摘要:针对叶菜类蔬菜有机肥氮替代化肥氮的最佳替代比例及对经济效益和环境效应综合评价较缺乏等问题，本研究采用田间试验，对包心菜和小青菜进行等氮水平下不同比例有机肥替代化肥处理，包括：纯化肥氮（0M），25%、50%、75%和100%有机肥替代化肥（25% M、50% M、75% M和100% M），研究不同处理下蔬菜产量、经济效益、土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放。结果表明，25% M处理下包心菜和小青菜产量均达最高，且与0M处理相比包心菜和小青菜的产量分别增加15.0%（P < 0.05）和16.3%（P < 0.05）。25% M比0M处理经济效益分别增加11.7%和5.4%，但在50% M、75% M和100% M处理下经济效益为负增长。25% M处理下，氨挥发累积排放量在包心菜和小青菜季分别为42.1 kg·hm-2和12.9 kg·hm-2，比0M处理分别降低23.4%（P < 0.05）和41.6%（P < 0.05）；0M和25% M处理间氧化亚氮累积排放量无显著差异，25% M处理在包心菜和小青菜季的氧化亚氮累积排放量分别为0.74 kg·hm-2和3.06 kg·hm-2；与25% M处理相比，50% M、75% M和100% M处理下氧化亚氮排放分别增加33.7%~60.8%（P < 0.05）、50.0%~134.3%（P < 0.05）和56.8%~185.6%（P < 0.05）。基于此，提出叶菜类蔬菜有机肥氮替代化肥氮的适宜替代比例在25%左右时可实现最佳的增效减排效果。
关键词:有机肥替代化肥/
增效减排/
包心菜/
小青菜/
氨挥发/
氧化亚氮
Abstract:Vegetables are the second largest crop in China, with leafy vegetables accounting for a large proportion, for which the yield is increasingly dependent on large inputs of chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen. However, there are problems concerning the high application rate of chemical fertilizers and low nitrogen use efficiency of leafy vegetable production. Continuously high inputs of chemical nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to soil quality degradation, environmental pollution, and other problems, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of vegetable production. The partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with manure could potentially increase efficiency and reduce emissions. To illuminate the best ratio for the nitrogen replacement of chemical fertilizer by manure, and to evaluate the economic benefits and environmental effects of leafy vegetable production, field experiments were conducted. To study the effects of the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with manure on the yield, economic benefits, ammonia volatilization, and nitrous oxide emissions of Brassica oleracea and Brassica chinensis production; 5 treatments were used:pure fertilizer (0M), and chemical fertilizers replaced with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% organic fertilizers (25%M, 50%M, 75%M, and 100%M, respectively). The results showed that among the different treatments, the yield of B. oleracea and B. chinensis were both highest under the 25%M treatment. Compared with the 0M treatment, the yield of B. oleracea and B. chinensis significantly increased by 15.0% and 16.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). During the B. oleracea and B. chinensis seasons, compared with the 0M treatment, the 25%M treatment increased the economic benefit by 11.7% and 5.4%, respectively. However, the economic benefit was negative under the 50%M, 75%M, and 100%M treatments. Under the 25%M treatment, the cumulative ammonia volatilization emissions were 42.1 and 12.9 kg·hm-2 during the B. oleracea and B. chinensis seasons, which were 23.4% and 41.6% lower than that of the 0M treatment, respectively (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the 0M and 25%M treatments concerning the cumulative nitrous oxide emissions. Under the 25%M treatment, the cumulative nitrous oxide emissions were 0.74 and 3.06 kg·hm-2 during the B. oleracea and B. chinensis seasons, respectively. Compared with the 25%M treatment, the nitrous oxide emissions increased by 33.7%-60.8%, 50.0%-134.3%, and 56.8%-185.6% in the 50%M, 75%M, and 100%M treatments, respectively. Based on this, it is proposed that for leafy vegetable production the appropriate replacement ratio of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by manure is approximately 25%, which can achieve the greatest efficiency increase and emission reduction.
Key words:Organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer/
Efficiency increase and emission reduction/
Brassica oleracea/
Brassica chinensis/
Ammonia volatilization/
Nitrous oxide
PDF全文下载地址:
http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/article/exportPdf?id=a2b03871-547a-45ed-bda3-94caa9dc657c
