摘要:本文以河南豫北、豫中和豫南3个典型样区为研究对象，运用地统计学方法，从多样性、相关性角度定量分析了地形、土壤的多样性特征及其与耕地变化（2001年、2007年和2017年）面积的空间分布多样性特征的关系，以期为耕地资源动态变化的驱动力分析及合理利用提供新的研究角度。研究表明：1）豫北和豫中样区的地形构成组分多样性呈现出均匀性，豫南样区表现为相对单一性；各研究区的地形空间分布多样性为平原>丘陵>山地。2）豫南的土壤构成组分最为均匀且丰富，豫中的土壤构成组分相对单一；各研究区的典型土壤各异但总体上分布皆较均匀，各样区的土壤空间分布多样性的显著差异与地形条件密切相关。3）研究尺度影响地形、土壤空间分布多样性特征的表达，3 km×3 km网格是相对适宜的研究尺度。4）地形和土壤的空间分布多样性指数与耕地变化面积空间分布都具有明显的相关性，其中地形中平原相关性较大，达0.95左右；各样区典型土壤如豫南的水稻土，豫中、豫北的褐土以及豫北的潮土的相关性更为明显，达0.9以上。综合来看，典型样区的地形、土壤因子的构成组分多样性及空间分布格局有显著差别；在不同网格尺度下，耕地的变化面积与地形、土壤因子的空间分布多样性指数密切相关。
关键词:地形多样性/
土壤多样性/
耕地面积/
空间分布/
网格尺度
Abstract:Soil diversity research has been a major focus of the soil science research community since the start of the 21st century. In recent years, some scholars have initiated research on diversity in land resources, water bodies, topographies, and parent materials, which has broadened the field of diversity studies. The exploration of the diversity in arable land is limited. This study focuses on the use of spatial data information to explore the regional diversity and differences of various geo-elements in arable land. Three typical research areas in northern, central, and southern regions of Henan Province, respectively, were selected to calculate the dynamic change (2001, 2007, and 2017) in arable land over time based on the topographic and soil conditions at the scale of 1 km×1 km, 3 km×3 km, and 5 km×5 km grids. And the correlation index was determined using the ArcGIS and SPSS softwares in combination with the correlation analysis method. The purpose of this analysis was to provide a new research perspective on the driving force of the dynamic change in arable land resources and guide their future rational use. The results showed that, first, the diversity of topographic components in the northern and central Henan regions was similar, whereas that in the southern Henan region was relatively unvarying. The terrain's spatial distribution diversity of each study area was plain > hill > mountain. Second, the soil composition in the southern Henan region was the most homogeneous and abundant, and it was relatively uniform in central Henan. The typical soil was different in each study area, but its distribution was uniform overall. Third, an important factor influencing the diversity of terrain and soil spatial distribution is at what scale it is measured, and the 3 km×3 km grid was suggested as the most suitable research scale. Fourth, the spatial distribution diversity index of the soil and terrain containing arable land changed the area spatial distribution and had obvious relevance. Among the three regions, the plains in the topography had a high correlation of approximately 0.95. In addition, the correlation between the typical soil (such as paddy soil in southern Henan, cinnamon soil in southern and northern Henan, and fluvo-aquic soil in northern Henan) and difference in the arable land within each study area was more discernable, reaching over 0.9. Overall, the compositional diversity and spatial distribution pattern of the topography and soil factors were significantly different in the representative study areas. Using a different grid scale, the difference in the arable land area is closely related to the spatial distribution diversity index of the topography and soil factors.
Key words:Terrain diversity/
Soil diversity/
Agricultural acreage/
Spatial distribution/
Mesh scale
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