), 付雅, 王斌 中国人民大学心理学系、国家民委民族语言文化心理重点研究基地、教育部民族教育发展中心民族心理与教育重点研究基地, 北京 100872
收稿日期:2019-07-16出版日期:2020-04-25发布日期:2020-02-25通讯作者:张积家E-mail:Zhangjj1955@163.com基金资助:* 国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“亲属词认知研究”(项目批准号：19FYYA002);北京市社会科学基金项目“亲属词空间隐喻表征的效应与机制研究”(16YYB024);国家民委民族问题研究重点项目“少数民族学生双语学习认知规律研究”(2017-GMA- 004)Gender culture influence on spatial and weight metaphors of kinship words: Evidence from Bai, Yi, and Mosuo nationalities
ZHANG Jijia(), FU Ya, WANG Bin Key Research Center for National Psychology and Education, the National Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100872, China
Received:2019-07-16Online:2020-04-25Published:2020-02-25Contact:ZHANG Jijia E-mail:Zhangjj1955@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 采用空间隐喻和重量隐喻的研究范式, 考察彝族人、白族人和摩梭人在亲属词性别概念加工中的空间隐喻和重量隐喻。实验1考察亲属词性别概念加工的上下隐喻。结果表明, 彝族人对“上男下女”词对的反应比对“上女下男”词对快; 白族人在判断长辈亲属词时, 对“上男下女”词对的反应比对“上女下男”词对快; 摩梭人对“上男下女”词对的反应比对“上女下男”词对慢。实验2采用性别概念启动重量概念, 发现亲属词性别概念加工存在着轻重隐喻一致性效应, 性别亲属词对促进对天平倾斜方向的判断。对彝族人而言, 男性亲属词激活了“重”概念, 女性亲属词激活了“轻”概念; 对摩梭人而言, 女性亲属词激活了“重”概念, 男性亲属词激活了“轻”概念; 白族人未表现出亲属词性别对轻重概念激活的差异。实验3采用重量概念启动性别概念。结果显示, 对彝族人而言, “重”概念启动了“男”概念, “轻”概念启动了“女”概念; 对摩梭人而言, “重”概念启动了“女”概念, “轻”概念启动了“男”概念; 对白族人而言, 未发现轻重概念对性别概念启动的显著差异。整个研究表明, 性别文化影响亲属词性别概念加工中的空间隐喻和重量隐喻, 证明了隐喻的文化性。
图/表 6
图1实验1流程图
图1实验1流程图表1三个民族被试对亲属词对判断的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)
| 民族 | 亲属词对辈分 | 呈现位置 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 上男下女 | 上女下男 | ||||
| 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | ||
| 彝族 | 长辈 | 1030 (269) | 1.20 (3.50) | 1044 (270) | 1.20 (3.50) |
| 平辈 | 1146 (348) | 1.23 (3.15) | 1176 (321) | 0.98 (2.86) | |
| 晚辈 | 1103 (246) | 1.89 (3.97) | 1204 (358) | 2.16 (4.17) | |
| 白族 | 长辈 | 1066 (258) | 1.08 (3.33) | 1149 (265) | 0.72 (2.77) |
| 平辈 | 1068 (212) | 0.88 (2.73) | 1143 (248) | 1.47 (3.40) | |
| 晚辈 | 1237 (444) | 0.97 (3.00) | 1149 (244) | 1.61 (3.74) | |
| 摩梭 | 长辈 | 1053 (267) | 0.93 (3.11) | 1002 (207) | 1.54 (3.90) |
| 平辈 | 1136 (301) | 1.77 (4.25) | 1100 (253) | 1.77 (4.25) | |
| 晚辈 | 1099 (259) | 1.94 (4.01) | 1066 (232) | 1.94 (4.01) | |
表1三个民族被试对亲属词对判断的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)
| 民族 | 亲属词对辈分 | 呈现位置 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 上男下女 | 上女下男 | ||||
| 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | ||
| 彝族 | 长辈 | 1030 (269) | 1.20 (3.50) | 1044 (270) | 1.20 (3.50) |
| 平辈 | 1146 (348) | 1.23 (3.15) | 1176 (321) | 0.98 (2.86) | |
| 晚辈 | 1103 (246) | 1.89 (3.97) | 1204 (358) | 2.16 (4.17) | |
| 白族 | 长辈 | 1066 (258) | 1.08 (3.33) | 1149 (265) | 0.72 (2.77) |
| 平辈 | 1068 (212) | 0.88 (2.73) | 1143 (248) | 1.47 (3.40) | |
| 晚辈 | 1237 (444) | 0.97 (3.00) | 1149 (244) | 1.61 (3.74) | |
