), 黄彬彬1, 刘畅2 1 北京师范大学心理学部, 应用实验心理北京市重点实验室, 心理学国家级实验教学示范中心(北京师范大学), 北京, 100875
2 北京教育学院学前教育学院, 北京100120
收稿日期:2018-06-26出版日期:2019-07-25发布日期:2019-05-22通讯作者:伍新春E-mail:xcwu@bnu.edu.cn基金资助:* 2015年度国家社会科学基金重大项目(15ZDB139)Maternal gatekeeping behavior, mother involvement and mother-adolescent attachment, and differences in their developmental stages
ZOU Shengqi1, WU Xinchun1(), HUANG Binbin1, LIU Chang2 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2 Preschool Academy, Beijing Institute of Education, Beijing 100120, China
Received:2018-06-26Online:2019-07-25Published:2019-05-22Contact:WU Xinchun E-mail:xcwu@bnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 基于家庭系统理论与依恋理论提出了一个母亲守门行为通过母亲教养投入预测母子依恋的间接效应模型, 同时考察了这一模型在青少年发展阶段上的差异。采用问卷法对597个核心家庭的母亲和青少年进行调查, 结果发现：(1)总体上, 母亲开门行为对母亲教养投入和母子依恋均具有正向预测作用, 母亲教养投入对母子依恋具有正向预测作用, 间接效应模型成立; 母亲关门行为对母亲教养投入的预测作用不显著, 对母子依恋具有负向预测作用, 间接效应模型不成立; (2)从发展阶段来看, 母亲开门行为的间接效应模型在三个发展阶段均成立, 且间接效应大小无差异; 母亲关门行为的间接效应模型只在早期和后期成立, 且两发展阶段的作用性质相反, 早期为正向预测作用, 后期为负向预测作用。结果补充和扩展了母亲守门行为的作用效果研究, 并且强调了青少年发展阶段在其中的作用, 对家庭教育实践具有一定的指导意义。
图/表 5
图1母亲守门行为影响母亲教养投入、母子依恋的间接效应模型
图1母亲守门行为影响母亲教养投入、母子依恋的间接效应模型表1母亲守门行为、母亲教养投入及母子依恋的相关和描述性统计
| 组别 | 变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | M ± SD | 组别 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 全样本 | 1.年龄 | — | -0.07 | 0.04 | -0.08 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | -0.07 | 0.03 | 11.20 ± 0.43 | 早期 |
| 2.性别 | 0.04 | — | 0.12* | 0.18** | 0.14* | -0.06 | -0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | — | ||
| 3.独生 | 0.12** | 0.12** | — | -0.19** | -0.18** | 0.00 | -0.02 | -0.11? | -0.17** | — | ||
| 4. SSS_省市 | -0.25*** | 0.06 | -0.12** | — | 0.47 | 0.15* | -0.07 | 0.13* | 0.08 | 6.59 ± 1.55 | ||
| 5. SSS_学校 | -0.17** | -0.04 | -0.12** | 0.47*** | — | 0.08 | -0.01 | 0.11? | 0.09 | 7.01 ± 1.73 | ||
| 6. MGOB | -0.08 | -0.04 | -0.03 | 0.12** | 0.05 | — | -0.28*** | 0.49*** | 0.06 | 3.70 ± 1.11 | ||
| 7. MGCB | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0.03 | -0.14*** | -0.04 | -0.28*** | — | -0.03 | -0.09 | 1.06 ± 0.79 | ||
| 8. MI | -0.20*** | 0.01 | -0.16*** | 0.15*** | 0.07? | 0.48*** | -0.15*** | — | 0.19** | 2.87 ± 0.51 | ||
| 9. MA | -0.15*** | 0.07? | -0.10* | 0.18*** | 0.10* | 0.13** | -0.15*** | 0.29*** | — | 4.09 ± 0.59 | ||
| M | 13.56 | — | — | 6.21 | 6.84 | 3.62 | 1.12 | 2.77 | 3.94 | — | ||
| SD | 2.54 | — | — | 1.53 | 1.65 | 1.11 | 0.84 | 0.52 | 0.62 | — | ||
| 中期 | 1.年龄 | — | -0.19* | 0.17* | 0.04 | -0.01 | -0.05 | 0.03 | -0.05 | 0.01 | 17.28 ± 0.57 | 后期 |
| 2.性别 | -0.08 | — | 0.12 | -0.01 | -0.10 | 0.001 | -0.05 | 0.03 | -0.02 | — | ||
| 3.独生 | 0.12 | 0.11 | — | -0.08 | -0.09 | -0.06 | 0.07 | -0.18* | -0.11 | — | ||
| 4. SSS_省市 | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.08 | — | 0.47*** | 0.20* | -0.30*** | 0.16? | 0.14 | 5.67 ± 1.41 | ||
