摘要:农药投入过量是我国农业生产中的普遍问题，推进农药减量投入是促进农业绿色、可持续发展的重要举措。农户是农药施用的微观决策主体，对农户施药行为进行深入的理论和实证研究，有利于引导农户减少农药投入。本研究通过分析农户施药行为的内在机理，对影响农户施药行为的内外部因素做出细化，弥补现有研究在生产经营、外部环境等影响因素分析上存在遗漏部分重要因素或表征变量不够准确的不足。基于7省746户种粮农户的调查数据，采用广义有序Logit模型，对影响农户施药行为的个体和家庭因素、生产经营因素、外部环境因素进行实证分析，弥补了传统OLS模型或二项Logit模型估计方法的不足，揭示了各因素对农户施药行为的影响方向和影响程度。结果表明：1）从影响方向看，受教育程度、种粮面积、地块集中度、地权稳定性、农药投入成本、农业技术培训、农业生产保险等变量对农户施药强度具有显著的负向影响，年龄、种粮收入占比、种粮动机等变量对农户施药强度具有显著的正向影响，表明农户年龄越小、受教育程度越高、种粮面积越大、地块集中度越高、地权稳定性越好、种粮收入占比较低、以自给为目的、农药投入成本越低、参与农业技术培训和农业生产保险，施药强度越低。2）从影响程度看，农业技术培训、农业生产保险、种粮收入占比、受教育程度、地块集中度、地权稳定性、种粮动机等变量对农户施药强度的影响较大，而种粮面积、农户年龄、农药投入成本的影响相对较小。为激励农户减量投入农药，政府应采取有效措施激发农户安全生产的内生动力，也为农户减少农药投入创造有利的外部环境。
关键词:施药行为/
内在机理/
种粮农户/
广义有序Logit模型
Abstract:Excessive pesticide input is a common problem of agricultural production in China. The reduction of pesticide input is important for promoting green and sustainable agricultural development. Farmers are the main micro-decision-making bodies for pesticide inputs; therefore, theoretical and empirical research was conducted on farmers' behavior regarding pesticide input. This study examined the important factors finely through analyzing internal mechanism of farmers' pesticide input behavior, such as production, operation, and the external environment, which were not considered in the prior researches. Based on the household survey data of 746 grain farmers from seven provinces of China, the generalized ordered Logit model was used to empirically analyze the effects of individual and family factors, production factors, and external environmental factors on farmers' behavior toward pesticide input. This study compensated for the shortcomings of the traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) model or the binomial Logit model estimation method and highlighted the impact direction and degree of each factor on farmers' pesticide input behavior. The results showed that 1) from the perspective of impact direction, education level, sown area of grain, land concentration, land tenure, pesticide input cost, agricultural technology training, and agricultural production insurance had significant negative effects on pesticide input intensity. Farmers' age, grain income proportion, and production motivation had significant positive effects on the pesticide input intensity. These results suggest that younger age, a higher education level, greater sown area of grain, higher land concentration, better land tenure, lower grain income proportion, production for self-sufficiency, lower pesticide input cost, participation in agricultural technology training, and agricultural production insurance were associated with a lower likelihood of pesticide input. 2) From the perspective of impact degree, agricultural technical training, agricultural production insurance, grain income proportion, education level, land concentration, land tenure, and production motivation had greater effects on pesticide input intensity, whereas the effects of sown area of grain, farmer's age, and pesticide input cost were weaker. To encourage farmers to reduce pesticide input, the government should introduce measures to stimulate the endogenous power of farmers' safe production and create supportive external conditions.
Key words:Pesticide input behavior/
Internal mechanism/
Grain farmers/
Genseralized ordered Logit model
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