) 南京大学心理学系, 南京 210023
收稿日期:2018-04-04出版日期:2019-06-25发布日期:2019-04-25通讯作者:周仁来E-mail:rlzhou@nju.edu.cn基金资助:* 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(14370303);江苏省哲学与社会科学重点基地重大项目(2015JDXM001);南京大学双创基地重点项目资助(SCJD0406)HRV evidence for the improvement of emotion regulation in university students with depression tendency by working memory training
PENG Wanqing, LUO Wei, ZHOU Renlai() Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
Received:2018-04-04Online:2019-06-25Published:2019-04-25Contact:ZHOU Renlai E-mail:rlzhou@nju.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 根据流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI-II-C)的得分情况招募健康被试20例, 抑郁倾向被试40例, 以自愿参加的分组方式将抑郁倾向被试分为工作记忆刷新训练组和对照组, 每组20例。对训练组进行为期20天的工作记忆刷新训练, 对照组不做处理。记录各组被试在前后测的刷新功能以及在情绪调节任务中量表的得分情况, 并收集各组被试在5种实验条件下的心率变异性(HRV)的频域指标值, 结果发现：前测时抑郁倾向个体的HF-HRV显著低于健康个体的平均水平。经过工作记忆训练, 后测的抑郁倾向训练组在情绪调节任务中的HF-HRV水平有显著的提高, 贴近健康对照组的水平, 并与抑郁倾向对照组分离。研究表明, 工作记忆刷新训练能够使抑郁倾向大学生的HRV活动更接近健康被试的HRV活动, 表明抑郁倾向大学生的情绪调节能力得到了改善。
图/表 9
表1研究对象分组情况
| 组别 | 性别(男/女) | 年龄(岁) | CES-D得分 | BDI-Ⅱ-C得分 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 健康对照组 | 6/14 | 19.95 ± 1.60 | 11.55 ± 5.07 | 3.90 ± 3.86 |
| 抑郁倾向训练组 | 4/16 | 20.40 ± 1.31 | 28.85 ± 5.47 | 20.57 ± 5.33 |
| 抑郁倾向对照组 | 3/17 | 19.75 ± 1.65 | 30.70 ± 5.82 | 21.50 ± 6.33 |
表1研究对象分组情况
| 组别 | 性别(男/女) | 年龄(岁) | CES-D得分 | BDI-Ⅱ-C得分 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 健康对照组 | 6/14 | 19.95 ± 1.60 | 11.55 ± 5.07 | 3.90 ± 3.86 |
| 抑郁倾向训练组 | 4/16 | 20.40 ± 1.31 | 28.85 ± 5.47 | 20.57 ± 5.33 |
| 抑郁倾向对照组 | 3/17 | 19.75 ± 1.65 | 30.70 ± 5.82 | 21.50 ± 6.33 |
图1实验流程图
图1实验流程图表22-back和3-back任务反应时和正确率
| 刷新功能 | 抑郁倾向训练组 | 抑郁倾向对照组 | 健康对照组 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-back正确率(%) | |||
| 前测 | 77.82 ± 15.95 | 78.69 ± 15.70 | 74.85 ± 14.90 |
| 后测 | 84.13 ± 9.06 | 89.56 ± 7.90 | 84.70 ± 9.38 |
| 提高 | 6.30 ± 14.13 | 10.86 ± 14.82 | 9.85 ± 14.37 |
| 2-back反应时(ms) | |||
| 前测 | 1036.29 ± 204.40 | 1049.52 ± 182.21 | 1121.83 ± 206.04 |
| 后测 | 980.61 ± 207.58 | 935.94 ± 182.18 | 978.98 ± 169.21 |
| 提高 | -55.68 ± 221.96 | -113.58 ± 194.04 | -142.84 ± 138.54 |
