中国石油大学(北京)化学工程与环境学院,石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室,北京102249
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
以某炼化企业污水处理厂为研究对象,对其恶臭治理设施外排气体的组成特征及其健康风险进行了分析。外排气体中的恶臭物质主要是氨、硫化氢、非甲烷总烃、芳香烃、有机含硫化合物;其中,氨、硫化氢、甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲二硫、二硫化碳和4-乙基甲苯的浓度均高于嗅阈值;甲硫醇、硫化氢的理论臭气浓度最高,是关键的致臭物质;生化设施恶臭治理单元的外排气体对污水厂整体恶臭污染的贡献度最高(77%);外排气体中,20种恶臭污染物的非致癌健康风险指数(HI
)低。
The efflux gases from three odor treatment units in a typical urban refinery wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were analyzed in this study. The composite characteristics and health risks were investigated. The dominant odor pollutants in all the three efflux gases were ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, non-methane hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and organic sulfides. The concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide and 4-ethyltoluene all exceeded the odor thresholds. Methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide had high theoretical odor concentration compared to other pollutants and were key odor-causing substances. The efflux gas from odor treatment unit of wastewater biological processes contributed to 77% of discharged odor load of the whole WWTP. The total non-carcinogenic health risk index (HI
) of the twenty odor pollutants in three efflux gases were very low.
.
某炼化企业污水处理厂恶臭治理单元分布示意图
Odor treatment units of a refinery wastewater treatment plant
Emission concentrations of odor pollutants from each treatment unit
of odor pollutants from each treatment unit
Emission concentrations and thresholds of odor pollutants from each treatment unit
[1] | 石磊. 恶臭污染测试与控制技术[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2014. |
[2] | 瞿梅. 国内炼油厂恶臭污染源及治理技术[J]. 石油化工安全环保技术, 2008, 24(4): 47-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8659.2008.04.017 |
[3] | 刘忠生, 王新, 王海波, 等. 炼油污水处理场挥发性有机物和恶臭废气处理技术[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2018, 49(5): 85-91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-2399.2018.05.019 |
[4] | 侯天明. 加工高硫原油的环保问题及治理对策[J]. 石油化工环境保护, 1997, 20(1): 44 -48. |
[5] | 张艳姝. 酸性水汽提装置恶臭气体的处理[J]. 广州化工, 2013, 41(7): 125-127. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9677.2013.07.048 |
[6] | 刘永斌, 程俊梅, 程彬彬. 催化燃烧技术在炼油污水处理厂恶臭治理中的应用[J]. 炼油技术与工程, 2011, 41(11): 54-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-106X.2011.11.015 |
[7] | 赵岩, 陆文静, 王洪涛, 等. 城市固体废物处理处置设施恶臭污染评估指标体系研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 2014, 34(7): 1804-1810. |
[8] | 李海青, 祁光霞, 刘欣艳, 等. 夏季有机生活垃圾堆肥过程恶臭排放特征及健康风险评估[J]. 环境科学研究, 2020, 33(4): 868-875. |
[9] | JIA H H, GAO S, DUAN Y S, et al. Investigation of health risk assessment and odor pollution of volatile organic compounds from industrial activities in the Yangtze River Delta region, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2021, 208: 111474. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111474 |
[10] | Indoor air quality (IAQ): Technical overview of volatile organic compounds[S]. U. S. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 2017. |
[11] | 环境保护部. 污染场地风险评估技术导则: HJ 25.3-2014[EB/OL]. [2021-02-01]. http://trhj.mee.gov.cn/gtfwhjgl/zhgl/201604/W020160424386483867026.pdf. |
[12] | 环境保护部. 污染场地风险评估技术导则(征求意见稿) [EB/OL]. [2021-02-01]. http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgth/200910/W020091009550671751947.pdf. |
[13] | CHENG Z W, SUN Z T, ZHU S J, et al. The identification and health risk assessment of odor emissions from waste landfilling and composting[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 649: 1038-1044. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.230 |
