摘要:在当前推进农业绿色高质量发展的大背景下，政策激励能否有效引导农户的生态价值观念形成，进而促进农户有机肥施用?既有研究并未给出相应的证据。鉴于此，基于湖北省758户稻农的调查数据，在运用熵权法测度农户生态认知的基础上，通过构建有调节的中介效应模型验证了政策激励、生态认知与农户有机肥施用行为间的逻辑作用关系，重点考察了生态认知在政策激励影响农户有机肥施用过程中的中介效应，家庭收入水平在政策激励通过生态认知影响农户有机肥施用过程中的调节效应。研究结果表明：1）政策激励对农户有机肥施用行为具有显著正向影响，其中政府宣传、政府培训、政府补贴均可促进农户有机肥施用。2）生态认知在政策激励对农户有机肥施用行为的影响中起到部分中介作用，政策激励对农户有机肥施用行为的正向影响可通过提高生态认知这一路径进行传导。3）政策激励通过生态认知影响农户有机肥施用行为的间接效应被家庭收入水平正向调节，即家庭收入水平的提高能够显著增强政策激励通过生态认知对农户有机肥施用行为的影响。据此，应着力落实有机肥政策激励，强化政府在有机肥推广中的作用，将生态认知作为推进有机肥替代化肥的重要政策参考，注重农户生态认知水平的提升，针对不同收入水平的农户采取差异化的有机肥推广政策。
关键词:政策激励/
生态认知/
家庭收入水平/
有机肥施用行为/
中介效应模型
Abstract:When striving to promote the green and high-quality development of agriculture, can policy incentives effectively guide the formation of ecological values and promote the application of organic fertilizer by farmers? Existing studies have not provided corresponding evidence. This article explored the relationships between policy incentives, ecological cognition, and organic fertilizer application by farmers to provide a useful reference for understanding organic fertilizer application by farmers, promote the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer, and realize the green development of agriculture. This study had specifically developed two aspects. First, it analyzed the mechanisms of policy incentives on organic fertilizer application by farmers from the perspective of ecological cognition and examined the decision-making mechanism of the farmers. Second, it considered the differences in the economic level of farmers. Low-income farmers had a lower ability to pay and bear risks; therefore, even if they were willing to adopt organic fertilizers, they struggled to translate this willingness into action. Thus, household income should be included in the analysis framework. Based on the survey data of 758 rice farmers in Hubei Province, this study used the entropy method to measure the ecological cognition of farmers and verified the influence mechanisms of policy incentives, ecological cognition on organic fertilizer application by farmers by constructing a moderated mediation model. This study focused on the mediating effect of ecological cognition in the process of policy incentives affecting organic fertilizer application by farmers and the moderating effect of household income in the process of policy incentives affecting organic fertilizer application by farmers through ecological cognition. The results showed that: 1) policy incentives had a significant positive (P < 5%) impact on organic fertilizer application by farmers. Government propaganda, training, and subsidies encouraged organic fertilizer use. 2) Ecological cognition played a partial intermediary role between policy incentives and organic fertilizer application by farmers, suggesting that policy incentives positively impact organic fertilizer applications via improved ecological cognition. 3) The indirect effect of policy incentives on organic fertilizer application by farmers through ecological cognition was positively regulated by household income. Increased household income significantly enhanced the influence of policy incentives on organic fertilizer application through ecological cognition. Based on these results, this study proposed the following policy implications. It is necessary to implement organic fertilizer policy incentives and to strengthen the role of the government in organic fertilizer promotion. The government should also consider ecological cognition of farmers when promoting organic fertilizers application. In the early promotion stages of organic fertilizer technology, high-income farmers can serve as an entry point to rapidly expand the use of organic fertilizers. Conversely, low-income farmers may represent difficult targets for future organic fertilizer promotion. Increased subsidies for the application of organic fertilizers to low-income farmers may help to reduce their economic risks.
Key words:Policy incentives/
Ecological cognition/
Household income/
Organic fertilizer application/
Mediation model
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