王锦1,
曹夏1,
张容端1,
刘雅雯1,
许东东2,3
1. 宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院, 陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室, 宝鸡 721013;
2. 中国科学院地球环境研究所, 中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室, 西安 710061;
3. 西安地球环境创新研究院, 西安 710061
作者简介: 周变红(1976-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为大气环境化学及环境健康风险评估,E-mail:bhz620@163.com.
通讯作者: 周变红,bhz620@163.com ;
基金项目: 大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目（DQGG-05-36）；陕西省自然科学基础研究项目（2019JQ4041）；中国科学院气溶胶化学物理重点实验室项目（KLACP1903）；陕西省科技厅项目（2018ZDCXL-SF-02-04）；宝鸡市科技局项目（2018-JH-16）；宝鸡文理学院重点项目（ZK2017038，ZK2018049）；宝鸡文理学院研究生创新科研项目（YJSCX20YB30）中图分类号: X171.5
Characteristics and Health Risk Assessments of Elements in PM2.5 during Winter in Baoji City
Zhou Bianhong1,2,,,Wang Jin1,
Cao Xia1,
Zhang Rongduan1,
Liu Yawen1,
Xu Dongdong2,3
1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, College of Geography & Environment, Baoji University of Arts & Sciences, Baoji 721013, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China;
3. Xi'an Earth Environment Innovation Research Institute, Xi'an 710061, China
Corresponding author: Zhou Bianhong,bhz620@163.com ;
CLC number: X171.5
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摘要:为了研究宝鸡市冬季PM2.5颗粒物中元素的污染特征、来源及其健康风险，于2018年11月15日至2019年1月31日进行PM2.5样品采集，并利用能量色散X射线荧光分析仪（ED-XRF）对Ca、K、Fe、Al、Na、Mg、Zn、Ti、Mn、Pb、Cu、Ba、Cr、V、Sc、Ni、Se和Co等18种元素进行检测。结果表明，宝鸡市冬季PM2.5平均质量浓度为95.5 μg·m-3，陈仓区环境保护局、宝鸡文理学院和监测站平均质量浓度分别为107.0、86.5和93.0 μg·m-3，均超过国家二级标准。运用富集因子法和聚类分析法探究各元素来源，富集因子显示Zn和Pb的富集因子>100，主要来自人为源；Ca、Fe、Na、Mg、Mn、Ba、V和Sc的富集因子<10，主要来源于自然源；Cu富集因子介于10~100，受人为源和自然源共同作用；聚类分析显示K主要来自于生物质燃烧；Al、Fe和Ca主要来自于扬尘源；Zn、Pb、Mn、Cu、Ti、Cr、Ni和Co主要来自于燃煤源、交通源和工业源。利用美国环境保护局的健康风险评价模型对元素进行健康风险评估，结果表明，致癌及非致癌风险在不同群体中均表现为儿童 > 成年男性 > 成年女性；Pb、V、Ba、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cr、Co和Cu的非致癌风险均<1，对人体非致癌风险较小；Cr的致癌风险在儿童群体中介于10-6~10-4之间，对儿童健康有潜在致癌风险。
关键词: PM2.5/
元素/
健康风险/
富集因子/
聚类分析
Abstract:To study the pollution characteristics, sources of element and their health risk levels of elements in winter atmospheric particulate matter in Baoji City, PM2.5 samples were collected from 2018-11-15 to 2019-01-31, and the concentrations of 18 elements including Ca, K, Fe, Al, Na, Mg, Zn, Ti, Mn, Pb, Cu, Ba, Cr, V, Sc, Ni, Se and Co were detected using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analyzer (ED-XRF). The results showed that the averaged mass concentration of PM2.5 in winter in Baoji City was 95.5 μg·m-3. The averaged PM2.5 levels in Environmental Protection Agency of Chencang District, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, and Monitoring Station were 107.0, 86.5 and 93.0 μg·m-3 respectively, which all exceed the national secondary standard. The enrichment factors (EFs) method and cluster analysis method were used to explore element sources. EFs results showed that Zn and Pb were mainly from anthropogenic sources, while Ca, Fe, Na, Mg, Mn, Ba, V and Sc were mainly from natural sources. The EFCu ranged from 10 to 100, suggesting that Cu was impacted by both human and natural sources. Cluster analysis showed that K was mainly from biomass burning, Al, Fe and Ca were mainly from dust sources, and Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Ti, Cr, Ni and Co were mainly from coal combustion, traffic and industrial sources. The health risk assessment of elements using the US National Environmental Protection Agency’s health risk evaluation model showed that both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were present as children > adult males > adult females. The non-carcinogenic risks of Pb, V, Ba, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Cr and Cu were all less than 1, indicating low non-carcinogenic risks to human being. The carcinogenic risk of Cr in children is between 10-6~10-4, which has potential carcinogenic risk to children’s health.
Key words:PM2.5/
element/
health risks/
enrichment factor/
cluster analysis.
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