摘要:旅游资源评价是农业文化遗产旅游开发与有效保护的前提，评价结果对于遗产地资源管理与可持续利用具有重要影响。文章基于农业文化遗产旅游资源的开发适宜性视角，从资源要素价值、时间适宜性和空间适宜性3个维度，选取历史文化价值、艺术观赏价值、科学研究价值、自然环境、资源规模潜力、游客舒适度和交通可达性7个层面的15个指标，通过层次分析法和熵值法确定组合权重，运用多因子加权评价模型和GIS空间分析方法，并以浙江省庆元县香菇文化系统为例，对农业文化遗产旅游资源进行评价。结果表明：庆元县农业文化遗产旅游资源开发适宜性空间上总体呈“中间高，四周低”的格局。其中，中部地区的松原镇、五大堡乡、四山乡、贤良镇和百山祖乡的旅游资源优势突出，是开发潜力最大的地区；南部地区的安南乡、举水乡、岭头乡和龙溪乡尽管形成了一定规模的自然旅游资源，但由于交通可达性较差，降低了旅游开发适宜度；东部地区的左溪镇、官塘乡和江根乡可供开发的旅游资源较少，因而旅游开发适宜度不高。从时间分布上看，春末(4月和5月)及秋季(10月)是庆元香菇文化资源旅游开发的最佳时期。为增强南部和东部地区旅游资源开发的适宜度，建议进一步加强该区的交通基础设施建设，提高区域之间的交通通达度；同时，采取多种资源组合的开发方式，增加游客的适游时间。基于开发适宜性视角构建农业文化遗产旅游资源评价框架，可为农业文化遗产地旅游资源价值分析、旅游开发实践提供理论支撑和方法指导。
关键词:农业文化遗产/
全球重要农业文化遗产/
中国重要农业文化遗产/
旅游资源评价/
时空适宜性/
庆元香菇文化系统/
浙江省庆元县
Abstract:The tourism resources of agricultural heritage systems (AHS) are abundant mainly owing to their distinct landscape, farming technology, agro-biodiversity, culture and knowledge of traditional agro-system formed during long-term human-nature interactions. However, AHS tourism differs from mass tourism due to these distinct features, especially its high fragility, sensitivity, and comprehensiveness. Therefore, it is critical that such features be considered during tourism resource development and AHS sites management. Tourism resource evaluation and suitable evaluation indices are the premise of sustainable tourism development and effective site protection. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the temporal and spatial suitability of AHS tourism resources, such as their seasonality and remoteness or distribution. A three-dimensional evaluation framework was developed that considered resource elements values, spatial suitability, and temporal suitability as the dimension level. Seven criterion levels, historical culture value, art value, scientific research value, natural environment, traffic accessibility, resources scale potential and tourist comfort composed the criterion levels, which were further expressed by 15 indexes. Meanwhile, the weights of criterion levels and indexes, in the evaluation framework, were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy Weight Method (EWM), and the development suitability was analyzed using GIS and Multi-criteria Evaluation (MCE). Finally, the evaluation framework was applied to Qingyuan County in Zhejiang Province, location of the Qingyuan Mushroom Cultural System in Zhejiang Province which was certificated as one of the China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS) sites in 2014. The evaluation results showed that the development suitability of AHS tourism resources in the county was "high in the center and low around the edges". In the central Qingyuan, the towns of Songyuan, Wudabao, Sishan, Xianliang, and Baishanzu were greatest in evaluation scores, which indicated their relatively greater development potential. In southern Quingyuan, the natural tourism resources in the towns of Annan, Jushui, Lingtou, and Longxi were favorable; however, the overall tourism development suitability of the towns was greatly reduced by their poor accessibility. In eastern Qingyuan, the tourism development suitabilities of Zuoxi, Guantang, and Jianggen were limited by the paucity of tourism resources. In terms of temporal distribution, late spring (April and May) and autumn (October) were the most favorable seasons for tourism. The case study confirmed that the evaluation system could be applied to AHS sites. According to the evaluation results, it is possible that suitability of tourism resource development of towns in southern and eastern Qingyaun, which are either difficult to access or insufficient in tourism resources, could be enhanced if local governments intensified the construction of transportation infrastructure and combined agricultural heritage and dispersed tourism resources to promote regional tourism networking and increase the acceptable travel time of tourists. From the perspective of development suitability, the evaluation framework of agricultural heritage tourism resources provides both theoretical support and methodological guidance for the evaluation and development of AHS sites.
Key words:Agricultural heritage systems (AHS)/
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)/
China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS)/
Evaluation of tourism resources/
Temporal and spatial suitability/
Qingyuan Mushroom Cultural System/
Qingyuan County in Zhejiang Province
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