摘要:青海云杉是我国沙区通过种子育苗引种成功的物种。通过对不同储藏时间青海云杉和沙地云杉种子生活力测定、种子萌发对温度、光照、水盐胁迫以及幼苗生长对水盐胁迫和沙埋的响应实验，比较两种种子萌发和幼苗生长对环境因子适应性，为沙地云杉在我国沙区广泛引种提供参考。结果表明：1）在2年的储藏过程中，沙地云杉和青海云杉种子生活力分别由79%和72%下降了19%和5%；2）沙地云杉和青海云杉种子适宜萌发温度分别为15-30℃和10-30℃，最适萌发温度分别为25℃（72%）和25/15℃（69%），除10℃和10/30℃外，两种种子萌发率在各温度下没有显著差异；3）沙地云杉种子萌发光照条件为14 h光照/8 h黑暗交替（67%），青海云杉为24 h光照（61%）或24 h黑暗（61%）；4）水势在-2.7-0 MPa时，2种云杉的IGR（初始萌发率）、RGR（恢复萌发率）、ISL（初始幼苗长度）和RSL（恢复幼苗长度）均没有显著差异；5）NaCl浓度在200 mmol/L和250 mmol/L，青海云杉种子IGR显著大于沙地云杉，NaCl浓度在0-450 mmol/L，青海云杉和沙地云杉种子RGR没有显著差异，当NaCl浓度为50 mmol/L和100 mmol/L，青海云杉ISL显著大于沙地云杉；6）在0.5-2.0 cm沙埋深度时，青海云杉出苗率显著高于沙地云杉，沙地云杉最适沙埋深度0.5 cm，青海云杉为0.5-1.5 cm。因此，青海云杉种子萌发和幼苗生长比沙地云杉有更强的环境适应性，但只要采取合理的播种时间、播种深度和水分管理等措施，沙地云杉会和青海云杉一样在我国沙区大面积引种育苗。



Abstract:Picea crassifolia is a species that has been successfully and widely introduced by raising seedlings in the desert areas of North China. This study was conducted to compare the adaptations between P. crassifolia and P. mongolica in seed germination to temperature, light conditions, water, and salt stress and seedling growth to water and salt stress and sand burial. Moreover, seed viability was also tested by TTC and compared in two plant species after being stored for two years in their habitats. The results showed that:(1)The seed viability of P. mongolica and P. crassifolia decreased from 79% and 72% to 19% and 5%, respectively, during the course of seed storage for two years in their habitats. (2) The temperatures for germination in P. mongolica and P. crassifolia were 15-30℃ and 10-30℃, respectively, and the optimal temperatures were 25℃ (72%) and 25/15℃ (69%), respectively. Instead of 10℃ and 10/30℃, there were no significant differences between the germination rate of the two species in other temperatures. (3) The optimal light conditions for germination were 14 h light/8 h dark(67%)in P. mongolica, whereas they were 24 h light or 24 h dark in P. crassifolia. (4) There were no significant differences in IGR (Initial Germination Rate), RGR (Recovery Germination Rate), ISL (Initial Seedling Length), and RSL (Recovery Seedling Length) between P. mongolica and P. crassifolia at a water potential from -2.7 MPa to 0 MPa. (5) When the concentration of NaCl was 220 mmol/L and 250 mmol/L, the IGR of P. crassifolia was higher than that of P. mongolica, whereas the RGR was not significantly different at NaCl concentrations from 0 to 450 mmol/L. The ISL of P. crassifolia was significantly higher than that of P. mongolica at the NaCl concentration of 50 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L. (6) Seedling emergence in P. crassifolia was significantly higher than that of P. mongolica at sand burial depths from 0 to 2.0 cm. The optimal sand burial depth was 0.5 cm in P. mongolica and 0.5-1.5 cm in P. crassifolia. Therefore, P. crassifolia has stronger adaptations than P. mongolica in seed germination and seedling growth. If the effective measures (sowing time, sowing depth, and moisture management, etc.) in the course of raising seedlings are taken, then P. mongolica will be introduced widespread and raised from seedlings in the desert areas of North China.





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