2.河南省郑州生态环境监测中心,郑州 450007
1.School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2.Zhengzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450007, China
针对水体硝酸盐和高氯酸盐复合污染,建立了异养和硫自养协同作用的混合营养型一体式生物反应器,采取异养投加不足量有机碳源、硫自养和异养共同承担负荷的策略,以解决异养有机物二次污染和硫自养法中副产物硫酸根过量的问题。考察了水力停留时间(HRT)和碳源投加量对高氯酸盐去除的影响。结果表明:当进水
、HRT由4 h降低到2、1和0.5 h时,反应器均能实现对硝酸盐(>96.2%)和高氯酸盐(>96.9%)的高效去除;在HRT为4 h和0.5 h时,出水硫酸根质量浓度分别为(273±10) mg·L
,表明混合营养生物反应器能够有效减少硫酸根的产生;反应器出水不可吹除有机碳(nonpurgeable organic carbon,NPOC)小于2.68 mg·L
,表明低碳源投加能够有效地避免有机物二次污染。
A combined heterotrophic and sulfur -autotrophic bioreactor was established to treat nitrate and perchlorate in water. The dosage of organic carbon source for heterotrophic was insufficient. Sulfur-autotrophic process was combined with heterotrophic process to avoid secondary pollution of organic matter and diminish excessive sulfate generation by Sulfur-autotrophic reaction. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and carbon source dosage on the treatment efficiency of perchlorate were investigated. The results shows that when the inffluent mass concentrations of nitrate and perchlorate were (20.21±0.23) mg·L
, nitrate (> 96.2%) and perchlorate (> 96.9%) can be efficiently removed when HRT was ranged from 4 h to 2 h, 1 h and 0.5 h. Under the combined heterotrophic and sulfur-autotrophic condition, the effluent mass concentrations of sulfate were (273±10) mg·L
for HRT 4 h and 0.5 h, respectively. Long HRT could lead to the occurrence of sulfur disproportionation reaction and the increase of the sulfate concentrations in effluent. When HRT was 0.5 h, the sulfate mass concentrations in effluent for combined trophic process decreased by 63 mg·L
when compared with sulfur-autotrophic process, indicates that the combined process could effectively reduce the generation of sulfate. The NPOC (nonpurgeable organic carbon) of the reactor effluent was less than 2.68 mg·L
, indicating that the addition of low carbon sources could effectively avoid secondary pollution of organic matter.
.
Diagram of the experimental bioreactor
concentrations during acclimation process
-N concentrations in influent and effluent under different operate conditions
concentration in influent and effluent and its increase amount under different operate conditions
pH and alkalinity consumption under different operate conditions
Variations of NPOC in influent and effluent under different operate conditions
[1] | LUMIA D S, LINSEY K S, BARBER N L. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2000[M]. US Department of the Interior & US Geological Survey, 2005. |
[2] | WARD M H, DEKOK T M, LEVALLOIS P, et al. Workgroup report: Drinking-water nitrate and health-recent findings and research needs[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2005, 113(11): 1607-1614. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8043 |
[3] | United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe. Europe’s Environment: The Third Assessment: Summary[M]. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003. |
[4] | LI P Y, TIAN R, XUE C Y, et al. Progress, opportunities, and key fields for groundwater quality research under the impacts of human activities in China with a special focus on western China[J]. Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2017, 24(15): 13224-13234. |
[5] | CLARK J J J. Toxicology of Perchlorate[M]. Perchlorate in the Environment. Boston, MA; Springer US, 2000: 15-29. |
[6] | HE L, YANG Q, ZHONG Y, et al. Electro-assisted autohydrogenotrophic reduction of perchlorate and microbial community in a dual-chamber biofilm-electrode reactor[J]. Chemosphere, 2021, 264: 128548. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128548 |
[7] | MOTZER W E. Perchlorate: Problems, detection, and solutions[J]. Environmental Forensics, 2001, 2(4): 301-311. doi: 10.1006/enfo.2001.0059 |
[8] | CALDERóN R, PALMA P, PARKER D, et al. Perchlorate levels in soil and waters from the Atacama desert[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 2014, 66(2): 155-161. |
[9] | 张可佳, 高乃云, 隋铭皓, 等. 饮用水中高氯酸盐污染现状与去除技术的综述[J]. 四川环境, 2008, 27(1): 91-95. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3644.2008.01.021 |
[10] | KOSAKA K, ASAMI M, MATSUOKA Y, et al. Occurrence of perchlorate in drinking water sources of metropolitan area in Japan[J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(15): 3474-3482. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.011 |