| 3-back正确率(%) | |||
| 前测 | 62.04 ± 11.82 | 66.59 ± 14.47 | 64.70 ± 14.06 |
| 后测 | 75.90 ± 12.94 | 75.45 ± 13.46 | 72.70 ± 12.63 |
| 提高 | 13.86 ± 16.25 | 8.86 ± 17.60 | 8.00 ± 15.18 |
| 3-back反应时(ms) | |||
| 前测 | 1095.30 ± 247.68 | 1086.36 ± 189.90 | 1084.86 ± 199.58 |
| 后测 | 1021.73 ± 241.30 | 984.06 ± 201.24 | 1015.10 ± 163.16 |
| 提高 | -73.57 ± 224.06 | -102.30 ± 204.90 | -69.76 ± 173.54 |
表22-back和3-back任务反应时和正确率
| 刷新功能 | 抑郁倾向训练组 | 抑郁倾向对照组 | 健康对照组 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-back正确率(%) | |||
| 前测 | 77.82 ± 15.95 | 78.69 ± 15.70 | 74.85 ± 14.90 |
| 后测 | 84.13 ± 9.06 | 89.56 ± 7.90 | 84.70 ± 9.38 |
| 提高 | 6.30 ± 14.13 | 10.86 ± 14.82 | 9.85 ± 14.37 |
| 2-back反应时(ms) | |||
| 前测 | 1036.29 ± 204.40 | 1049.52 ± 182.21 | 1121.83 ± 206.04 |
| 后测 | 980.61 ± 207.58 | 935.94 ± 182.18 | 978.98 ± 169.21 |
| 提高 | -55.68 ± 221.96 | -113.58 ± 194.04 | -142.84 ± 138.54 |
| 3-back正确率(%) | |||
| 前测 | 62.04 ± 11.82 | 66.59 ± 14.47 | 64.70 ± 14.06 |
| 后测 | 75.90 ± 12.94 | 75.45 ± 13.46 | 72.70 ± 12.63 |
| 提高 | 13.86 ± 16.25 | 8.86 ± 17.60 | 8.00 ± 15.18 |
| 3-back反应时(ms) | |||
| 前测 | 1095.30 ± 247.68 | 1086.36 ± 189.90 | 1084.86 ± 199.58 |
| 后测 | 1021.73 ± 241.30 | 984.06 ± 201.24 | 1015.10 ± 163.16 |
| 提高 | -73.57 ± 224.06 | -102.30 ± 204.90 | -69.76 ± 173.54 |
表3情绪任务中被试对视频的主观评分结果
| 条件 | 抑郁倾向训练组 | 抑郁倾向对照组 | 健康对照组 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 中性状态 | |||
| 前测 | 5.02 ± 0.41 | 4.75 ± 0.57 | 4.65 ± 0.54 |
| 后测 | 4.95 ± 0.74 | 4.67 ± 0.37 | 4.90 ± 0.38 |
| 投入状态 | |||
| 前测 | 7.30 ± 1.09 | 7.40 ± 1.03 | 7.12 ± 0.88 |
| 后测 | 7.30 ± 1.11 | 7.07 ± 0.86 | 7.42 ± 0.87 |
| 调节状态 | |||
| 前测 | 6.02 ± 1.16 | 6.57 ± 0.92 | 6.40 ± 0.66 |
| 后测 | 6.07 ± 0.90 | 6.52 ± 0.89 | 6.30 ± 1.14 |
表3情绪任务中被试对视频的主观评分结果
| 条件 | 抑郁倾向训练组 | 抑郁倾向对照组 | 健康对照组 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 中性状态 | |||
| 前测 | 5.02 ± 0.41 | 4.75 ± 0.57 | 4.65 ± 0.54 |
| 后测 | 4.95 ± 0.74 | 4.67 ± 0.37 | 4.90 ± 0.38 |
| 投入状态 | |||
| 前测 | 7.30 ± 1.09 | 7.40 ± 1.03 | 7.12 ± 0.88 |
| 后测 | 7.30 ± 1.11 | 7.07 ± 0.86 | 7.42 ± 0.87 |
| 调节状态 | |||
| 前测 | 6.02 ± 1.16 | 6.57 ± 0.92 | 6.40 ± 0.66 |
