关键词:水稻; 出穗促进率; 第5节间长度变化; 相关性; 广适性 Correlation between the Fifth Internode Length and Heading Acceleration Percentage in Rice LI Zhi-Xin1, WANG Mei-Huan4, XU Chao-Fei3, LI Hua-Jun2, LI Xiao-Fang1,2,* 1 The institute of Crop Genetic and Breeding of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
2 Guangzhou Nanguo Agriculture Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
3 Guangdong Nanguo Golden-Crown Agriculture Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518048, China
4 South China Botanical Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
Fund: AbstractHeading acceleration percentage and plant height are important indices of rice light and temperature sensitivities, and directly decide the wide adaptability of rice varieties. How to use the legible traits to estimate the wide adaptability of rice varieties is a problem worthily studying during breeding stage. In this paper, we studied the relationship between the length of rice plant height and heading acceleration percentage using 48 materials including 12 parents and 36 stable inbred lines selected from 12 parents’ polymerization hybridization progeny, which were planted in Hubei Jingzhou as middle-season rice and in Guangzhou as early rice and late rice. The results indicated that the fifth internode length was the most easily influenced by environments. The length of the fifth internode had extremely significant positive correlation with heading acceleration percentage. In the three cases of early rice and middle-season rice, middle-season rice and late rice, early rice and late rice, the correlation coefficients between length of the fifth internode and heading acceleration percentage were 0.37, 0.52, and 0.49, respectively, and the partial correlation coefficients were 0.42, 0.43, and 0.36, respectively. The correlations all reached the extremely significant level. It showed that the fifth internode length is easily affected by temperature and light conditions, and could be used to preliminarily judge the light and temperature sensitivities of rice varieties.
Keyword:Rice; Heading acceleration percentage; Length change of the fifth internode; Correlation; Wide adaptability Show Figures Show Figures
表1 株高各组成成分的方差分析( F值) Table 1 Variance analysis of the components of plant height ( F-value)
变异来源 Source of variation
第5节间长 5th internode length
第4节间长 4th internode length
第3节间长 3rd internode length
第2节间长 2nd internode length
第1节间长 1st internode length
穗长 Ear length
季节间Season
70.0400**
18.5640**
19.9750**
6.5180**
2.0570
1.1130
材料间Material
4.6340**
5.5500**
5.3340**
6.8920**
5.9490**
7.6460**
* Significant at 0.05 probability level;** Significant at 0.01 probability level. *表示在0.05水平差异显著;** 表示在0.01水平差异显著。
表1 株高各组成成分的方差分析( F值) Table 1 Variance analysis of the components of plant height ( F-value)
表2 Table 2 表2(Table 2)
表2 出穗促进率与穗长和各节间差的相关系数 Table 2 Correlation coefficient of heading acceleration percentage with ear length and the length difference of internodes
相关系数 Coefficient of correlation
第5节间差 5th internode difference
第4节间差 4th internode difference
