删除或更新信息,请邮件至freekaoyan#163.com(#换成@)

生物炭覆盖垄沟集雨种植对集雨垄径流、土壤水热和红豆草产量的影响

本站小编 Free考研考试/2022-01-23

摘要
摘要:为探索半干旱黄土高原区垄沟集雨种植的可持续性,寻求垄沟集雨种植红豆草的适宜生物炭覆盖类型和最佳垄宽,采用随机区组大田试验,以传统平作为对照,研究不同集雨垄覆盖材料[土壤结皮(土垄)、玉米秸秆炭土壤结皮(玉米秸秆垄)和牛粪炭土壤结皮(牛粪炭垄)]和不同垄宽(30 cm、45 cm和60 cm,沟宽均为60 cm)对径流系数、土壤水热、红豆草干草产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:土垄、玉米秸秆炭垄和牛粪炭垄的平均径流系数分别为29.7%、26.2%和25.1%。垄沟集雨种植增加根系层土壤含水量和垄上表层土壤温度,缓和沟中表层土壤温度极值,尤其生物炭覆盖垄沟集雨种植。与传统平作相比,土垄、玉米秸秆炭垄和牛粪炭垄的土壤含水量分别增加25.1mm、24.7 mm和19.4 mm,垄上表层土壤温度分别增加1.4℃、2.0℃和2.0℃。同一覆盖材料下,集雨垄径流系数、土壤贮水量和表层土壤温度均随垄宽增加而增加。与传统平作相比,土垄显著降低实际干草产量,玉米秸秆炭垄和牛粪炭垄显著增加实际干草产量,垄宽30 cm、45 cm和60 cm土垄的干草产量分别减少6.5%、12.1%和13.8%,玉米秸秆炭垄的干草产量分别增加19.7%、24.4%和22.5%,牛粪炭垄的干草产量分别增加8.0%、8.9%和6.8%。玉米秸秆炭和牛粪炭覆盖种植显著提高水分利用效率。与传统平作相比,玉米秸秆炭垄和牛粪炭垄的水分利用效率分别提高6.8~9.7 kg·hm-2·mm-1和4.4~4.8kg·hm-2·mm-1。玉米秸秆炭垄的实际干草产量和水分利用效率显著高于牛粪炭垄;同一覆盖材料下,不同垄宽对实际干草产量和水分利用效率的影响不显著。线性回归分析表明,当玉米秸秆炭垄宽49 cm(沟宽为60 cm)与牛粪炭垄宽为41 cm(沟宽为60 cm)时,红豆草的实际干草产量均达到最大值。因此,在半干旱地区,生物炭覆盖垄沟集雨种植红豆草具有较好的增产效益,尤其秸秆生物炭覆盖种植。
关键词:垄沟集雨/
红豆草/
生物炭覆盖/
土壤结皮/
径流系数/
干草产量/
水分利用效率
Abstract:Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting (RFRH) with mulch offers farmers a means to address drought, water loss, and soil erosion in arid and semiarid regions. The purpose of this study was to determine a suitable biochar type and optimum ridge width for sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.) production using the RFRH system with biochar application in the semi-arid regions in China. A field experiment with a completely random block design was conducted during the 2017 sainfoin growing season to (1) estimate runoff coefficient of the RFRH system with three ridge widths (30, 45, and 60 cm) and the same narrow width (60 cm), and mulched with three materials (soil crust, maize straw biochar-soil crust, and cow dung biochar-soil crust) and (2) assess the effects of three ridge widths and three mulching materials on soil water storage, topsoil temperature, as well as fodder yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of the RFRH system planted with sainfoin, and a traditional flat planting (FP) system was used as the control. The results showed that the predicted runoff coefficient for ridge-furrow planting with the ridges mulched with manually compacted soil crust, maize straw biochar-soil crust, and cow dung biochar-soil crust (MCS, MSB, and