关键词:粳稻; 北方稻区; 产量; 品质 Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits and Their Relationship in Japonica Rice in Northern China WANG Yan-Zheng**, WANG Xiao-Jing**, LI Yuan, XU Hai, WANG Jia-Yu, ZHAO Ming-Hui, TANG Liang, MA Dian-Rong, XU Zheng-Jin*, CHEN Wen-Fu Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province / Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Shenyang 110866, China
AbstractAs the scientific rice research develops and the standard of living improves, the demand for japonica rice has been consistently increasing and the planting area of japonica rice has been enlarged over times. Hence, a further investigation on the differences of yield and quality traits among different planting area and the relationships between yield and quality of japonicarice varieties can provide valuable guidance for rice breeding in northern China. In this study, we analyze the data collected from the regional rice tests of northern China in 2011 and 2012. Based on the feature of the regional climates and the characteristics of the lines/varieties tested, we divided the lines/varieties tested we divided into five groups, including Huang-Huai japonica group, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei japonica group, late-maturity mid-early japonica group, medium maturity mid-early japonica group, and early-maturity mid-early japonica group. Then, we analyzed the differences of the yield, yield components, quality traits and their relationships among the five groups. The yield of the mid-early japonica group with medium maturity was the highest; while the yield of the mid-early japonica rice with late-maturity was the lowest in the five groups. The mean rate of brown rice and the mean rate of head rice of the five groups were 83.66% and 66.95%, respectively. The rate of chalky rice and chalkiness degree were 30.26% and 3.08%, respectively. The yield significantly and positively correlated to the rate of brown rice, the rate of milled rice and the rate of head rice. The percentage of seed setting exhibited a significantly positive correlation to the ratio of brown rice, the ratio of milled rice, and the ratio of head rice, but a significantly negative correlation to the rate of chalky rice. Although the ratio of grain aspect showed a negative correlation to the ratio of brown rice and the ratio of head rice, the ratio of grain aspect was not closely related to yield. The density of seed setting had a significant and negative correlation to the number of panicle, but a significant and positive correlation to the number of grains per panicle, so that the density of seed setting was not closely related to yield. There were no significant correlations between the density of seed setting and the rate of seed setting, thousand grain weight, and chalkiness related traits. The results indicated that the yield can be increased at least to 9 t ha-1 without sacrificing the grain quality in northern China. It is feasible to improve quality based on maintaining high yield, or increase the yield based on maintaining high quality of rice, thus achieving a balance between the yield and quality at a higher level.
Keyword: Oryza sativaL. subsp. japonica; Northern rice area; Yield; Quality Show Figures Show Figures
表2 产量及其构成因素比较 Table 2 Comparison of yield and yield components
类型 Type
产量 Yield (t hm-2)
穗数 Panicles per hill (× 104 hm-2)
每穗粒数 Grains per panicle
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)
千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g)
生育期 Growth Period (d)
黄淮粳稻 HJR
9.38 Bb
20.65 Cc
141.94 ABa
85.93 ABbc
25.82 ABab
155.73
京津唐粳稻 JJR
9.50 Bb
22.24 BCbc
140.01 ABa
89.49 Aa
26.07 Aa
174.97
晚熟中早粳稻 LMJR
8.74 Cc
21.92 BCbc
143.81 Aa
83.00 BCc
24.84 BCc
161.03
中熟中早粳稻 MMJR
10.12 Aa
23.38 Bb
129.66 BCb
79.93 Cd
24.35 Cc
157.27
早熟中早粳稻 EMJR
9.57 Bb
28.21 Aa
121.17 Cb
87.89 Aab
25.08 ABCbc