[14] | MENG J, ZHAI Z X, JING B Y, et al. Characterization and health risk assessment of exposure to odorous pollutants emitted from industrial odor sources[J]. Environmental Science. 2019, 40: 3962-3972. |
[15] | NIE E Q, ZHENG G D, MA C. Characterization of odorous pollution and health risk assessment of volatile organic compound emissions in swine facilities[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020, 223: 117233. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117233 |
[16] | 吕秀荣, 于娟, 范跃超, 等. 稠油炼制污水处理系统恶臭物质筛查[J]. 新疆石油天然气, 2016, 12(3): 92-96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2677.2016.03.022 |
[17] | FONT X, ARTOLA A, SANCHEZ A. Detection, composition and treatment of volatile organic compounds from waste treatment plants[J]. Sensors, 2011, 11(4): 4043-4059. doi: 10.3390/s110404043 |
[18] | FRECHEN F B. Odour emission inventory of German wastewater treatment plants-odour flow rates and odour emission capacity[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2004, 50(4): 139-146. doi: 10.2166/wst.2004.0244 |
[19] | WITHERSPOON J R, SIDHU A, CASTLEBERRY J, et al. Odour emission estimates and control strategies using models and sampling for East Bay Municipal Utility District’s collection sewage system and wastewater treatment plant[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2000, 41(6): 65-71. doi: 10.2166/wst.2000.0094 |
[20] | 孙晓犁. 石化污水处理厂挥发性有机物排放状况研究[J]. 环境科技, 2010, 23(S1): 72-73. |
[21] | 闫松, 尹天亚, 单广波, 等. 炼油企业污水处理厂恶臭污染分布特征及规律[J]. 环境监测管理与技术, 2010, 22(4): 61-62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2009.2010.04.018 |
[22] | 郭亚鹏. 炼化企业VOCs排放特征及处理现状研究[J]. 山东科技大学学报, 2020, 39(6): 63-68. |
[23] | GREGORY L, DAVID K, NANCY B. Odor threshold determinations of 53 odorant chemicals[J]. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1969, 19(2): 91-95. doi: 10.1080/00022470.1969.10466465 |
[24] | THOMAS M H, FRANCIS H S. Characterization of the odor properties of 101 petrochemicals using sensory methods[J]. Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1974, 24(10): 979-982. doi: 10.1080/00022470.1974.10470005 |
[25] | YAO X, MA R C, LI H J, et al. Assessment of the major odor contributors and health risks of volatile compounds in three disposal technologies for municipal solid waste[J]. Waste Management, 2019, 91: 128-138. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.009 |
[26] | 林坚, 李琳, 刘俊新, 等. 城市污水厂主要处理单元恶臭及挥发性有机物的逸散[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(5): 2329-2334. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201412148 |
[27] | 王智超, 席劲瑛, 程志强, 等. 城市污水厂不同时间尺度下恶臭排放特征[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2014, 37(2): 84-88. |
[28] | 窦红, 姜建彪, 刘翠棉, 等. 发酵类制药企业污水处理厂废气中VOCs及厂界恶臭物质特征分析[J]. 河北工业科技, 2019, 36(3): 215-220. doi: 10.7535/hbgykj.2019yx03011 |
[29] | 杜亚峰, 李军, 赵珊, 等. 污水处理厂恶臭气体分布规律及挥发性气体定量评价[J]. 净水技术, 2018, 37(7): 69-74. |
[30] | 石田立. 某汽车制造企业恶臭污染特征及来源分析[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2018. |
[31] | 孟洁, 翟增秀, 荆博宇, 等. 工业园区恶臭污染源排放特征和健康风险评估[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40(9): 3962-3972. |
[32] | 张翼攀. RTO装置在污水处理场恶臭治理中的应用[J]. 中外能源, 2019, 25(9): 91-94. |
[33] | STEPHEN W B. Comparison of a regenerative thermal oxidizer to a rotary concentrator[J]. Metal Finishing, 1999, 97(11): 30-35. doi: 10.1016/S0026-0576(00)82158-3 |
[34] | 王刚. 炼油恶臭污染治理技术在中国石化天津分公司的应用实例[J]. 化工环保, 2014, 34(9): 235-238. |
[35] | 吴悦, 曾向东, 金海花, 等. 中国石油化工废气处理技术进展[J]. 石油学报, 2000, 16(6): 79-84. |
[36] | ZHANG X Y, GAO B, CREAMER A E, et al. Adsorption of VOCs onto engineered carbon materials: A review[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 338(15): 102-123. |