
0.075 bc
65.62 c
0.58 d
0.068 bcd
62.84 de
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 表中数值后不同字母表示差异达0.05显著水平。缩写同表1。
表6 多效唑处理对角果抗裂角指数及其相关指标的影响(2012-2014) Table 6 Effects of PP333 on silique shatter resistance and related traits (2012-2014)
表7 Table 7 表7(Table 7)
表7 抗裂角指数与角果性状的相关系数(2年度均值) Table 7 Correlation coefficients between silique shattering resistance and silique traits (average of two years)
指标 Indicator
抗裂角指数 Silique shatter resistance
每角果皮重 Silique dry weight (g)
角果含水量 Water content in silique (%)
抗裂角指数 Silique shatter resistance
1
每角果皮重 Silique dry weight (g)
0.919* *
1
主茎角果含水量 Water content in silique (%)
0.958* *
0.901* *
1
* , * * Significant correlation at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels. * , * * 分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上显著相关。
表7 抗裂角指数与角果性状的相关系数(2年度均值) Table 7 Correlation coefficients between silique shattering resistance and silique traits (average of two years)
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