| 5. SSS_学校 | -0.01 | -0.29*** | 0.02 | 0.38**** | — | 0.07 | -0.15? | 0.08 | 0.04 | 6.41 ± 1.48 | ||
| 6. MGOB | 0.19* | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.06 | -0.10 | — | -0.25** | 0.43*** | 0.34*** | 3.45 ± 1.14 | ||
| 7. MGCB | -0.17* | 0.06 | 0.05 | -0.09 | 0.01 | -0.30*** | — | -0.28** | -0.36*** | 1.22 ± 0.86 | ||
| 8. MI | 0.01 | 0.06 | -0.19* | 0.00 | -0.14? | 0.49*** | -0.18* | — | 0.45*** | 2.61 ± 0.57 | ||
| 9. MA | -0.02 | -0.28*** | 0.06 | 0.26** | 0.07 | 0.03 | -0.06 | 0.24** | — | 3.89 ± 0.56 | ||
| M | 14.24 | — | — | 6.04 | 6.76 | 3.62 | 1.12 | 2.74 | 3.74 | — | ||
| SD | 0.48 | — | — | 1.41 | 1.56 | 1.07 | 0.91 | 0.46 | 0.66 | — |
表1母亲守门行为、母亲教养投入及母子依恋的相关和描述性统计
| 组别 | 变量 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | M ± SD | 组别 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 全样本 | 1.年龄 | — | -0.07 | 0.04 | -0.08 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | -0.07 | 0.03 | 11.20 ± 0.43 | 早期 |
| 2.性别 | 0.04 | — | 0.12* | 0.18** | 0.14* | -0.06 | -0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | — | ||
| 3.独生 | 0.12** | 0.12** | — | -0.19** | -0.18** | 0.00 | -0.02 | -0.11? | -0.17** | — | ||
| 4. SSS_省市 | -0.25*** | 0.06 | -0.12** | — | 0.47 | 0.15* | -0.07 | 0.13* | 0.08 | 6.59 ± 1.55 | ||
| 5. SSS_学校 | -0.17** | -0.04 | -0.12** | 0.47*** | — | 0.08 | -0.01 | 0.11? | 0.09 | 7.01 ± 1.73 | ||
| 6. MGOB | -0.08 | -0.04 | -0.03 | 0.12** | 0.05 | — | -0.28*** | 0.49*** | 0.06 | 3.70 ± 1.11 | ||
| 7. MGCB | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0.03 | -0.14*** | -0.04 | -0.28*** | — | -0.03 | -0.09 | 1.06 ± 0.79 | ||
| 8. MI | -0.20*** | 0.01 | -0.16*** | 0.15*** | 0.07? | 0.48*** | -0.15*** | — | 0.19** | 2.87 ± 0.51 | ||
| 9. MA | -0.15*** | 0.07? | -0.10* | 0.18*** | 0.10* | 0.13** | -0.15*** | 0.29*** | — | 4.09 ± 0.59 | ||
| M | 13.56 | — | — | 6.21 | 6.84 | 3.62 | 1.12 | 2.77 | 3.94 | — | ||
| SD | 2.54 | — | — | 1.53 | 1.65 | 1.11 | 0.84 | 0.52 | 0.62 | — | ||
| 中期 | 1.年龄 | — | -0.19* | 0.17* | 0.04 | -0.01 | -0.05 | 0.03 | -0.05 | 0.01 | 17.28 ± 0.57 | 后期 |
| 2.性别 | -0.08 | — | 0.12 | -0.01 | -0.10 | 0.001 | -0.05 | 0.03 | -0.02 | — | ||
| 3.独生 | 0.12 | 0.11 | — | -0.08 | -0.09 | -0.06 | 0.07 | -0.18* | -0.11 | — | ||
| 4. SSS_省市 | -0.02 | -0.03 | 0.08 | — | 0.47*** | 0.20* | -0.30*** | 0.16? | 0.14 | 5.67 ± 1.41 | ||
| 5. SSS_学校 | -0.01 | -0.29*** | 0.02 | 0.38**** | — | 0.07 | -0.15? | 0.08 | 0.04 | 6.41 ± 1.48 | ||
| 6. MGOB | 0.19* | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.06 | -0.10 | — | -0.25** | 0.43*** | 0.34*** | 3.45 ± 1.14 | ||
| 7. MGCB | -0.17* | 0.06 | 0.05 | -0.09 | 0.01 | -0.30*** | — | -0.28** | -0.36*** | 1.22 ± 0.86 | ||
| 8. MI | 0.01 | 0.06 | -0.19* | 0.00 | -0.14? | 0.49*** | -0.18* | — | 0.45*** | 2.61 ± 0.57 | ||
