摘要:本研究选用优质食味粳稻品种‘辽粳433’和‘五优稻4号’（稻花香2号）为材料，设置了稻蟹生态种养（ecological rice-crab，ERC）和水稻单植（rice monoculture，RM）2个模式，测定与稻米品质相关的蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量和矿物质元素含量，采用非靶向代谢组学方法分析两个模式之间与营养相关的差异代谢产物，从多个方面分析稻蟹生态种养的稻米营养品质，为稻蟹生态种养模式的应用推广提供理论依据。结果表明，与RM相比，ERC的‘辽粳433’和‘五优稻4号’糙米蛋白质含量显著降低6.75%和10.11%，Fe含量显著增加，为RM的2.03倍和4.99倍，Se含量显著增加，为RM的3.11倍和5.74倍，Pb含量显著降低35.11%和44.35%。采用GC-MS检测到233种代谢产物，利用偏最小二乘法（PLS-DA）分析发现，ERC和RM糙米的代谢产物差异显著，ERC诱导‘辽粳433’和‘五优稻4号’的4-氨基丁酸显著上调为RM的2.11倍和11.99倍，抗氧化性物质α-生育酚、β-羟肉豆蔻酸以及奎宁酸分别显著上调为RM的1.62倍和2.22倍、12.64倍和20.48倍以及14.25倍和4.67倍，己糖醇显著上调为RM的14.36倍和15.14倍，半乳糖醇显著上调为RM的3.13倍和2.87倍。此外，ERC的‘辽粳433’产量降低286.0 kg·km-2，‘五优稻4号’产量增加344.5 kg·km-2，均与RM差异不显著。综上所述，稻蟹生态种养模式在稳产的基础上可以增加优质食味粳稻稻米的营养价值。
关键词:稻蟹生态种养/
代谢组学/
营养品质/
产量/
矿物质元素/
食味品质
Abstract:In this study, we investigated the effects of an ecological rice-crab mode on the nutritional value of rice using two cropping patterns, ecological rice-crab (ERC) and rice monoculture (RM). Two japonica rice cultivars with good taste quality, 'Liaojing 433' and 'Wuyoudao No.4' (Daohuaxiang No.2), were selected as the study materials, and the rice contents of protein, amylose, and mineral elements, which are related to rice quality, were measured. Differences in the nutrition-related metabolites of ERC and RM were analyzed using non-targeted metabolomics. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the application and popularization of the ecological rice-crab mode. The results showed that compared with RM, the protein content of brown rice of 'Liaojing 433' and 'Wuyoudao No.4' under the ERC mode significantly decreased by 6.75% and 10.11%, respectively, and Pb content decreased by 35.11% and 44.35%, respectively. The Fe content significantly increased by 1.03 and 3.99 times, respectively, and the Se content increased by 2.11 and 4.74 times, respectively. Two hundred and thirty-three metabolites were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Significant differences in the metabolites were found between ERC and RM brown rice by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Compared with RM, the content of 4-aminobutyric acid in 'Liaojing 433' and 'Wuyoudao No.4' under the ERC mode increased significantly by 1.11 and 10.99 times, respectively; and the contents of antioxidant substances, such as alpha-tocopherol, beta-hydroxamic acid, and quinic acid, significantly increased by 0.62 and 1.22 times, 11.64 and 19.48 times, and 13.25 and 3.67 times, respectively. The hexitol content increased by 13.36 and 14.14 times, respectively, and the galactitol content increased by 2.13 and 1.87 times, respectively. Rice yield of 'Liaojing 433' under the ERC mode decreased by 286.0 kg·km-2, whereas that of 'Wuyoudao No.4' under the ERC mode increased by 344.5 kg·km-2. However, there were no significant differences in rice yield between ERC and RM. In conclusion, the ERC mode can increase the nutritional value of high-quality japonica rice without reducing its production.
Key words:Ecological rice-crab mode/
Metabolomics/
Nutritional quality/
Yield/
Mineral elements/
Taste quality
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