2.中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京 100085
1.Center International Group Co. Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
在有机污染场地修复过程中,原位热脱附技术因具有土方不开挖、不转运、对周围环境干扰小以及污染物去除彻底等诸多优势,故其应用范围逐渐增多。但该技术也存在修复施工成本相对较高的弊端,且此弊端主要是由于采用单一热脱附技术能耗很高的原因造成的。原位热脱附技术与化学氧化、微生物降解以及蒸汽注射等手段的耦合可以很好地弥补这一不足,尤其是针对大型的复杂有机污染场地。针对目前原位热脱附技术在应用过程中存在的主要问题,在分析了国内外大量相关研究与案例的基础上,梳理了原位热脱附与化学氧化、微生物降解及其他原位热处理等技术耦合的应用情况,提出了原位热脱附耦合技术的工程应用建议。
The technology of in-situ thermal desorption (ISTD) has been gradually applied on the remediation of contaminated sites due to its special advantages of no-excavation, no-transportation, less environmental disturbance and complete organic pollutants removal. However, it has an obvious disadvantage of the relatively high cost of remediation and construction due to high energy consumption of the single thermal desorption technology. ISTD coupled with other remediation technologies like chemical oxidation, microbial degradation and steam injection could make up for this disadvantage, especially for the large and complex contaminated site. Aiming at the main problems in the application of ISTD technology, the application status of ISTD coupled with chemical oxidation, biodegradation and other thermal technologies was introduced in this review. At the same time, the engineering application and research direction of ISTD coupled with other technologies are proposed.
.
[1] | EPA. Superfund remedy report[R]. New York, 2017. |
[2] | 吴嘉茵, 方战强, 薛成杰, 等. 我国有机物污染场地土壤修复技术的专利计量分析[J]. 环境工程学报, 2019, 13(8): 2015-2024. |
[3] | 李书鹏, 焦文涛, 李鸿炫, 等. 燃气热脱附技术修复有机污染场地研究与应用进展[J]. 环境工程学报, 2019, 13(9): 2037-2048. |
[4] | 迟克宇, 李传维, 籍龙杰, 等. 原位电热脱附技术在某有机污染场地修复中的应用效果[J]. 环境工程学报, 2019, 13(9): 2049-2059. |
[5] | VIDONISH J E, ZYGOURAKIS K, MASIELLO C A, et al. Thermal treatment of hydrocarbon-impacted soils: A review of technology innovation for sustainable remediation[J]. Engineering, 2016, 2(4): 426-437. |
[6] | 张学良, 廖朋辉, 李群, 等. 复杂有机物污染地块原位热脱附修复技术的研究[J]. 土壤通报, 2018, 49(4): 993-1000. |
[7] | 陈星, 宋昕, 吕正勇, 等. PAHs污染土壤的热修复可行性[J]. 环境工程学报, 2018, 12(10): 2833-2844. |
[8] | 王锦淮. 原位热脱附技术在某有机污染场地修复中试应用[J]. 化学世界, 2018, 59(3): 182-186. |
[9] | TZOVOLOU D N, AGGELOPOULOS C A, THEODOROPOULOU M A, et al. Remediation of the unsaturated zone of NAPL-polluted low permeability soils with steam injection: An experimental study[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2011, 11(1): 72-81. doi: 10.1007/s11368-010-0268-5 |
[10] | 隋红, 李洪, 李鑫钢, 等. 有机污染土壤和地下水修复[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013. |
[11] | STROO H F, LEESON A, MARQUSEE J A, et al. Chlorinated ethene source remediation: Lessons learned[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(12): 6438-6447. |
[12] | FRIIS A K, ALBRECHTSEN H J, HERON G, et al. Anaerobic dechlorination and redox activities after full-scale electrical resistance heating (ERH) of a TCE-contaminated aquifer[J]. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 2006, 88: 219-234. doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2006.07.001 |
[13] | CALIMAN F A, ROBU B M, SMARANDA C, et al. Soil and groundwater cleanup: Benefits and limits of emerging technologies[J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2011, 13(2): 241-268. doi: 10.1007/s10098-010-0319-z |
[14] | JOHNSEN A R, LIPTHAY J R D, REICHENBERG F, et al. Biodegradation, bioaccessibility and genotoxicity of diffuse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution at a motorway site[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2006, 40(10): 3293-3298. |
[15] | XU S, WANG W, ZHU L. Enhanced microbial degradation of benzo[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 653: 1293-1300. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.444 |
[16] | AHMED I A C, JASON I G, DAVID R, et al. Low permeability zone remediation via oxidant delivered by electrokinetics and activated by electrical resistance heating: Proof of concept[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(22): 13295-13303. |
[17] | KHAITAN S, KALAINESAN S, ERICKSON L E, et al. Remediation of sites contaminated by oil refinery operations[J]. Environmental Progress, 2006, 25(1): 20-31. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1547-5921 |