CMB, respectively) was 29.7%, 26.2%, and 25.1%, respectively, whereas the threshold rainfall to produce runoff was 4.2, 4.6, and 5.1 mm, respectively. The runoff coefficient of ridge, soil water storage, and soil temperature increased with increase in ridge width using the same mulching materials. The RFRH system, especially MSB and CMB treatments, increased soil water storage of the root layer and ridge topsoil (0-25 cm) temperature, and decreased the rate of change of furrow top soil (0-25 cm) temperature. Compared with that of FP, the mean soil water storage (0-200 cm) increased by 25.1, 24.7, and 19.4 mm, on an average, under MCS, MSB, and CMB throughout the sainfoin growth period, respectively; whereas the topsoil temperature increased by 1.4℃, 2.0℃, and 2.0℃, respectively, on an average. For the same mulching material, soil water storage and topsoil temperature increased with increase in ridge width. MCS significantly decreased the actual fodder yield of sainfoin, but MSB and CMB significantly increased the actual fodder yield. Compared with that under FP treatment, the actual fodder yield under MCS with 30, 45, and 60 cm ridge width decreased by 6.5%, 12.1%, and 13.8%, respectively. Whereas, the actual fodder yield under MSB with 30, 45, and 60 cm ridge width increased by 19.7%, 24.4%, and 22.5%, and that under CMB increased by 8.0%, 8.9%, and 6.8%, respectively. MSB and CMB significantly increased WUE of sainfoin. Compared with FP, MSB and CMB increased WUE by 6.8-9.7 and 4.4-4.8 kg·hm-2·mm-1, respectively. The ridge width had no significant effect on the actual fodder yield and WUE with the same mulching materials. When the ridge width (furrow width was 60 cm) was 49 cm for MSB and 41 cm for CMB, the forage yield reached the maximum. The actual fodder yield and WUE of sainfoin under MSB were significantly higher than those under CMB, which were significantly higher than those under MCS. In summary, RFRH with biochar-soil crust mulching has beneficial effects on soil water storage and yield of sainfoin in the region, especially ridges with maize straw biochar-soil crust mulching.
Key words:Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting/
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.)/
Biochar mulching/
Soil crust/
Runoff coefficient/
Fodder yield/
Water use efficiency



