摘要:地下滴灌是一种用水效率极高的节水灌溉技术，具有少量多次、节水增产的特点，能有效减少土壤蒸发和深层渗漏，提高灌溉水利用效率，同时其自动化程度高，可降低劳动力和运行管理成本，已成为国内外水资源匮乏地区的重要灌溉技术之一。本文通过回顾地下滴灌技术的发展研究历程，概述了早期发展存在的问题以及现今研究的热点。系统对比了多种灌溉方式对作物产量、灌溉量与蒸散量的影响，指出地下滴灌技术具有极高的节水增产减蒸潜力；通过总结室内控制试验与已建立的数学模型，阐明了地下滴灌点源条件下多因素影响的土壤水分及养分运动过程，揭示了其节水增产的内在机理。进一步指出地下滴灌系统的多种关键技术参数，讨论了地下滴灌灌水设备、灌水均匀度、灌溉定额、灌水频率、滴灌带埋深与间距对作物产量与水分利用效率的影响。最后提出现阶段地下滴灌技术的应用难点和需进一步研究的问题。本文旨在阐述地下滴灌技术在水资源节约方面中的潜力及产生机理，为推动地下滴灌技术广泛应用提供科学依据。
关键词:地下滴灌/
水分运动特征/
水分利用效率/
节水潜力
Abstract:Subsurface drip irrigation is a water-saving irrigation technology with high water efficiency due to small irrigation volume and increased crop yield. Subsurface drip irrigation can effectively reduce evaporation and drainage and improve irrigation water productivity, whereas its' high degree of automation can reduce labor, operation, and management costs. This technique is an important irrigation technology in water-deficient areas in China. Here, we reviewed the development of subsurface drip irrigation technology, systematically compared the effects of various irrigation methods on crop yield, irrigation volume, and evapotranspiration, discussed the soil water movement process influenced by multiple factors under subsurface drip irrigation (from indoor control experiments and established mathematical models), revealed the water-saving and yield-increasing mechanisms of subsurface drip irrigation, and highlighted the key technical parameters of subsurface drip irrigation systems and their effects on crop yield and water use efficiency. Finally, we presented the difficulties of this system and called attention to the problems that required further research. This study examined the water conservation potential of subsurface drip irrigation and its underlying mechanisms, providing a scientific basis for promoting the widespread application of subsurface drip irrigation technology.
Key words:Subsurface drip irrigation/
Water movement characteristics/
Water use efficiency/
Water saving potential
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