[18] | LI Y, LIAO X, HULING S G, et al. The combined effects of surfactant solubilization and chemical oxidation on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 647: 1106-1112. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.420 |
[19] | NILSSON B, JECZALIK T M, KASELA T, et al. Combining steam injection with hydraulic fracturing for the in-situ remediation of the unsaturated zone of a fractured soil polluted by jet fuel[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92(3): 695-707. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.004 |
[20] | ROLAND U, BUCHENHORST D, HOLZER F, et al. Engineering aspects of radio-wave heating for soil remediation and compatibility with biodegradation[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42: 1232-1237. |
[21] | 中华人民共和国生态环境部. 污染场地修复技术目录: 第一批[S]. 北京, 2014. |
[22] | GERSBERG R M, CARROQUINO M J, FISCHER D E, et al. In situ bioremediation of monoaromatic pollutants in groundwater: A review[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(13): 5296-5308. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.025 |
[23] | LEVAKOV I, RONEN Z, DAHAN O. Combined in-situ bioremediation treatment for perchlorate pollution in the vadose zone and groundwater[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 369: 439-447. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.014 |
[24] | 刘希涛. 活化过硫酸盐在环境污染控制中的应用[M]. 北京: 中国环境出版集团,2018. |
[25] | KREMBS F J, SIEGRIST R L, CRIMI M L, et al. ISCO for groundwater remediation: Analysis of field applications and performance[J]. Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation, 2010, 30(4): 42-53. doi: 10.1111/gwmr.2010.30.issue-4 |
[26] | MORILLO E, VILLAVERDE J. Advanced technologies for the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 586: 576-597. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.020 |
[27] | MUNDLE1 K, REYNOLDS D A, WEST M R, et al. Concentration rebound following in situ chemical oxidation in fractured clay[J]. Groundwater, 2007, 45(6): 692-702. doi: 10.1111/gwat.2007.45.issue-6 |
[28] | HULING S G, ROSS R R, PRESTBO K M. In situ chemical oxidation: Permanganate oxidant volume design considerations[J]. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, 2017, 37(2): 78-86. |
[29] | BRUSSEAU M L, CARROLL K C, ALLEN T, et al. Impact of in situ chemical oxidation on contaminant mass discharge: Linking source-zone and plume-scale characterizations of remediation performance[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45: 5352-5358. |
[30] | LIU Y, WANG S, WU Y, et al. Degradation of ibuprofen by thermally activated persulfate in soil systems[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 356: 799-810. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.09.002 |
[31] | PARDO F, SANTOS A, ROMERO A. Fate of iron and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the remediation of a contaminated soil using iron-activated persulfate: A column study[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 566: 480-488. |
[32] | 庄国泰. 土壤修复技术方法与应用: 第一辑[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2011. |
[33] | TENG Y, CHEN W. Soil microbiomes: A promising strategy for contaminated soil remediation[J]. Pedosphere, 2019, 29(3): 283-297. doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(18)60061-X |
[34] | HARMSEN J, RIETRA J J. 25 years monitoring of PAHs and petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation in soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 207: 229-238. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.043 |
[35] | XU X, LIU W, WANG W, et al. Potential biodegradation of phenanthrene by isolated halotolerant bacterial strains from petroleum oil polluted soil in Yellow River Delta[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 664: 1030-1038. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.080 |
[36] | GAO S, LIANG J, TENG T, et al. Petroleum contamination evaluation and bacterial community distribution in a historic oilfield located in loess plateau in China[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2019, 136: 30-42. doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2018.12.012 |
