庞成芳2,
赵斌3,4,,
1. 陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院, 西安 710001;
2. 丹麦科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 丹麦灵比2800;
3. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085;
4. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100864
作者简介: 张盼红(1990-),女,工程师,研究方向为纳米生态毒理学和环境影响评价,E-mail:panhongzhang2015@yeah.net.
通讯作者: 赵斌,binzhao@rcees.ac.cn
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFA0901103，2017YFC1600301）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（21836004，21525730）中图分类号: X171.5
Review on the Ecotoxicity of Manufactured Nanomaterials to the Benthic Invertebrates
Zhang Panhong1,Pang Chengfang2,
Zhao Bin3,4,,
1. Shaanxi Province Institute of Water Resources and Electric Power Investigation and Design, Xi'an 710001, China;
2. Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark;
3. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center and Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
Corresponding author: Zhao Bin,binzhao@rcees.ac.cn
CLC number: X171.5
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摘要:随着纳米技术的飞速发展，纳米材料被广泛应用于各个领域，在纳米材料生产运输、使用以及使用后的废弃过程中，纳米材料不可避免地会被释放到环境中。一旦纳米材料进入到水体，它们会经过一系列的迁移转化最终沉降在底泥中，并可能会对底栖动物产生潜在毒性效应。笔者重点总结和归纳了不同类型的常见人工纳米材料对底栖动物的毒性效应与其暴露环境和纳米材料自身物理化学特性的关系，发现在不同的毒性评价指标包括筑穴行为、生存率、发育繁殖、摄食率以及生物累积效应中，生物累积是底栖动物对纳米材料反应最为灵敏的评价指标。同时，底栖动物对纳米材料的生物累积不仅与纳米颗粒的大小和聚集程度有关，而且也与生物体内的消化微环境和和消化过程（pH、消化速率、同化效率和肠道的停留时间）相关。在归纳总结基础上，提出了完善纳米水生生物毒性效应研究的建议。
关键词: 人工纳米材料/
底栖动物/
生态毒性
Abstract:With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials (NMs) have been widely used in many industrial applications. During the life cycle of nanomaterial products, NMs can be released into the aquatic environment and may become toxic to benthic invertebrates. However, the complex relationships among nanomaterial physico-chemical properties, the environmental conditions, and the ecotoxicology induced by NMs in benthic invertebrates have not been studied in detail. Our review of literatures on NMs impact on benthic invertebrates found that the bioaccumulation is a more sensitive indicator to evaluate the stress as compared to burrowing behavior, mortality, reproduction and filtering ability. The bioaccumulation of NMs in the benthic invertebrates is not only correlated with the size and aggregation of NMs but also relevant to the microenvironment and digestion processes in the gut of benthic invertebrates. Our findings provide practical insights into ecotoxicology of manufactured nanomaterials in the aquatic environment.
Key words:manufactured nanomaterials/
benthic invertebrates/
ecotoxicity.
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