| 后测 | 6.07 ± 0.90 | 6.52 ± 0.89 | 6.30 ± 1.14 |
表4情绪调节量表前后测结果
| 量表维度 | 抑郁倾向训练组 | 抑郁倾向对照组 | 健康对照组 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 表达抑制 | |||
| 前测 | 29.10 ± 8.16 | 29.95 ± 6.11 | 28.10 ± 6.39 |
| 后测 | 27.10 ± 6.92 | 29.80 ± 7.59 | 29.15 ± 5.59 |
| 认知重评 | |||
| 前测 | 33.65 ± 6.20 | 31.15 ± 6.31 | 36.20 ± 3.75 |
| 后测 | 33.80 ± 6.47 | 32.20 ± 8.59 | 37.05 ± 4.51 |
| 总分 | |||
| 前测 | 62.75 ± 12.21 | 61.10 ± 8.47 | 64.30 ± 7.75 |
| 后测 | 60.90 ± 10.18 | 62.00 ± 13.16 | 66.20 ± 7.42 |
表4情绪调节量表前后测结果
| 量表维度 | 抑郁倾向训练组 | 抑郁倾向对照组 | 健康对照组 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 表达抑制 | |||
| 前测 | 29.10 ± 8.16 | 29.95 ± 6.11 | 28.10 ± 6.39 |
| 后测 | 27.10 ± 6.92 | 29.80 ± 7.59 | 29.15 ± 5.59 |
| 认知重评 | |||
| 前测 | 33.65 ± 6.20 | 31.15 ± 6.31 | 36.20 ± 3.75 |
| 后测 | 33.80 ± 6.47 | 32.20 ± 8.59 | 37.05 ± 4.51 |
| 总分 | |||
| 前测 | 62.75 ± 12.21 | 61.10 ± 8.47 | 64.30 ± 7.75 |
| 后测 | 60.90 ± 10.18 | 62.00 ± 13.16 | 66.20 ± 7.42 |
图2情绪调节量表认知重评子量表得分条形图
图2情绪调节量表认知重评子量表得分条形图
图3三组被试在前后测的情绪调节任务中5个条件下的平均HF-HRV值 注：误差线为标准误(SE)。其中上图是三组在前测的HF-HRV值, 差异检验表明, 两个抑郁倾向组之间没有差异, 但他们都与健康组差异显著(p = 0.001, p = 0.002)。下图是三组后测的HF-HRV结果, 抑郁倾向训练组与抑郁倾向对照组差异边缘显著(p = 0.052), 与健康对照组差异不显著。
图3三组被试在前后测的情绪调节任务中5个条件下的平均HF-HRV值 注：误差线为标准误(SE)。其中上图是三组在前测的HF-HRV值, 差异检验表明, 两个抑郁倾向组之间没有差异, 但他们都与健康组差异显著(p = 0.001, p = 0.002)。下图是三组后测的HF-HRV结果, 抑郁倾向训练组与抑郁倾向对照组差异边缘显著(p = 0.052), 与健康对照组差异不显著。
图4三组被试在前后测的情绪调节任务中5个条件下的平均LF/HF-HRV值 注：误差线为标准误(SE), * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01。其中上图是三组在前测的LF/HF-HRV值, 差异检验表明, 在静息条件下, 健康对照组的LF/HF-HRV的平均水平显著高于抑郁倾向训练组(p = 0.001)和抑郁倾向对照组(p = 0.043)。下图是三组后测的LF/HF-HRV结果, 抑郁倾向训练组的LF/HF-HRV显著低于抑郁倾向对照组(p = 0.007)。
图4三组被试在前后测的情绪调节任务中5个条件下的平均LF/HF-HRV值 注：误差线为标准误(SE), * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01。其中上图是三组在前测的LF/HF-HRV值, 差异检验表明, 在静息条件下, 健康对照组的LF/HF-HRV的平均水平显著高于抑郁倾向训练组(p = 0.001)和抑郁倾向对照组(p = 0.043)。下图是三组后测的LF/HF-HRV结果, 抑郁倾向训练组的LF/HF-HRV显著低于抑郁倾向对照组(p = 0.007)。
图5三组在前后测的投入与调节状态下LF/HF-HRV净改变量条形图 注：误差线为标准误(SE)。
图5三组在前后测的投入与调节状态下LF/HF-HRV净改变量条形图 注：误差线为标准误(SE)。参考文献 50
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