[11] | WU Q, TAO Z, SUN H, et al. Perchlorate in tap water, groundwater, surface waters, and bottled water from China and its association with other inorganic anions and with disinfection byproducts[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010, 58(3): 543-550. doi: 10.1007/s00244-010-9485-6 |
[12] | QIAN W B, KAI C A, SH A, et al. Spontaneous assembly of microbial extracellular polymeric substances into microcapsules involved in trapping and immobilizing degradation-resistant oxoanions: ScienceDirect[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020. |
[13] | EGGERS E, TERLOUW T. Biological denitrification in a fluidized bed with sand as carrier material[J]. Water Research, 1979, 13(11): 1077-1090. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(79)90072-1 |
[14] | WOLFF J. Perchlorate and the thyroid gland[J]. Pharmacological Reviews, 1998, 50(1): 89-105. |
[15] | 谢婷. 基于厌氧甲烷氧化的生物反硝化和高氯酸盐还原机制及微生物群落研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2019. |
[16] | BREYTUS A, HASSON D, SEMIAT R, et al. Removal of nitrate in semi and fully continuous-flow Donnan dialysis systems[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 250: 117249. |
[17] | 吴芳磊. 基于硫自养反硝化的深度除磷脱氮研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2015. |
[18] | LI K, GUO J B, LI H B, et al. A combined heterotrophic and sulfur-based autotrophic process to reduce high concentration perchlorate via anaerobic baffled reactors: Performance advantages of a step-feeding strategy[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019, 279: 297-306. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.111 |
[19] | 杨垒. 高效异养硝化细菌的脱氮特性及其处理高氨氮废水研究[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2016. |
[20] | SAHINKAYA E, KILIC A, CALIMLIOGLU B, et al. Simultaneous bioreduction of nitrate and chromate using sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification process[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 262(15): 234-239. |
[21] | LV P L, SHI L D, DONG Q Y, et al. How nitrate affects perchlorate reduction in a methane-based biofilm batch reactor[J]. Water Research, 2020, 171(15): 115397. |
[22] | UCAR D, COKGOR E U, SAHINKAYA E, et al. Simultaneous nitrate and perchlorate removal from groundwater by heterotrophic-autotrophic sequential system[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2017, 116: 83-90. |
[23] | WAN D J, LI Q, LIU Y D, et al. Simultaneous reduction of perchlorate and nitrate in a combined heterotrophic-sulfur-autotrophic system: Secondary pollution control, pH balance and microbial community analysis[J]. Water Research, 2019, 165(15): 115004. |
[24] | WAN D J, NIU Z H, ZHOU J, et al. Influence of electron donors on perchlorate reduction and microbial community structure[J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2018, 35(11): 1255-1262. doi: 10.1089/ees.2018.0072 |
[25] | WAN D J, LIU Y D, WANG Y Y, et al. Simultaneous bio-autotrophic reduction of perchlorate and nitrate in a sulfur packed bed reactor: Kinetics and bacterial community structure[J]. Water Research, 2017, 108: 280-292. |
[26] | ZHU Y, WU M, GAO N, et al. Impacts of nitrate and electron donor on perchlorate reduction and microbial community composition in a biologically activated carbon reactor[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 165: 134-143. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.078 |
[27] | WAN D J, LIU Y D, NIU Z H, et al. Perchlorate reduction by hydrogen autotrophic bacteria and microbial community analysis using high-throughput sequencing[J]. Biodegradation, 2016, 27(1): 47-57. doi: 10.1007/s10532-015-9754-1 |
[28] | 宋振赫. 一体式硫酸盐和亚硝酸盐同步去除工艺研究[D]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2020. |
[29] | JU X, FIELD J A, SIERRA-ALVAREZ R, et al. Chemolithotrophic perchlorate reduction linked to the oxidation of elemental sulfur[J]. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 2010, 96(6): 1073-1082. |
[30] | WAN D J, LIU Y D, WANG Y Y, et al. Sulfur disproportionation tendencies in a sulfur packed bed reactor for perchlorate bio-autotrophic reduction at different temperatures and spatial distribution of microbial communities[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 215: 40-49. |