摘要:开展重要农业文化遗产价值识别与评估，有助于更好地识别其核心价值分布，了解其重要的生态、社会、文化等功能，并促进重要农业文化遗产保护与发展的多方参与，以促进其价值实现。本文是重要农业文化遗产价值体系构建及评估研究系列文章的第2部分，基于所构建的重要农业文化遗产价值体系，针对全球重要农业文化遗产——江苏兴化垛田传统农业系统，选择可行指标，以2016年调查与统计数据为基础，结合客观与主观评价方法，对其价值进行评估。结果表明，2016年，江苏兴化垛田传统农业系统总价值为685.81亿元，其中载体价值为363.09亿元，服务价值（即年度流量价值）为322.72亿元。服务价值中品牌价值111.74亿元，生态价值102.40亿元，产品价值72.57亿元，科技、社会、审美、文化、历史和精神价值36.00亿元。显然，江苏兴化垛田传统农业系统是多类型的价值载体，其价值体系与核心价值能够反映重要农业文化遗产的复合功能与全球重要性。以载体价值为基础，江苏兴化垛田传统农业系统具有较高的产品价值，更具有丰富的生态价值与突出的品牌价值，值得管理者以此为基础进行针对性保护与品牌价值提升。该案例研究过程及其结果表明，所构建的重要农业文化遗产价值体系能够适应具体遗产地系统特征，反映遗产地价值构成与价值分布，有助于遗产地基于价值提升进行有针对性的保护与管理，进一步与自然保护地管理体系建设相衔接，并能够通过指标选择与动态监测评价其价值变动，以服务于遗产的可持续管理。
关键词:重要农业文化遗产/
全球重要农业文化遗产/
价值评估/
江苏兴化垛田传统农业系统/
自然保护地体系
Abstract:Effective management of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS) hinges on a comprehensive understanding of their complexity, reflected in multiple values. These values include, but are not limited to, ecological, social, and cultural values, thus entailing an integrated value typology and possible quantitative evaluation approaches, focusing on the complex and dynamic agro-systems with strategic significance to human development. It is necessary to apply this value typology to specific cases so that certain evaluation indices can be proposed and valuation methods tested to confirm their practical feasibility, and to identify any gaps between theory and practice. With this in mind, and for a better understanding of the multiple functions of the Xinghua Duotian Traditional Agro-system (XDTA) in Jiangsu Province, a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS), this research assessed its values according to the value typology. For the first time, the value of a GIAHS site was assessed, and as a second part of the two-part series of value typology and evaluation of IAHS, this paper presented a core value distribution in order to promote multi-stakeholder participation in conservation and development of the heritage site. Based on the constructed value system of the IAHS, this paper selected indices relevant to the land use and ecosystems of the XDTA, and collected data from multiple sources including the literature, statistical yearbooks, and social survey. The existence value of this GIAHS in 2016 was assessed following appropriate calculation approaches based on previously proposed evaluation methods, which covered a direct market approach, alternative market approach, and simulated market approach. Most of these approaches were widely used and proved feasible in the evaluation of natural resources and ecosystem services. The results showed that the total value of XDTA in 2016 was 68.581 billion RMB Yuan, of which the carrier value was 36.309 billion RMB Yuan and the service value was 32.272 billion RMB Yuan. For the service value, the brand value was 11.174 billion RMB Yuan, the ecological value was 10.240 billion RMB Yuan, the product value was 7.257 billion RMB Yuan, and the value of science, technology, society, aesthetics, culture, history, and spirit summed up to 3.600 billion RMB Yuan. Therefore, as a GIAHS, XDTA is a multi-type value carrier, the value system of which can reflect the multiple functions and global significance of GIAHS. Carrier value is the base for other product and service values, and a wide range of ecological values and outstanding brand values were also identified. These results could be regarded as basis for targeted conservation and brand value promotion for local governors. The research process and the aforementioned results indicate that the proposed value typology system is applicable to certain heritage sites, with their specific features reflected and evaluated by carefully selected indices and a combination of evaluation approaches. Value composition and distribution can be manifested to support targeted conservation management and to further integrate protected area management. However, more accurate evaluation is highly dependent on the selection of indices and their evaluation, which is achievable by deeper research into the explanation and quantification of non-materialistic values. Through index system optimization and dynamic monitoring of heritage sites, it is possible to generate a consistent value database to assist in the sustainable management of the heritage.
Key words:Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (IAHS)/
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)/
Value evaluation/
Xinghua Duotian Traditional Agrosystem in Jiangsu Province/
Natural protected area system
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