不同睡眠时间参数对学前儿童执行功能的差异化影响

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邢淑芬¹(

), 李倩倩¹, 高鑫¹, 马园园¹, 傅锐²

1 首都师范大学心理学院, 北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室, 北京 100048
2 美国费城儿童医院, 费城 19146

收稿日期:2018-03-19出版日期:2018-11-25发布日期:2018-09-25
通讯作者:邢淑芬E-mail:xsf2986@163.com

基金资助:* 国家社会科学一般项目(17BSH144)和教育部人文社会科学研究项目资助(16YJC190023)

Differential influence of sleep time parameters on preschoolers’ executive function

XING Shufen¹(

), LI Qianqian¹, GAO Xin¹, MA Yuanyuan¹, FU Rui²

1 College of Psychology, Capital Normal University; Beijing Key Laboratory of “Learning & Cognition”, Beijing 100048, China
2 Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19146, USA

Received:2018-03-19Online:2018-11-25Published:2018-09-25
Contact:XING Shufen E-mail:xsf2986@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究选取78名5~7岁的学前儿童为研究对象, 采用睡眠日志法测量了儿童的夜间睡眠比、总睡眠时长和周末补偿睡眠三个睡眠时间的指标, 同时采用母亲报告法收集儿童的消极情绪性, 3个月后采用美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)的一套标准化测量程序评估儿童的执行功能, 探讨三个睡眠时间参数对不同消极情绪性学前儿童执行功能的差异化影响。结果发现, 在控制了儿童的同时性语言能力之后, 夜间睡眠比能够显著预测儿童三个月之后的执行功能; 儿童的消极情绪性与周末补偿睡眠对执行功能的三个子成分存在显著的交互作用。当周末补偿睡眠较少时, 高消极情绪性儿童的执行功能显著低于低消极情绪性儿童; 当周末补偿睡眠较多时, 高消极情绪性儿童的执行功能显著高于低消极情绪性儿童, 该结果符合差别易感性模型。

图/表 9

图1Flanker任务示例图

图2DCCS测试示例图

图3工作记忆排列测试示例图

图3工作记忆排列测试示例图

表1各变量的描述性统计与相关分析(N = 78)

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1 年龄	1
2 母亲受教育程度	0.04	1
3 父亲受教育程度	0.01	0.64^**	1
4 家庭月收入	0.09	0.26^*	0.24^*	1
5 语言发展得分	0.23^*	0.16	0.25^*	0.19	1
6 总睡眠时长	0.02	0.05	0.16	0.16	0.20	1
7 夜间睡眠比	0.03	-0.22	-0.03	-0.09	0.02	-0.32^**	1
8 周末补偿睡眠	0.10	0.05	0.13	-0.11	0.08	-0.16	0.18	1
9 消极情绪性	-0.05	0.10	0.26^*	0.07	0.17	0.13	-0.02	0.22	1
10 抑制控制	-0.04	-0.08	0.05	-0.01	0.15	-0.02	0.43^**	0.21^#	0.05	1
11 认知灵活性	-0.02	-0.06	0.02	-0.04	0.31^**	0.03	0.32^**	0.21^#	0.03	0.54^**	1
12 工作记忆	-0.00	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.25^*	0.02	0.31^**	0.21^#	0.09	0.63^**	0.40^**	1
M	6.31	5.87	6.07	5.38	144.59	10.23	0.90	0.31	4.15	7.40	6.63	422.78
SD	0.35	0.90	0.80	1.12	33.99	0.56	0.03	0.47	0.74	0.66	0.83	37.24

表1各变量的描述性统计与相关分析(N = 78)

变量	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1 年龄	1
2 母亲受教育程度	0.04	1
3 父亲受教育程度	0.01	0.64^**	1
4 家庭月收入	0.09	0.26^*	0.24^*	1
5 语言发展得分	0.23^*	0.16	0.25^*	0.19	1
6 总睡眠时长	0.02	0.05	0.16	0.16	0.20	1
7 夜间睡眠比	0.03	-0.22	-0.03	-0.09	0.02	-0.32^**	1
8 周末补偿睡眠	0.10	0.05	0.13	-0.11	0.08	-0.16	0.18	1
9 消极情绪性	-0.05	0.10	0.26^*	0.07	0.17	0.13	-0.02	0.22	1
10 抑制控制	-0.04	-0.08	0.05	-0.01	0.15	-0.02	0.43^**	0.21^#	0.05	1
11 认知灵活性	-0.02	-0.06	0.02	-0.04	0.31^**	0.03	0.32^**	0.21^#	0.03	0.54^**	1
12 工作记忆	-0.00	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.25^*	0.02	0.31^**	0.21^#	0.09	0.63^**	0.40^**	1
M	6.31	5.87	6.07	5.38	144.59	10.23	0.90	0.31	4.15	7.40	6.63	422.78
SD	0.35	0.90	0.80	1.12	33.99	0.56	0.03	0.47	0.74	0.66	0.83	37.24

