| |
| 文章导读 |
|
摘要硅光电倍增管(SiPM)由于其高增益、高时间分辨、低工作电压、磁场不敏感等优点,在高能物理、医学物理等领域具有广泛的应用前景。该文设计的系统包含前端电子学和数据采集系统两部分: 前端电子学板结合商用专用集成电路(ASIC)(VATA64)与复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD), 能够同时读出64通道的SiPM, 板上同时集成了稳定探测器增益的温度补偿电路和标定增益的发光二极管(LED)驱动电路; 数据采集系统以现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)为核心,可以同时读出8块前端电子学板,并为SiPM提供编程可控的工作电压(40~100 V)。该系统已经应用于由瑞士、德国、美国和中国合作的正负电子气球谱仪(PEBS)实验的电磁量能器原型设计,并在欧洲核子中心(CERN)束线实验取得了良好的结果。该高密度多通道SiPM电子学读出系统可以逐通道调节探测器偏压,调节精度达4 mV, 调节后各通道增益的差异可小于2%。该系统对于其他SiPM在新型粒子径迹室或量能器的应用具备借鉴意义。
|
| 关键词 ：硅光电倍增管(SiPM),读出电子学,多通道 |
Abstract：Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are widely used in both high energy physics and medical physics due to their high gain, excellent timing resolution, low operating voltage and insensitivity to magnetic fields. This paper presents a system containing a 64 channel frontend electronics package integrated with a temperature compensation circuit and a light emitting diode (LED) driver circuit for gain stabilization and calibration. The system also has a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) programmed data acquisition system which can simultaneously read 8 frontend cards and provide a programmable high voltage (40-100 V) for the SiPMs. The system has been used in the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the positron electron balloon spectrometer (PEBS), a collaboration between Switzerland, Germany, the USA and China with good results in a beam test at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN). The high-density, multi-channel SiPM readout system can adjust the detector operating voltage on each specific channel with a precision of up to 4 mV and the gain variance is less than 2% after adjustments. This system provides efficient utilization of SiPM in particle-track detectors and calorimeters.
|
| Key words：silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)readout systemmulti-channel |
| 收稿日期: 2013-02-28 出版日期: 2015-03-17 |
| [1] | LI Zhengwei, XU Yupeng, LIU Congzhan, et al.A gain control and stabilization technique for silicon photomultipliers in low-light-level applications around room temperature[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2012, 695: 222-225. |
| [2] | Balagura V, Danilov M, Dolgoshein B, et al.Study of scintillator strip with wavelength shifting fiber and silicon photomultiplier[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2006, 564: 590-596. |
| [3] | Freeman J. Silicon photomultipliers for the CMS hadron calorimeter[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2010, 617: 393-395. |
| [4] | Danilov M. Novel photo-detectors and photo-detector systems[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2009, 604: 183-189. |
| [5] | Terwort M. Concept and status of the CALICE analog hadron calorimeter engineering prototype[J]. Physics Procedia, 2012, 37: 198-204. |
| [6] | Renker D. Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes, history, properties and problems[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2006, 567: 48-56. |
| [7] | Dinu N, Bazin C, Chaumat V, et al.Temperature and bias voltage dependence of the MPPC detectors [C]// Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC), 2010. Knoxville, TN, USA: IEEE, 2010: 215-219. |
| [8] | Kvasnicka J, Polak I. LED calibration systems for CALICE hadron calorimeter[J]. Physics Procedia, 2012, 37: 402-409. |
| [9] | Doetinchem P, Gast H, Kirn T, et al.PEBS: Positron electron balloon spectrometer[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 2007, 581: 151-155. |
| [10] | IDEAS. VATA64HDR16 Specifications V2R1 [M]. [2012-12-23]. http://merlot.ijs.si/~studen/compton/electronics/ideas/ASICs/VaTa64HDR16-V2R1.pdf. |
| [11] | 李亮, 龚光华. 基于QuickUSB的数据采集系统[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统, 2011, 11(7): 37-39. LI Liang, GONG Guanghua. Data acquistion system based on QuickUSB[J]. Microcontrollers & Embedded Systems, 2011, 11(7): 37-39. (in Chinese) |
| [12] | HAMAMATSU. MPPC Selection Guide [M]. [2012-12-23]. http://jp.hamamatsu.com/products/sensor-ssd/4010/index_en.html. |
),龚光华,程建平,邵贝贝