第3节间差 3rd internode difference
第2节间差 2nd internode difference
第1节间差 1st internode difference
穗长差 Ear length difference
早-中出穗促进率 HAPEMS
0.37**
0.33*
0.01
-0.16
0.05
0.09
中-晚出穗促进率 HAPMLS
0.52**
-0.14
-0.09
0.27
0.36*
0.11
早-晚出穗促进率 HAPELS
0.49**
-0.31*
-0.09
0.29*
0.21
-0.26
* Significant at 0.05 probability level;** Significant at 0.01 probability level. HAPEMS: heading acceleration percentage of early to middle season; HAPMLS: heading acceleration percentage of middle to late season; HAPELS: heading acceleration percentage of early to late season. *表示在0.05水平差异显著;** 表示在0.01水平差异显著。
表2 出穗促进率与穗长和各节间差的相关系数 Table 2 Correlation coefficient of heading acceleration percentage with ear length and the length difference of internodes
表3 Table 3 表3(Table 3)
表3 出穗促进率与穗长和各节间差的偏相关系数 Table 3 Partial correlation coefficient of heading acceleration percentage with ear length and the length difference of internodes
偏相关系数 Coefficient of partial correlation
第5节间差 5th internode difference
第4节间差 4th internode difference
第3节间差 3rd internode difference
第2节间差 2nd internode difference
第1节间差 1st internode difference
穗长差 Ear length difference
早-中出穗促进率 HAPEMS
0.42**
0.27
-0.17
-0.16
0.03
0.41**
中-晚出穗促进率 HAPMLS
0.43**
-0.06
-0.13
-0.02
0.15
0.17
早-晚出穗促进率 HAPELS
0.36**
-0.22
0.02
0.17
-0.13
0.08
* Significant at 0.05 probability level;** Significant at 0.01 probability level. HAPEMS: heading acceleration percentage of early to middle season; HAPMLS: heading acceleration percentage of middle to late season; HAPELS: heading acceleration percentage of early to late season. *表示在0.05水平差异显著;** 表示在0.01水平差异显著。
表3 出穗促进率与穗长和各节间差的偏相关系数 Table 3 Partial correlation coefficient of heading acceleration percentage with ear length and the length difference of internodes
3 讨论本文以综合性状良好的36个高代稳定自交系和12个亲本材料为研究对象, 分别在广东广州早季、晩季节和湖北荆州中季种植, 通过简单相关和偏相关分析发现第5节间长度在不同季节和不同地区的变化与出穗促进率有密切的相关性, 可以通过该指标初步判断水稻品种光温敏感性的强弱。在全国范围内推广应用面积大的品种一般是光温敏感性比较弱的品种。传统的对水稻品种的光温生态适应性的研究方法是在品种选育成后在不同地区进行多年多点试验。此方法虽然可靠, 但存在很大的滞后性, 一旦品种的广适性不强, 其应用范围必然受到限制, 不能充分地发挥品种的利用价值, 要想补救比较困难, 需要重新选育。 水稻的出穗日期由品种自身的光温特性和当地光温生态条件共同决定。不同的水稻品种对光温的敏感程度可以通过水稻第5节间长度的变化反映出来, 水稻品种在不同季节或不同地区种植, 如果第5节间长度变化比较小, 说明这个品种的光温敏感性比较弱, 生态适应性比较好; 反之, 说明该品种的生态适应性比较差。这一结论是通过湖北荆州和广东广州两地的研究得出的, 具有一定的代表性。第5节间是最靠近地面的一个伸长节, 也是最早开始伸长的一个节。一般地, 水稻节间开始伸长表明从营养生长开始向生殖生长过渡, 所以第5节间的变化可能正是营养生长向生殖生长过渡的转折点, 两者之间的关系不是偶然的。第5节间长度变化与光温生态敏感性的内在联系, 特别是在基因表达水平上的动态变化关系是一个值得研究的科学问题。生产上广泛应用的籼型水稻品种伸长节间数一般是4~6个, 多数是5个。本研究中, 第5节间都是水稻基部节间, 说明水稻基部节间长度的变化与光温生态敏感性关系密切。如果节间数少于或多于5个的水稻材料, 其基部节间长度变化与光温生态敏感性是否仍然有显著的相关性有待进一步研究。由于本研究所选用的水稻材料都是常规品种或品系, 研究结论是否适合杂交水稻还有待检验。 水稻品种的适应性决定其推广范围和利用价值。在水稻育过程中, 选择广适性的水稻品种是育种家所追求的重要目标。本研究有助于育种家在育种的早期阶段对材料的光温特性进行了解, 根据材料在不同季节和不同生态区第5节间长度的变化, 划分各育种材料的光温敏感性级别, 然后再根据材料的其他综合性状进行选育, 有可能选育出广适性的水稻品种。本研究所用的材料都是通过育种选择的材料, 具有良好的综合性状。特别是利用这些高代株系已经组配出了多基因型水稻品种[ 14], 并通过了海南省的审定。尚未发现第5节间变化对水稻产量和品质有不良的影响, 所以在育种中针对该性状的选择除了可以提早判断材料的光温敏感性外, 不会对品种的选育产生负面效应。因此, 该研究结果对水稻育种具有良好的参考价值。 致谢: 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所徐建龙研究员对论文的修改提出了宝贵意见, 在此表示感谢。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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