[37] | TRINE L S D, DAVIS E L, ROPER C, et al. Formation of PAH derivatives and increased developmental toxicity during steam enhanced extraction remediation of creosote contaminated superfund soil[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, 53(8): 4460-4469. |
[38] | ZHAO C, DONG Y, FENG Y, et al. Thermal desorption for remediation of contaminated soil: A review[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 221: 841-855. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.079 |
[39] | TSITONAKI A, PETRI B, CRIMI M, et al. In situ chemical oxidation of contaminated soil and groundwater using PS: A review[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2010, 40: 55-91. doi: 10.1080/10643380802039303 |
[40] | BESHA A T, BEKELE D N, NAIDU R, et al. Recent advances in surfactant-enhanced in-situ chemical oxidation for the remediation of non-aqueous phase liquid contaminated soils and aquifers[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2018, 9: 303-322. |
[41] | PERELO L W. Review: In situ and bioremediation of organic pollutants in aquatic sediments[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 177(1/2/3): 81-89. |
[42] | 朱长银. 过硫酸盐体系还原性自由基对氯代污染物的降解机制研究[D]. 南京: 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 2018. |
[43] | 龙安华, 雷洋, 张晖. 活化过硫酸盐原位化学氧化修复有机污染土壤和地下水[J]. 化学进展, 2014, 26(5): 898-908. |
[44] | HORI H, NAGAOKA Y, MURAYAMA M, et al. Efficient decomposition of perfluorocarboxylic acids and alternative fluorochemical surfactants in hot water[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42: 7438-7443. |
[45] | EBERLE D, BALL R, THOMAS B, et al. Boving impact of ISCO treatment on PFAA co-contaminants at a former fire training area[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51: 5127-5136. |
[46] | SONG Y, FANG G, ZHU C, et al. Zero-valent iron activated persulfate remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soils: An in situ pilot-scale study[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 355: 65-75. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.08.126 |
[47] | 吴昊, 孙丽娜, 李玉双, 等. 活化过硫酸钠去除长期污染土壤中的TPH[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(9): 5231-5237. doi: 10.12030/j.cjee.201504043 |
[48] | CHEN L W, HUA X, CAI T, et al. Degradation of triclosan in soils by thermally activated persulfate under conditions representative of in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO)[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 369: 344-352. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.084 |
[49] | WALDEMER R H, TRATNYEK P G, JOHNSON R L, et al. Oxidation of chlorinated ethenes by heat-activated persulfate: Kinetics and products[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2007, 41: 1010-1015. |
[50] | WANG J, WANG S. Activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and application for the degradation of emerging contaminants[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 334: 1502-1507. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2017.11.059 |
[51] | DEVI P, DAS U, DALAI A K. In-situ chemical oxidation: Principle and applications of peroxide and PS treatments in wastewater systems[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 571: 643-657. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.032 |
[52] | ZRINYI N, PHAM A L. Oxidation of benzoic acid by heat-activated PS: Effect of temperature on transformation pathway and product distribution[J]. Water Research, 2017, 120: 43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.066 |
[53] | JOHNSON R L, TRATNYEK P G, JOHNSON R O. PS persistence under thermal activation conditions[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2008, 42: 9350-9356. |
[54] | ZENELI A, KASTANAKI E, SIMANTIRAKI F, et al. Monitoring the biodegradation of TPH and PAHs in refinery solid waste by biostimulation and bioaugmentation[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2019, 7(3): 2213-3437. |
[55] | LI W, OROZCO R, CAMARGOS N, et al. Mechanisms on the impacts of alkalinity, pH, and chloride on persulfate-based groundwater remediation[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51: 3948-3959. |
