摘要:农业文化遗产的保护与发展是当前多个学科领域的****广泛关注的热点话题。欲实现农业文化遗产地的可持续发展，结合产业、地域环境等因素协调其所在地的经济收入是重要环节之一。本文以中国重要农业文化遗产地——赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗为例，基于空间分析方法——地理探测器，结合产业发展、资源配置和地形特征等可能产生人均纯收入差异的空间因子，对我国农业文化遗产地人均纯收入差异驱动力进行分析和阐释，旨在为农业文化遗产地资源调控及经济建设政策制定提供科学依据。研究结果表明，研究区第一产业类型和二三产业发展程度是造成当地人均纯收入差异的关键驱动力；交通便利程度、水资源供给能力、高程和国家级自然保护区的设立也在一定程度上拉开了当地人均纯收入差距；并且这4个因子与前2个产业因子对人均纯收入空间分布的影响存在显著差异。进而得出以畜牧业为主的农业生产方式(q=0.30)以及二三产业从业人数比例较小(q=0.37)是限制阿鲁科尔沁草原游牧系统所在地巴彦温都尔苏木收入水平的主要因素，交通不便(q=0.11)及海拔较高(q=0.15)等地域环境特征也在一定程度上拉开了巴彦温都尔苏木与周边区域的人均纯收入差距。基于此，本研究认为当地的下一步发展应重视以下3个方面：1)在保护农业文化遗产的同时适当发展传统畜牧业转型；2)将农业文化遗产打造为特色品牌进而推动特色农产品和特色旅游的发展；3)加强基础设施建设，为产业发展做足准备。
关键词:中国重要农业文化遗产/
地理探测器/
收入差异/
驱动力分析/
赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗
Abstract:The preservation and development of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) is popular among scholars across multiple disciplines and currently enjoys strong national support. A major step toward achieving sustainable development of IAHS sites is integration of relevant loco-regional factors—including industrial, geographic, and environmental—into strategies maximizing local economic potential. While industrial conditions and geographic limitation of environmental resources are known to influence the preservation and development of IAHS, most prior studies incorporated such information only qualitatively. This study used the Geographical Detectors, a quantitative spatial analysis methodology, to identify and rank key factors limiting local economy growth, which was measured with the net income per capita. Chifeng City's Ar Horqin Banner was used as a case study, in where Bayanwenduer Sumu (Town) is the location of a China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS)—Ar Horqin Grassland Nomadic System. The Geographical Detectors encompassing six major spatial factors (two industrial factors—primary industry type, degree of secondary and tertiary industries development; and four geography environmental factors—transportation convenience, water supply capacity, topographic elevation, and the presence of national nature reserves) was used to identify driving forces potentially influencing income underlying regional inequality of net income per capita. The primary industry type and degree of secondary and tertiary industries development were determined as two main driving forces of differences in net income per capita. The transportation convenience, water supply capacity, topographic elevation, and the presence of national nature reserves also increased the differences in net income per capita to a certain extent, but their effects on spatial distribution of income was significantly different from the previous two industrial factors. For the China-NIAHS site Bayanwenduer Sumu, major identified income-limiting factors included an agricultural production method based on animal husbandry (q=0.30) and a relatively small proportion of workers employed within secondary and tertiary industries (q=0.37). Factors identified as independently limiting income to a lesser degree include transportation convenience (q=0.11) and topographic elevation (q=0.15). Evidence-based hypothetical solutions deriving from these observations consisted of regional development focused on three aspects: (1) transformation of traditional animal husbandry practices while preserving IAHS, (2) positioning IAHS as a distinctive brand in order to promote unique agricultural products and tourism, and (3) improvement of infrastructure in preparation for industrial development. Such findings provide a scientific basis for promulgation of local governmental policy regarding IAHS resource regulation and economic development.
Key words:China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS)/
Geographical Detectors/
Income gap/
Driving force analysis/
Ar Horqin Banner of Chifeng City
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