摘要:近年来, 水稻-小龙虾共作(稻虾共作)作为一种生态农业模式受到大力推广, 农户作为直接生产决策者, 厘清其采纳意愿及影响机理, 对稻虾共作模式的科学推广和可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究基于江苏省5市603个农户的调查数据, 采用计划行为理论和有序Logistic模型, 探讨农户稻虾共作模式采纳意愿的影响因素和异质性。结果表明: 1)样本中有56.88%的农户愿意采纳稻虾共作模式, 且收益预期是关键影响因素; 2)行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制均显著影响农户稻虾共作模式的采纳意愿; 3)不同限定条件下, 农户稻虾共作模式采纳意愿的影响因素具有异质性, 具体来说, 基础设施完备和兼业化对高预期收益农户采纳意愿的影响更强, 给予补贴、受邻里效应影响越小的农户采纳意愿越强, 同时, 受邻里影响小的农户对技术培训及学习容易程度要求越高, 给予补贴和提高农技部门指导效果可以提高基础设施不完备地区农户的采纳意愿, 邻里效应和兼业化对技术学习难易有负向影响, 而收益预期、环境预期能激励农户采纳生态农业模式。据此, 提出政府部门应加强技术培训力度和指导效果、完善基础设施、加快经营主体培育、探索差异化激励政策等政策建议。
关键词:稻虾共作/
农户/
计划行为理论/
采纳意愿/
异质性
Abstract:In recent years, rice-crayfish co-culture has been vigorously promoted as an ecological agricultural mode. As a direct production decision-maker, farmers’ adoption intention and its influence mechanism should be clarified for the scientific promotion and sustainable development of rice-crayfish co-culture. Based on the questionnaire survey and on-the-spot interviews data of 603 farmers in five cities of Jiangsu Province, this study explored the influencing factors and their heterogeneity of farmers’ willingness to adopt the rice-crayfish co-culture mode using the theory of planned behavior and ordered logistic model. Results show that: 1) 56.88% of the farmers in the sample were willing to adopt the rice-crayfish co-culture mode, with income expectation as the key influencing factor. 2) Behavioral attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control had significant effects on farmers’ willingness to adopt the rice-crayfish co-culture mode. The order of influence was as follows: perceptual behavior control > behavior attitude > subjective norm. 3) Under different qualifications, the factors influencing farmers’ willingness to adopt the rice-crayfish co-culture mode were heterogeneous. Specifically, complete infrastructure and part-time industrialization had a stronger influence on the willingness to adopt this mode of farmers with a high expected income. The farmers who were given subsidies and less affedcted by neighborhood had a stronger willingness to adopt the rice-crayfish co-culture mode. Farmers who were less influenced by the neighborhood had higher requirements for technical training and easeness of learning. The neighborhood effect, guidance of the agricultural technology department, difficulty of technical learning, and level of education had a significant positive effect on the willingness of farmers who participated in the technical training. Distributing subsidies and improving the guidance effect from agricultural technology departments could increase farmers’ willingness to adopt this mode in areas with incomplete infrastructure. Neighborhood effect and part-time employment had a negative impact on the difficulty of technology training, while the income expectation and environmental expectation stimulated farmers to adopt the rice-crayfish co-culture mode. Based on these results, the following policy recommendations were put forward: firstly, the government should strengthen the technical training and guidance effect; second, farmland infrastructure should be improved; third, new agricultural management subjects should be fostered quickly; and finally, differentiated incentive and guidance policies should be formulated according to farmer types.
Key words:Rice-crayfish co-culture mode/
Farmers/
Planned behavior theory/
Adoption willingness/
Heterogeneity
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