摘要:由联合国粮农组织认定的全球重要农业文化遗产（GIAHS）是一类典型的社会生态生产景观（SEPLS），在传统知识传承保护、粮食与食物安全保障、农业生物多样性保护、气候变化应对等诸多方面具有重要意义。为了更好、更有效地开展GIAHS保护及管理工作，本文在分析GIAHS评估重要性和恢复力概念的基础上，以联合国大学（UNU）等团队开发的社会生态生产景观恢复力评估框架（SEPLS模型）为基础，构建了GIAHS恢复力评估框架（GIAHS-RAF），明确了其评估及计算过程。并以中国第1个GIAHS项目——浙江青田稻鱼共生系统（Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System in Zhejiang Province，RFC）为例，通过对核心保护区——龙现村在2004年（GIAHS项目授牌前）和2016年（GIAHS授牌11年）的恢复力状况进行评估，探讨模型在GIAHS保护成效评估中的适用性。研究结果显示：1）2016年龙现村恢复力整体状况相对较弱，各项资本评估得分为：物质资本（0.75）>经济资本（0.63）>人类资本（0.61）>社会资本（0.57）>自然资本（0.38）；2）虽然农户收入来源多样且社会经济基础设施能较好地满足社区需求，但是遗产地内部农业物种较少，农户对于系统提供的粮食多样性尚不是非常满意；3）相较于2004年，经过11年的保护工作，研究区恢复力有所提高，说明GIAHS项目的实施对该遗产的恢复力有积极影响，尤其是物质资本和经济资本两方面。评估结果与该区域相关研究结果及实地调查情况一致，说明所构建的GIAHS恢复力评估框架可以很好地应用于对GIAHS项目及其他相关农业文化遗产的保护成效评估工作。
关键词:全球重要农业文化遗产/
社会生态生产景观恢复力评估框架(SEPLS模型)/
恢复力评估框架/
保护成效评估/
浙江青田稻鱼共生系统
Abstract:Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) sites, designated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), are typical Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS). They play an important role in many areas, including the inheritance and conservation of traditional knowledge, food safety, agrobiodiversity conservation, and climate change adaptation. In order to more effectively promote GIAHS conservation and management, this article constructed a "GIAHS Resilience Assessment Framework (GIAHS-RAF)" founded on a comprehensive discussion of the importance of assessing GIAHS sites and resilience concepts. This framework was based on the Resilience Assessment Framework of Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes model (SEPLS Model) developed by a team including the United Nations University (UNU), and clarified the purpose and defined the evaluation and calculation process. We used the GIAHS-RAF to assess the conservation effectiveness of the first GIAHS site in China, the Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System in Zhejiang Province (RFC), from 2004 (one year before GIAHS certification) to 2016 (11 years after GIAHS certification). The results showed that the overall resilience of "Longxian Village" (core area of RFC) in 2016 was weak, with the scores of five capitals being 0.75 (material capital), 0.63 (economic capital), 0.61 (human capital), 0.57 (social capital), and 0.38 (natural capital). Additionally, we found that despite diverse local resident incomes and a social and economic infrastructure that adequately met community needs, problems such as local species loss and resident dissatisfaction with food diversity still existed. Compared to 2004, the resilience of the system after 11 years of conservation was higher which implied that implementation of the GIAHS initiative had a positive effect on traditional agricultural system, especially the material and economic capitals. These results are consistent with existing research results and field investigations, proving that the GIAHS-RAF can be satisfactorily applied to the assessment of the conservation effectiveness of GIAHS sites and other agricultural heritage systems.
Key words:Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)/
Resilience Assessment Framework of Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes model (SEPLS Model)/
GIAHS Resilience Assessment Framework (GIAHS-RAF)/
Conservation effectiveness assessment/
Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System in Zhejiang Province (RFC)
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