摘要:稻蛙生态种养模式将蛙类引入稻田，提高水稻生产系统的生产效率与可持续发展能力，是我国现代农业发展中重要的生态农业产业之一。为评价稻蛙生态种养模式的经营效益，本研究运用能值分析法，综合分析2015—2019年上海市青浦区稻蛙生态种养模式生产系统的能值投入和能值产出，并选用能值自给率、能值投资率、净能值产出率、环境负载率、可持续发展指数5项指标评价其能值效率。分析结果表明：2015—2019年青浦区稻蛙生态种养模式生产系统中，农田灌溉水、雨水化学能、复合肥、有机肥、基础设施等是主要的能值投入内容；稻谷、秸秆、成蛙以及政策性收入为主要产出能值内容。稻蛙生态种养模式生产系统能值自给率与能值投资率均值分别为0.18和4.86，5年中无明显变化趋势；净能值产出率均值为3.65，呈逐年上升趋势；环境负载率均值为0.46，总体呈下降趋势；可持续发展指数均值为8.52，总体呈上升趋势。由于研究区域与经营模式的差异，与其他系统相比，稻蛙生态种养模式生产系统承受环境压力较小，能值可持续指标表现良好，可持续发展潜力大，是值得拓展推广的绿色生产模式；但系统自我维持力弱，受经济社会影响波动较大，农业生态系统经济发展程度与生产效率仍有提升空间，应充分利用当地资源，适当增加能值投入，开拓多元化产品，提高系统产出率。本研究为稻蛙生态种养模式进一步健康稳定发展和推广提供了参考依据与方法借鉴。
关键词:稻蛙生态种养/
能值/
生产系统/
效益评价/
可持续发展
Abstract:Integrated rice-frog farming (IRFF) is an ecological farming method that can improve production efficiency and promote sustainable development in agriculture. However, few studies have analyzed the benefits of IRFF. This study performed an emergy analysis to evaluate the IRFF system energy input and output in the Qingpu District, Shanghai, China, from 2015 to 2019 and calculated the self-sufficiency, emergy investment ratio, emergy yield ratio, the environmental loading ratio, and the sustainable development index. The results showed that irrigation water, rainfall chemical energy, compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and infrastructure were the primary IRFF system energy inputs; rice, straw, frogs, and policy income were the primary energy outputs. The average emergy self-sufficiency and investment ratios from 2015 to 2019 were 0.18 and 4.86, respectively, with no significant changes over the five years. The average emergy yield ratio was 3.65, which generally increased annually. The average environmental loading ratio was 0.46, trending downwards, and the average sustainable development index was 8.52, trending upwards. Compared with similar farming systems, the IRFF system emergy indices performed better because of the differences in study areas and management modes. In the IRFF system, the natural resource input was less, and the purchasing emergy input and output efficiency were higher than in other systems. These results indicated that the IRFF system had a low dependence on natural resources and placed minimal pressure on the environmental system. The IRFF system had great potential for sustainable development and ecological production, but the results showed that the IRFF system was weak in self-sustainment and fluctuated greatly under the influence of economy and society. The energy value investment and net energy value output rates were also low, and the use of resources was insufficient, but there was development potential. Therefore, to further develop the IRFF system in the Qingpu District, more input emergy should be invested, and diversified commodities should be developed to improve the total output efficiency.
Key words:Integrated rice-frog farming/
Emergy/
Production systems/
Benefit evaluation/
Sustainable development
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