摘要:为了保护具有全球重要性的传统农业系统，联合国粮农组织于2002年发起全球重要农业文化遗产（GIAHS）保护倡议。经过十几年的发展，中国目前拥有的GIAHS数量最多，但也面临着GIAHS科学保护与有效管理的艰巨任务。作为遗产管理的重要内容，监测对提升遗产管理水平具有重要作用。科学有效的遗产监测不仅可以实现遗产自身的保护及其价值的维护，而且可以实现遗产地的可持续发展。然而，我国的GIAHS监测工作刚刚起步，尚未建立一套科学完善的GIAHS监测体系，也缺乏相关理论研究作为支撑。为此，本文在充分借鉴世界遗产监测经验与实践的基础上，对GIAHS监测概念与内涵、监测范围与内容、数据收集与管理等关键问题进行了详细阐述，并提出由三级监测网络、动态监测系统和两级巡视制度构成的GIAHS监测体系。动态监测系统是GIAHS监测体系的核心组成，包括监测范围、监测内容、监测方法、数据管理的多个方面。三级监测网络和两级巡视制度是GIAHS监测体系的基础保障，不仅有助于形成主动监测与监督巡视相结合的监测巡视机制，而且将监测数据汇交与评估意见反馈形成闭合回路，从而提高GIAHS保护与管理工作的科学性与系统性。研究结果不仅有助于丰富GIAHS监测理论，进一步推动中国的GIAHS监测工作，也能为国际GIAHS监测提供中国经验。
关键词:全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)/
世界遗产/
遗产监测/
遗产管理/
监测体系
Abstract:To conserve important traditional agricultural systems of global, the FAO initiated a global partnership on the dynamic conservation and adaptive management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) in 2002. After more than ten years of development, China now has the largest number of GIAHS in the world, while at the same time faces the largest degree of pressure relating to the conservation and management of GIAHS. Scientific monitoring plays an essential role in the improvement of heritage management. Effective heritage monitoring can, not only highlight the conservation needs of the heritage site itself and the maintenance of its values, but also contribute to the sustainable development of the heritage site. However, monitoring of GIAHS in China is a relatively new enterprise and lacks the theoretical knowledge needed to support effective monitoring; not to mention the design and establishment of a GIAHS monitoring system at the national level. Therefore, this paper first fully reviewed the experience and practice of World Heritage monitoring, and then elaborated on the key issues of GIAHS monitoring, with reference to World Heritage, such as the concept and connotation, scope and content, and data collection and management. Based on these issues, this paper put forward a monitoring system for GIAHS consisting of a three-leveled monitoring network, a dynamic monitoring system, and a two-leveled inspection system. The dynamic monitoring system is the core part of the GIAHS monitoring system, comprised of monitoring scope, contents, methods, and data management. The scope of GIAHS monitoring was defined as the changes in agriculture heritage systems and their associated conservation and development measures. The contents of GIAHS monitoring included value changes in ecological conservation, economic development, social maintenance, and cultural heritage, as well as management measures in capacity building, publicity, demonstration, and diffusion. As these contents varied in time and space, GIAHS monitoring should be carried out at multiple levels, such as the annual report and the survey report. The three-leveled monitoring network and the two-leveled inspection system were the foundations of the GIAHS monitoring. Not only did the two approaches help form a monitoring and patrol mechanism combining active monitoring with passive supervision, but also help form a closed loop by monitoring data collection and evaluation results feedback, so as to greatly improve the scientificity and systematicness of the conservation and management of GIAHS. The established monitoring system can, not only enrich the theoretical knowledge relating to GIAHS monitoring and further promote the practice of GIAHS monitoring in China, but also help improve GIAHS monitoring across the world.
Key words:Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)/
World Heritage/
Heritage monitoring/
Heritage management/
Monitoring system
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