| 摩梭 | 长辈 | 1053 (267) | 0.93 (3.11) | 1002 (207) | 1.54 (3.90) |
| 平辈 | 1136 (301) | 1.77 (4.25) | 1100 (253) | 1.77 (4.25) | |
| 晚辈 | 1099 (259) | 1.94 (4.01) | 1066 (232) | 1.94 (4.01) | |
图2实验2流程图
图2实验2流程图表2三个民族被试对天平倾斜方向判断的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)
| 民族 | 亲属词 辈分 | 启动词对位置 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 左男右女 | 左女右男 | ||||||||
| 天平左重右轻 | 天平左轻右重 | 天平左重右轻 | 天平左轻右重 | ||||||
| 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | ||
| 彝族 | 长辈 | 538 (115) | 0.28 (1.76) | 587 (224) | 1.11 (3.38) | 542 (125) | 1.11 (3.38) | 530 (99) | 0.83 (2.96) |
| 平辈 | 535 (112) | 0.91 (2.76) | 533 (125) | 1.14 (3.04) | 557 (190) | 1.59 (4.06) | 521 (95) | 0.68 (2.42) | |
| 晚辈 | 523 (83) | 0.25 (1.58) | 537 (93) | 0.25 (1.58) | 552 (140) | 0.25 (1.58) | 529 (101) | 0.25 (1.58) | |
| 白族 | 长辈 | 565 (151) | 1.01 (3.24) | 555 (121) | 0.34 (1.93) | 560 (137) | 0.67 (2.69) | 565 (136) | 1.01 (3.24) |
| 平辈 | 571 (164) | 0.28 (1.58) | 561 (140) | 0.55 (2.20) | 593 (174) | 0.55 (2.20) | 551 (127) | 0.28 (1.58) | |
| 晚辈 | 559 (157) | 0.91 (2.92) | 568 (128) | 0.91 (3.84) | 571 (177) | 0.30 (1.74) | 563 (158) | 0.30 (1.74) | |
| 摩梭人 | 长辈 | 586 (99) | 1.31 (3.63) | 562 (88) | 0.33 (1.91) | 569 (101) | 0.65 (2.65) | 595 (108) | 0.65 (2.65) |
| 平辈 | 579 (129) | 0.53 (2.17) | 565 (112) | 1.07 (3.72) | 573 (97) | 0.80 (2.62) | 606 (93) | 0.53 (2.17) | |
| 晚辈 | 580 (116) | 1.18 (4.09) | 547 (94) | 0.29 (1.71) | 581 (105) | 0.29 (1.71) | 569 (100) | 1.18 (3.27) | |
表2三个民族被试对天平倾斜方向判断的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)
| 民族 | 亲属词 辈分 | 启动词对位置 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 左男右女 | 左女右男 | ||||||||
| 天平左重右轻 | 天平左轻右重 | 天平左重右轻 | 天平左轻右重 | ||||||
| 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | ||
| 彝族 | 长辈 | 538 (115) | 0.28 (1.76) | 587 (224) | 1.11 (3.38) | 542 (125) | 1.11 (3.38) | 530 (99) | 0.83 (2.96) |
| 平辈 | 535 (112) | 0.91 (2.76) | 533 (125) | 1.14 (3.04) | 557 (190) | 1.59 (4.06) | 521 (95) | 0.68 (2.42) | |
| 晚辈 | 523 (83) | 0.25 (1.58) | 537 (93) | 0.25 (1.58) | 552 (140) | 0.25 (1.58) | 529 (101) | 0.25 (1.58) | |
| 白族 | 长辈 | 565 (151) | 1.01 (3.24) | 555 (121) | 0.34 (1.93) | 560 (137) | 0.67 (2.69) | 565 (136) | 1.01 (3.24) |
| 平辈 | 571 (164) | 0.28 (1.58) | 561 (140) | 0.55 (2.20) | 593 (174) | 0.55 (2.20) | 551 (127) | 0.28 (1.58) | |
| 晚辈 | 559 (157) | 0.91 (2.92) | 568 (128) | 0.91 (3.84) | 571 (177) | 0.30 (1.74) | 563 (158) | 0.30 (1.74) | |
| 摩梭人 | 长辈 | 586 (99) | 1.31 (3.63) | 562 (88) | 0.33 (1.91) | 569 (101) | 0.65 (2.65) | 595 (108) | 0.65 (2.65) |
| 平辈 | 579 (129) | 0.53 (2.17) | 565 (112) | 1.07 (3.72) | 573 (97) | 0.80 (2.62) | 606 (93) | 0.53 (2.17) | |
| 晚辈 | 580 (116) | 1.18 (4.09) | 547 (94) | 0.29 (1.71) | 581 (105) | 0.29 (1.71) | 569 (100) | 1.18 (3.27) | |