| 9. MA | -0.02 | -0.28*** | 0.06 | 0.26** | 0.07 | 0.03 | -0.06 | 0.24** | — | 3.89 ± 0.56 | ||
| M | 14.24 | — | — | 6.04 | 6.76 | 3.62 | 1.12 | 2.74 | 3.74 | — | ||
| SD | 0.48 | — | — | 1.41 | 1.56 | 1.07 | 0.91 | 0.46 | 0.66 | — |
图2母亲守门行为、母亲教养投入及母子依恋的关系模型
图2母亲守门行为、母亲教养投入及母子依恋的关系模型表2青少年早期、中期和后期间接效应模型的拟合指标
| 发展阶段 | χ2/df | RMSEA | RMSEA 90% CI | CFI | TLI | SRMR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 青少年早期 | 1.84 | 0.05 | 0.03~0.08 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.02 |
| 青少年中期 | 1.05 | 0.02 | 0.00~0.06 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 |
| 青少年后期 | 1.62 | 0.06 | 0.03~0.09 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.03 |
| 限制模型(模型1) | 2.54 | 0.09 | 0.08~0.10 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.10 |
| 自由估计模型(模型2) | 1.56 | 0.05 | 0.04~0.07 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.04 |
表2青少年早期、中期和后期间接效应模型的拟合指标
| 发展阶段 | χ2/df | RMSEA | RMSEA 90% CI | CFI | TLI | SRMR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 青少年早期 | 1.84 | 0.05 | 0.03~0.08 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.02 |
| 青少年中期 | 1.05 | 0.02 | 0.00~0.06 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.03 |
| 青少年后期 | 1.62 | 0.06 | 0.03~0.09 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.03 |
| 限制模型(模型1) | 2.54 | 0.09 | 0.08~0.10 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.10 |
| 自由估计模型(模型2) | 1.56 | 0.05 | 0.04~0.07 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.04 |
表3各中介路径的95%置信区间、效应量及统计检验力
| 发展 阶段 | 母亲开门行为→母亲教养投入→母子依恋 | 母亲关门行为→母亲教养投入→母子依恋 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | 95%CI | 效应量 | 检验力 | B (SE) | 95%CI | 效应量 | 检验力 | |
| 全样本 | 0.07 (0.02) | [0.03, 0.10] | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.00 (0.01) | [-0.02, 0.01] | -0.01 | 0.06 |
| 早期 | 0.05 (0.03) | [0.00, 0.10] | 0.09 | 0.68 | 0.01 (0.01) | [0.00, 0.05] | 0.02 | 0.37 |
| 中期 | 0.08 (0.03) | [0.02, 0.16] | 0.14 | 0.92 | 0.01 (0.02) | [-0.03, 0.04] | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| 后期 | 0.07 (0.03) | [0.03, 0.12] | 0.16 | 1.00 | -0.05 (0.03) | [-0.11, -0.01] | -0.08 | 0.64 |
表3各中介路径的95%置信区间、效应量及统计检验力
| 发展 阶段 | 母亲开门行为→母亲教养投入→母子依恋 | 母亲关门行为→母亲教养投入→母子依恋 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | 95%CI | 效应量 | 检验力 | B (SE) | 95%CI | 效应量 | 检验力 | |
| 全样本 | 0.07 (0.02) | [0.03, 0.10] | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.00 (0.01) | [-0.02, 0.01] | -0.01 | 0.06 |
| 早期 | 0.05 (0.03) | [0.00, 0.10] | 0.09 | 0.68 | 0.01 (0.01) | [0.00, 0.05] | 0.02 | 0.37 |
| 中期 | 0.08 (0.03) | [0.02, 0.16] | 0.14 | 0.92 | 0.01 (0.02) | [-0.03, 0.04] | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| 后期 | 0.07 (0.03) | [0.03, 0.12] | 0.16 | 1.00 | -0.05 (0.03) | [-0.11, -0.01] | -0.08 | 0.64 |
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