PDF全文下载地址:

http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/article/exportPdf?id=79df918f-956c-4148-8550-3d3689590c54
相关话题/土壤 生物 材料 干草 垄沟

  • 领限时大额优惠券,享本站正版考研考试资料!
    大额优惠券
    优惠券领取后72小时内有效,10万种最新考研考试考证类电子打印资料任你选。涵盖全国500余所院校考研专业课、200多种职业资格考试、1100多种经典教材,产品类型包含电子书、题库、全套资料以及视频,无论您是考研复习、考证刷题,还是考前冲刺等,不同类型的产品可满足您学习上的不同需求。 ...
    本站小编 Free壹佰分学习网 2022-09-19
  • 滴灌灌水均匀系数与灌水量对土壤水分分布及温室番茄产量的影响
    摘要摘要:为探索灌水均匀系数与灌水量对温室番茄产量和土壤水分变化的影响,确定合理的滴灌灌水均匀系数,本研究设置65%、75%和85%3个灌水均匀度水平,190mm、220mm和250mm3个灌水量水平,测量番茄生育期内土壤含水率及番茄产量,计算土壤含水率均匀系数和番茄灌溉水利用效率。结果表明,当灌水 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23
  • 生物炭及秸秆长期施用对紫色土坡耕地土壤团聚体有机碳的影响
    摘要摘要:依托紫色土坡耕地长期施肥试验观测平台,研究生物炭、秸秆对紫色土坡耕地团聚体有机碳分布的影响。长期施肥试验处理包括不施肥(CK)、无机氮磷钾肥(NPK)、秸秆还田(RSD)、生物炭与无机氮磷钾配施(BCNPK)、秸秆与无机氮磷钾配施(RSDNPK)。利用湿筛法,进行土壤团聚体粒径分组,随后测 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23
  • 九龙坡花椒种植区地形、土壤肥力与花椒产量的关系
    摘要摘要:为了解九龙坡花椒种植区土壤养分状况及该区地形因子、土壤肥力因子与花椒产量的关系,为科学合理制定花椒高效施肥措施提供理论依据,本研究采用田间调查研究和室内分析的方法,研究了九龙坡花椒种植区低、中、高产区的海拔、坡度及土壤pH、有机质、大量微量元素含量和交换性能的变化特征,及其与花椒产量的关系 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23
  • 华北集约化农区耕地土壤肥力时空演变特征——以河北省曲周县为例
    摘要摘要:科学准确地进行耕地土壤肥力评价以及揭示其时空演化特征,对于指导农业生产与耕地资源可持续利用具有重要意义。本文以华北集约化农区典型县域河北省曲周县为研究区,基于耕地土壤样点测试数据和耕地利用数据,综合运用模糊综合评价和地统计学方法,以耕地利用图斑为评价单元对耕地土壤肥力进行评价,并揭示耕地土 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23
  • 干旱与Cd双重胁迫对土壤-小麦-蚜虫系统Cd转移规律影响的研究
    摘要摘要:为探究干旱和重金属双重胁迫对土壤-小麦-蚜虫系统内Cd转移规律的影响,为小麦蚜虫的生态调节提供理论依据,本研究以麦长管蚜[Sitobionavenae(Fabricius)]为研究对象,用原子吸收分光光度法分别测定不同土壤Cd含量(100mg·kg-1、200mg·kg-1)及不同程度干旱 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23
  • 耕作方式对山地烟田土壤物理性状及烤烟根系空间分布的影响
    摘要摘要:为探讨不同耕作方式对山地烟田烤烟产量产值的影响,揭示山地烟田深耕深松增产增效机理,以烤烟‘K326’为研究材料,采用大田试验,设置旋耕20cm(RT20,对照)、深耕30cm(DT30)、深松30cm(ST30)和深松40cm(ST40)4个处理,研究不同耕作方式对烤烟生长发育、烟田土壤物 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23
  • 华北典型区域土壤耕作方式对土壤特性和作物产量的影响
    摘要摘要:华北平原是我国重要的小麦玉米种植区,长期土壤旋耕免耕和秸秆全量还田带来耕层变浅、犁底层变厚和上移、土壤养分表聚等现象,通过耕作方式改变,解决上述问题对维持区域粮食生产有重要意义。试验以冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统为研究对象,分别在代表华北平原高产区的栾城试验区和代表中低产区的南皮试验区进行,设置 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23
  • 生物质改良剂对川西北地区高寒草地沙化土壤有机碳特征的影响
    摘要摘要:川西北高寒草原特殊的地理环境、气候条件以及过度人为放牧导致草地沙化问题突出。为了探讨不同生物质改良剂对高寒草地沙化土壤有机碳特征的影响,采用随机区组试验设计方法,设置3种生物质改良剂[秸秆类(JG)、菌渣类(JZ)、生物炭类(SWT)],2个施用水平(6t·hm-2和18t·hm-2),以 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23
  • 地形及土壤多样性与耕地动态变化的相关分析
    摘要摘要:本文以河南豫北、豫中和豫南3个典型样区为研究对象,运用地统计学方法,从多样性、相关性角度定量分析了地形、土壤的多样性特征及其与耕地变化(2001年、2007年和2017年)面积的空间分布多样性特征的关系,以期为耕地资源动态变化的驱动力分析及合理利用提供新的研究角度。研究表明:1)豫北和豫中 ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23
  • 外源碳输入对华北平原农田和湿地土壤有机碳矿化及其温度敏感性的影响
    摘要摘要:研究外源碳输入和气候变暖对土壤有机碳矿化的影响,对于深入理解土壤有机碳的稳定和积累机制以及其对全球变化的响应具有重要意义。通过为期35d的室内培养试验,利用13C稳定同位素标记技术,研究了华北平原典型农田和湿地土壤在15℃和25℃下的土壤有机碳矿化及激发效应。结果表明,土地利用类型(农田/ ...
    本站小编 Free考研考试 2022-01-23