摘要:福寿螺[Pomacea canaliculata（Lamark 1822）]是世界100种恶性外来入侵物种之一。近年来，有关福寿螺的研究主要集中在稻田、沟渠、河流、湖泊等淡水区，对其向盐水区扩散的研究较少。为探究不同个体大小福寿螺对盐胁迫的响应差异，采用静水法测定了3种个体大小的福寿螺在盐胁迫（0 g·L-1、2.5 g·L-1、5.0 g·L-1、7.5 g·L-1和10.0 g·L-1）下的耗氧率和排氨率。结果表明：盐度、福寿螺个体大小以及二者的交互作用均对福寿螺的耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响。3种个体大小福寿螺的耗氧率和排氨率均在盐度2.5 g·L-1时达峰值，在盐度2.5~10.0 g·L-1时随着盐度的升高逐渐降低。在盐度0 g·L-1（对照组）、2.5 g·L-1、5.0 g·L-1、7.5 g·L-1和10.0 g·L-1处理下，福寿螺的耗氧率和排氨率均与软体部干重（在65℃烘干48 h）之间呈负相关，即福寿螺耗氧率和排氨率的高低均表现为小螺>中螺>大螺。福寿螺氧氮比（O/N）的范围为5.80~30.46，并在盐度为2.5 g·L-1时达峰值，之后随着盐度的升高而逐步降低。其中，在盐度2.5~7.5 g·L-1处理下，3种不同大小福寿螺的O/N均与对照组无显著差异。综合来看，福寿螺可短期或间歇性在盐度7.5 g·L-1以下的盐水环境生存。
关键词:福寿螺/
耐盐性/
耗氧率/
排氨率/
氧氮比/
生物入侵
Abstract:Pomacea canaliculata (Lamark 1822) is one of the 100 worst alien invasive species in the world. To date, P. canaliculata snails have been mainly studied in freshwater areas, such as paddy fields, canals, ditches, rivers, and lakes, whereas there have been only a few studies on the potential risk of P. canaliculata spreading to salty water areas. In order to investigate the response differences of small, medium, and large P. canaliculata snails to salt stress, we determined the oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate of the three differently sized snails under five salinity treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g·L-1) using the hydrostatic method. The results showed that salinity, snail size, and their interactions had significant effects on the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates of the snails (P < 0.001). The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates of the studied snails reached a peak at 2.5 g·L-1 salinity. However, between 2.5-10.0 g·L-1 salinity, they gradually decreased as the salinity increased. There was a negative correlation between oxygen consumption rate or ammonia excretion rate, and the dry meat weight (oven-dried at 65℃ for 48 h) of the snails. The oxygen consumption rate and the ammonia excretion rate followed the order small snails > medium snails > large snails. The oxygen-nitrogen ratio (O/N) for P. canaliculata ranged from 5.80 to 30.46, reaching a peak when the salinity was 2.5 g·L-1, and then gradually decreased as the salinity increased. There were no significant differences in the O/N among the three differently sized P. canaliculata snails compared to the control group when the salinity was 2.5-7.5 g·L-1. This study showed that the snails could survive for a short period of time in a saline environment with a salinity below 7.5 g·L-1.
Key words:Pomacea canaliculata/
Salt tolerance/
Oxygen consumption rate/
Ammonia excretion rate/
Oxygen-nitrogen ratio/
Biological invasion
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