表2学前儿童消极情绪性与睡眠时间各参数变量对执行功能的分层回归分析(N = 78)

变量	抑制控制			认知灵活性			工作记忆
变量	β	ΔR²	ΔF	β	ΔR²	ΔF	β	ΔR²	ΔF
第一层
语言发展得分	0.15	0.01	1.64	0.31	0.10^**	8.28^**	0.25^*	0.06^*	4.85^*
第二层
总睡眠时长	0.13			0.11			0.10
夜间睡眠比	0.44^**	0.21^**	4.92^**	0.32^**	0.13^**	2.99^*	0.31^**	0.12^*	2.84^*
周末补偿睡眠	0.15			0.16			0.16
消极情绪	-0.01			-0.06			0.01
第三层
消极情绪性×总睡眠时长	0.18			0.20			0.13
消极情绪性×夜间睡眠比	-0.06	0.12^**	4.24^**	-0.10	0.10^**	3.50^*	0.01	0.10^**	3.05^*
消极情绪性×周末补偿睡眠	0.35^**			0.29^*			0.30^*

表2学前儿童消极情绪性与睡眠时间各参数变量对执行功能的分层回归分析(N = 78)

变量	抑制控制			认知灵活性			工作记忆
变量	β	ΔR²	ΔF	β	ΔR²	ΔF	β	ΔR²	ΔF
第一层
语言发展得分	0.15	0.01	1.64	0.31	0.10^**	8.28^**	0.25^*	0.06^*	4.85^*
第二层
总睡眠时长	0.13			0.11			0.10
夜间睡眠比	0.44^**	0.21^**	4.92^**	0.32^**	0.13^**	2.99^*	0.31^**	0.12^*	2.84^*
周末补偿睡眠	0.15			0.16			0.16
消极情绪	-0.01			-0.06			0.01
第三层
消极情绪性×总睡眠时长	0.18			0.20			0.13
消极情绪性×夜间睡眠比	-0.06	0.12^**	4.24^**	-0.10	0.10^**	3.50^*	0.01	0.10^**	3.05^*
消极情绪性×周末补偿睡眠	0.35^**			0.29^*			0.30^*

表3RoS法检验消极情绪性和周末补偿睡眠交互作用的统计指标(N = 78)

结果	RoS X		PoI	PA	交叉点	X²与ZX²	P (i)
结果	下边界	上边界	PoI	PA	交叉点	X²与ZX²	P (i)
抑制控制
消极情绪性×周末补偿睡眠	-0.71	0.70	0.51	0.51	-0.03	Ns	0.02
认知灵活性
消极情绪性×周末补偿睡眠	-0.64	1.55	0.42	0.44	0.16	Ns	0.02
工作记忆
消极情绪性×周末补偿睡眠	-1.17	0.79	0.56	0.55	-0.12	Ns	0.02

表3RoS法检验消极情绪性和周末补偿睡眠交互作用的统计指标(N = 78)

结果	RoS X		PoI	PA	交叉点	X²与ZX²	P (i)
结果	下边界	上边界	PoI	PA	交叉点	X²与ZX²	P (i)
抑制控制
消极情绪性×周末补偿睡眠	-0.71	0.70	0.51	0.51	-0.03	Ns	0.02
认知灵活性
消极情绪性×周末补偿睡眠	-0.64	1.55	0.42	0.44	0.16	Ns	0.02
工作记忆
消极情绪性×周末补偿睡眠	-1.17	0.79	0.56	0.55	-0.12	Ns	0.02

图4周末补偿睡眠对学前儿童抑制控制的线性回归

图5周末补偿睡眠对学前儿童认知灵活性的线性回归

图6周末补偿睡眠对学前儿童工作记忆的线性回归

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