厌恶与恐惧面孔的记忆编码、保持、提取

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张丹丹, 蔺义芹, 柳昀哲, 罗跃嘉, 蒋冬红^*

深圳市情绪与社会认知科学重点实验室(深圳大学), 深圳 518060

收稿日期:2018-01-13出版日期:2019-01-25发布日期:2018-11-26
通讯作者:蒋冬红

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金(31571120);国家基础研究计划(973项目)(2014CB744600);深圳市基础研究自由探索项目资助(JCYJ20170302143246158)

Memory encoding, retention and retrieval of disgusting and fearful faces

ZHANG Dandan, LIN Yiqin, LIU Yunzhe, LUO Yuejia, JIANG Donghong^*

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Received:2018-01-13Online:2019-01-25Published:2018-11-26
Contact:JIANG Donghong

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 情绪记忆增强效应在负性情绪记忆研究中被反复证实。尽管厌恶和恐惧同属负性情绪, 提示威胁的存在, 但由于它们的进化意义和生理功能不同, 可能导致它们对记忆的编码、保持、提取三个阶段不同的调节方向或调节强度。本文采用延迟再认任务, 采用事件相关电位考察健康成年被试对唤醒度和效价相当的恐惧和厌恶面孔的记忆编码、保持和提取。结果显示, 1)在记忆编码的早期, 被试主要加强了对恐惧面孔的注意(P1)和结构编码(N170), 而厌恶信息的加工受到了抑制; 2)从记忆编码晚期到记忆保持的整个阶段, 被试对厌恶信息的精细评估(编码阶段P3)和复述保持(保持阶段的负走向慢波)均强于恐惧信息; 3)相比于恐惧面孔, 厌恶面孔可能在工作记忆系统形成了更强的表征, 从而使被试在记忆提取时可回忆起更多的细节, 对记忆提取的信心更足(提取阶段P3)。这后两条发现是导致行为层面上厌恶情绪记忆优于恐惧情绪记忆的原因。本研究为“厌恶比恐惧具有更强的记忆增强效应”提供了高时间分辨率的脑活动层面的证据, 从而进一步揭示了负性情绪增强记忆的认知机制。

图/表 5

图1实验材料呈现示意图

图2各实验条件下的行为结果。A, 反应时(RT)。B, 辨别力指数(d')。C, 反应偏向(c)。注：彩图见电子版, 下同

图3记忆编码阶段的ERP波形图。A, 枕区P1成分, 波形为O1, O2, PO3, PO4电极点数据的均值。B, 颞枕区N170成分, 波形为PO7, PO8, P7, P8电极点数据的均值。C, 顶区P3成分, 波形为P1, Pz, P2, CP1, CPz, CP2电极点数据的均值。

图4记忆保持阶段的ERP波形图。本图显示额区负慢波(NSW), 波形为F1, Fz, F2, FC1, FCz, FC2电极点数据的均值。

图5记忆提取阶段的ERP波形图。A, 枕区P1成分, 波形为O1, O2, PO3, PO4电极点数据的均值。B, 颞枕区N170成分, 波形为PO7, PO8, P7, P8电极点数据的均值。C, 顶区P3成分, 波形为P1, Pz, P2, CP1, CPz, CP2电极点数据的均值。

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