148.45
平均 Average
9.46
23.28
135.32
85.25
25.23
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 (lowercase) and the 0.01 (capital) probability levels, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 标以不同大、小写字母的值分别在0.01和0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同表1。
表2 产量及其构成因素比较 Table 2 Comparison of yield and yield components
表3 Table 3 表3(Table 3)
表3 产量及其构成因素的相关系数 Table 3 Correlation coefficients between yield and yield components
类型 Type
有效穗数 Panicle number
每穗粒数 Grains per panicle
结实率 Seed setting rate
千粒重 1000-kernel weight
黄淮粳稻 HJR
0.313* *
-0.053
0.552* * *
0.341* *
京津唐粳稻 JJR
0.210
-0.189
0.247
0.078
晚熟中早粳稻 LMJR
-0.174
0.230
0.312
0.541* * *
中熟中早粳稻 MMJR
-0.271
0.139
0.250
0.049
早熟中早粳稻 EMJR
0.478* *
0.124
0.108
-0.197
总体Total
0.171*
-0.055
0.175*
0.119
* , * * , and * * * mean significant correlation at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. * 、* * 、* * * 表示在0.05、0.01、0.001水平上显著相关。缩写同表1。
表3 产量及其构成因素的相关系数 Table 3 Correlation coefficients between yield and yield components
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 (lowercase) and 0.01 (capital) probability levels, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. 标以不同大小写字母的值分别在0.01和0.05水平上差异显著。
表4 品质性状比较 Table 4 Comparison of quality traits
表5 Table 5 表5(Table 5)
表5 产量与品质性状的相关系数 Table 5 Correlation coefficients between yield and quality traits
类型 Type
糙米率 Brown rice rate
精米率 Milled rice rate
整精米率 Head milled rice rate
垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate
产量 Yield
0.201* *
0.399* * *
0.202* *
0.031
穗数 Panicle number
-0.103
0.242* * *
0.177*
-0.210* *
每穗粒数 Grains per panicle
-0.112
-0.296* * *
-0.135
0.128
结实率 Seed setting rate
0.368* * *
0.415* * *
0.332* * *
-0.249* * *
千粒重 1000-kernel weight
0.183* *
0.130
0.056
0.229* *
* , * * , and * * * mean significant correlation at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. * 、* * 、* * * 表示在0.05、0.01、0.001水平上显著相关。
表5 产量与品质性状的相关系数 Table 5 Correlation coefficients between yield and quality traits
表6 籽粒长宽比与主要品质性状的关系 Table 6 Relationship between length-width ratio and major quality traits
类型 Type
产量 Yield
糙米率 Brown rice rate
精米率 Milled rice rate
整精米率 Head milled rice rate
垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate
黄淮粳稻 HJR
-0.274*
-0.364* *
-0.295* *
-0.045
-0.293* *
京津唐粳稻 JJR
-0.093
-0.482* *
-0.188
-0.073
-0.279
晚熟中早粳稻 LMJR
0.125
-0.373*
-0.060
-0.051
-0.064
中熟中早粳稻 MMJR
0.220
-0.297
-0.388*
-0.096
-0.080
早熟中早粳稻 EMJR
0.036
-0.581* * *
-0.614* * *
-0.114
-0.337*
总体Total
-0.039
-0.407* * *
-0.226* *
-0.069
-0.241* * *
* , * * , and * * * mean significant correlation at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. * 、* * 、* * * 表示在0.05、0.01、0.001水平上显著相关。缩写同表1。
表6 籽粒长宽比与主要品质性状的关系 Table 6 Relationship between length-width ratio and major quality traits
表7 Table 7 表7(Table 7)
表7 着粒密度与产量和品质性状的关系 Table 7 Relationship of grains density with yield and quality traits
类型 Type
产量 Yield
穗数 Panicles per hill
每穗粒数 Grains per panicle
结实率 Seed setting rate
千粒重 1000-kernel weight
糙米率 Brown rice rate
精米率 Milled rice rate
整精率 Head milled rice rate
垩白粒率 Chalky rice rate
黄淮粳稻 HJR
0.225*
-0.325* *
0.565* * *
-0.140
-0.137
0.079
0.222
0.178
-0.028
京津唐粳稻 JJR
0.015
-0.543* * *
0.738* * *
0.130
-0.233
0.005
-0.342*
-0.452* *
0.394*
晚熟中早粳稻 LMJR
0.135
-0.628* * *
0.853* * *
-0.295
-0.142
-0.131
-0.286
-0.192
0.238
中熟中早粳稻 MMJR
0.313
-0.470* *
0.884* * *
-0.416*
-0.227
-0.219
-0.452*
-0.331
0.123
早熟中早粳稻 EMJR
0.258
-0.095
0.894* * *
0.287
-0.668* * *
0.048
0.204
0.538* * *
-0.368*
总体Total
0.083
-0.212* *
0.811* * *
-0.068
-0.114
0.119
-0.208* *
-0.111
0.168*
* , * * , and * * * mean significant correlation at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. * 、* * 、* * * 表示在0.05、0.01、0.001水平上显著相关。缩写同表1。
表7 着粒密度与产量和品质性状的关系 Table 7 Relationship of grains density with yield and quality traits
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