[56] | ZHOU Z, LIU X, SUN K, et al. Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for organic-contaminated soil remediation: A review[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 372(15): 836-851. |
[57] | WANG Z, DENG D, YANG L. Degradation of dimethyl phthalate in solutions and soil slurries by persulfate at ambient temperature[J]. Journal of Hazardous Material, 2014, 271: 202-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.027 |
[58] | Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC). Design: In situ thermal remediation[S]. Florida, USA: Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency, 2006. |
[59] | PENG L, DENG D, GUAN M, et al. Remediation HCHs POPs-contaminated soil by activated persulfate technologies: Feasibility, impact of activation methods and mechanistic implications[J]. Separation & Purification Technology, 2015, 150: 215-222. |
[60] | PARK S, LEE L S, MEDINA V F, et al. Heat-activated persulfate oxidation of PFOA, 6∶2 fluorotelomer sulfonate, and PFOS under conditions suitable for in-situ groundwater remediation[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 145: 376-383. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.097 |
[61] | LEE Y C, LO S L, KUO J, et al. Persulfate oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid under the temperatures of 20~40 ℃[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012, 198-199: 27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.073 |
[62] | YUKSELEN-AKSOY Y, KHODADOUST A P, REDDY K R. Destruction of PCB 44 in spiked subsurface soils using activated persulfate oxidation[J]. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 2010, 209(1/2/3/4): 419-427. |
[63] | COSTANZA J, MARCET J, CáPIRO N L, et al. Tetrachloroethene release and degradation during combined ERH and sodium persulfate oxidation[J]. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, 2017, 37(4): 43-50. |
[64] | WALDEMER R H, TRATNYEK P G, JOHNSON R L, et al. Oxidation of chlorinated ethenes by heat-activated persulfate: Kinetics and products[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2007, 41(3): 1010-1015. |
[65] | HORVATH A, GETZEN F W, MACZYNSKA Z. Halogenated ethanes and ethenes with water[J]. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 1999, 28: 395-627. doi: 10.1063/1.556039 |
[66] | SHE H Y, SLEEP B. The effect of temperature on capillary pressure-saturation relationships for air-water and perchloroethylene-water systems[J]. Water Resources Research, 1998, 34: 2587-2597. doi: 10.1029/98WR01199 |
[67] | USMAN M, CHAUDHARY A, BIACHE C, et al. Effect of thermal pre-treatment on the availability of PAHs for successive chemical oxidation in contaminated soils[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016, 23(2): 1371-1380. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-5369-7 |
[68] | RICHARDSON R E, JAMES C A, BHUPATHIRAJU V K, et al. Microbial activity in soils following steam treatment[J]. Biodegradation, 2002, 13(4): 285-295. doi: 10.1023/A:1021257026932 |
[69] | TOM P. Heat-enhanced bioremediation and destruction[R]. Washington, 2019. |
[70] | MARCET T F, CAPIRO N L, YANG Y, et al. Impacts of low-temperature thermal treatment on microbial detoxification of tetrachloroethene under continuous flow conditions[J]. Water Research, 2018, 145: 21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.076 |
[71] | HUESEMANN M H, HAUSMANN T S, TIMOTHY F, et al. Evidence of thermophilic biodegradation for PAHs and diesel in soil[C]//Battelle Memorial Institute. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds. Monterey, California, USA, 2002: 1921-1928. |
[72] | 曾静, 郭建军, 邱小忠, 等. 极端嗜热微生物及其高温适应机制的研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2015, 31(9): 30-37. |
[73] | HERON G, CARROLL S, NIELSEN S G. Full-scale removal of DNAPL constituents using steam-enhanced extraction and electrical resistance[J]. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, 2010, 25(4): 92-107. |
[74] | SMITH C D M. White paper on thermal remediation technologies for treatment of chlorinated solvents[R]. California: Santa Susana Field Laboratory Simi Valley, 2018. |
[75] | TERRA T. In-situ thermal desorption (ISTD) combined with steam enhanced extraction (SEE) at an active manufacturing facility in Florida[R]. Massachusetts, 2013. |