图3实验3流程图
图3实验3流程图表3三个民族的被试对亲属词对性别判断的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)
| 民族 | 亲属词 对辈分 | 词对呈现位置 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天平左轻右重 | 天平左重右轻 | ||||||||
| 左男右女 | 左女右男 | 左男右女 | 左女右男 | ||||||
| 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | ||
| 彝族 | 长辈 | 974 (288) | 3.44 (7.15) | 922 (159) | 1.85 (5.44) | 886 (176) | 1.85 (5.44) | 935 (210) | 2.65 (6.40) |
| 平辈 | 1018 (269) | 2.38 (4.52) | 971 (196) | 2.16 (4.84) | 990 (177) | 2.60(4.62) | 1012 (202) | 1.73 (4.13) | |
| 晚辈 | 1159 (239) | 2.40 (4.31) | 1162 (280) | 3.60 (6.56) | 1155 (191) | 2.60(4.97) | 1174 (257) | 2.40 (4.31) | |
| 白族 | 长辈 | 921 (195) | 1.63 (4.84) | 975 (211) | 1.64 (5.56) | 949 (160) | 3.92(7.68) | 964 (203) | 3.27 (6.99) |
| 平辈 | 1042 (214) | 2.94 (4.32) | 1024 (234) | 2.67 (4.20) | 1005 (217) | 2.41(4.65) | 1033 (267) | 1.07 (3.72) | |
| 晚辈 | 1146 (222) | 2.10 (5.38) | 1185 (280) | 2.40 (6.54) | 1179 (235) | 2.10(4.79) | 1160 (243) | 3.20 (5.89) | |
| 摩梭人 | 长辈 | 1127 (217) | 2.78 (5.64) | 1140 (205) | 3.82 (6.68) | 1144 (175) | 4.51(8.40) | 1112 (159) | 3.13 (5.81) |
| 平辈 | 1149 (204) | 5.40 (6.05) | 1184 (243) | 5.11 (5.63) | 1156 (177) | 3.98(6.08) | 1222 (246) | 3.41 (5.54) | |
| 晚辈 | 1364 (352) | 2.80 (5.81) | 1387 (357) | 5.00 (8.03) | 1415 (363) | 4.70(8.79) | 1332 (314) | 4.10 (6.65) | |
表3三个民族的被试对亲属词对性别判断的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)
| 民族 | 亲属词 对辈分 | 词对呈现位置 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天平左轻右重 | 天平左重右轻 | ||||||||
| 左男右女 | 左女右男 | 左男右女 | 左女右男 | ||||||
| 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | ||
| 彝族 | 长辈 | 974 (288) | 3.44 (7.15) | 922 (159) | 1.85 (5.44) | 886 (176) | 1.85 (5.44) | 935 (210) | 2.65 (6.40) |
| 平辈 | 1018 (269) | 2.38 (4.52) | 971 (196) | 2.16 (4.84) | 990 (177) | 2.60(4.62) | 1012 (202) | 1.73 (4.13) | |
| 晚辈 | 1159 (239) | 2.40 (4.31) | 1162 (280) | 3.60 (6.56) | 1155 (191) | 2.60(4.97) | 1174 (257) | 2.40 (4.31) | |
| 白族 | 长辈 | 921 (195) | 1.63 (4.84) | 975 (211) | 1.64 (5.56) | 949 (160) | 3.92(7.68) | 964 (203) | 3.27 (6.99) |
| 平辈 | 1042 (214) | 2.94 (4.32) | 1024 (234) | 2.67 (4.20) | 1005 (217) | 2.41(4.65) | 1033 (267) | 1.07 (3.72) | |
| 晚辈 | 1146 (222) | 2.10 (5.38) | 1185 (280) | 2.40 (6.54) | 1179 (235) | 2.10(4.79) | 1160 (243) | 3.20 (5.89) | |
| 摩梭人 | 长辈 | 1127 (217) | 2.78 (5.64) | 1140 (205) | 3.82 (6.68) | 1144 (175) | 4.51(8.40) | 1112 (159) | 3.13 (5.81) |
| 平辈 | 1149 (204) | 5.40 (6.05) | 1184 (243) | 5.11 (5.63) | 1156 (177) | 3.98(6.08) | 1222 (246) | 3.41 (5.54) | |
| 晚辈 | 1364 (352) | 2.80 (5.81) | 1387 (357) | 5.00 (8.03) | 1415 (363) | 4.70(8.79) | 1332 (314) | 4.10 (6.65) | |
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