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1 陕西师范大学心理学院; 陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室, 西安 710062
2 中国科学院心理研究所, 北京 100101
收稿日期:
2017-08-28出版日期:
2018-09-15发布日期:
2018-07-27基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目(31600913);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目西部项目(15XJC190001);中国博士后基金(2016M590918, 2017T100724);陕西省博士后面上项目(2016BSHTDZZ10);陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划项目(20160210);陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费(18SZYB03)The habituation of hedonic and eudaimonic affect
LUO Yangmei1, MO Fan1,2, CHEN Xuhai1, JIANG Hongda1, YOU Xuqun1(
1 School of Psychology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China;
2 Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Received:
2017-08-28Online:
2018-09-15Published:
2018-07-27摘要/Abstract
摘要: 作为时间动态性表现形式之一, 积极情感习惯化对于心理健康和幸福感有着重要意义。积极情感可分为快乐型(追求快乐和避免痛苦)和实现型(追求意义和自我实现)。以往研究大多关注快乐型情感的习惯化, 而对实现型情感鲜有研究。并且, 实现型情感习惯化是否会受到多样化的影响及其与抑郁的关系也不清楚。因此, 采用习惯化范式, 对快乐型和实现型情感的动态变化过程进行了比较。结果发现:与快乐型情感相比, 实现型情感不容易发生习惯化; 多样性能降低两类积极情感的习惯化速度; 个体的抑郁水平与实现型情感习惯化速度有关, 且神经质在其中起调节作用。这表明, 实现型情感短期习惯化可能与个体的心理健康水平有着重要联系。
图/表 12
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图1研究假设:神经质对抑郁与实现型情感习惯化之间关系的调节作用
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图2实验1习惯化任务流程图示例
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图3积极和中性情感的习惯化
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表1积极和中性情感习惯化:二层线性模型
因变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | |||
刺激单一中的积极情感 | β00 | 67.93 | 2.63 | 25.81*** | γ0 | 264.32 | 1657.52*** |
β10 | -0.81 | 0.17 | 4.66*** | γ1 | 1.14 | 898.38*** | |
刺激多样中的积极情感 | β00 | 76.03 | 2.27 | 33.57*** | γ0 | 186.96 | 556.69*** |
β10 | -0.40 | 0.16 | -2.55* | γ1 | 0.86 | 330.77*** | |
刺激单一中的中性情感 | β00 | 50.91 | 3.37 | 15.12*** | γ0 | 435.09 | 2260.11*** |
β10 | -0.49 | 0.17 | -2.98** | γ1 | 1.01 | 673.93*** | |
刺激多样中的中性情感 | β00 | 62.59 | 1.99 | 31.46*** | γ0 | 116.19 | 149.20*** |
β10 | -0.21 | 0.10 | -2.04* | γ1 | 0.10 | 49.24 |
表1积极和中性情感习惯化:二层线性模型
因变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | |||
刺激单一中的积极情感 | β00 | 67.93 | 2.63 | 25.81*** | γ0 | 264.32 | 1657.52*** |
β10 | -0.81 | 0.17 | 4.66*** | γ1 | 1.14 | 898.38*** | |
刺激多样中的积极情感 | β00 | 76.03 | 2.27 | 33.57*** | γ0 | 186.96 | 556.69*** |
β10 | -0.40 | 0.16 | -2.55* | γ1 | 0.86 | 330.77*** | |
刺激单一中的中性情感 | β00 | 50.91 | 3.37 | 15.12*** | γ0 | 435.09 | 2260.11*** |
β10 | -0.49 | 0.17 | -2.98** | γ1 | 1.01 | 673.93*** | |
刺激多样中的中性情感 | β00 | 62.59 | 1.99 | 31.46*** | γ0 | 116.19 | 149.20*** |
β10 | -0.21 | 0.10 | -2.04* | γ1 | 0.10 | 49.24 |
表2积极和中性情感习惯化与抑郁的关系:二层线性模型
因变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | |||
刺激单一中的积极情感 | β01 | -3.67 | 2.39 | -1.53 | γ0 | 258.00 | 1575.03*** |
β11 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 1.02 | γ1 | 1.14 | 874.86*** | |
刺激单一中的中性情感 | β01 | 3.10 | 3.23 | 0.96 | γ0 | 437.48 | 2210.90*** |
β11 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.19 | γ1 | 1.04 | 673.50*** |
表2积极和中性情感习惯化与抑郁的关系:二层线性模型
因变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | |||
刺激单一中的积极情感 | β01 | -3.67 | 2.39 | -1.53 | γ0 | 258.00 | 1575.03*** |
β11 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 1.02 | γ1 | 1.14 | 874.86*** | |
刺激单一中的中性情感 | β01 | 3.10 | 3.23 | 0.96 | γ0 | 437.48 | 2210.90*** |
β11 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.19 | γ1 | 1.04 | 673.50*** |
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图4实现型和快乐型图片的举例
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图5实现型和快乐型和中性图片在意义度、效价和唤醒度上的评分
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图6快乐型、实现型和中性情感的习惯化
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表3实现型和快乐型情感的习惯化:二层线性模型
因变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | |||
刺激单一中的实现型情感 | β00 | 76.90 | 1.78 | 43.22*** | γ0 | 222.13 | 2725.41*** |
β10 | -0.62 | 0.12 | -5.07*** | γ1 | 1.04 | 1611.92*** | |
刺激单一中的快乐型情感 | β00 | 65.89 | 2.44 | 26.99*** | γ0 | 414.63 | 2045.34*** |
β10 | -0.96 | 0.14 | -6.62*** | γ1 | 1.39 | 887.68*** | |
刺激单一中的中性情感 | β00 | 47.78 | 1.83 | 26.10*** | γ0 | 229.67 | 1441.15*** |
β10 | -0.42 | 0.11 | -3.80*** | γ1 | 0.77 | 637.64*** | |
刺激多样中的实现型情感 | β00 | 77.63 | 1.38 | 56.06*** | γ0 | 122.48 | 619.21*** |
β10 | -0.26 | 0.08 | -3.31** | γ1 | 0.32 | 247.97*** | |
刺激多样中的快乐型情感 | β00 | 71.53 | 1.60 | 44.78*** | γ0 | 142.25 | 309.99*** |
β10 | -0.20 | 0.09 | -2.24* | γ1 | 0.23 | 118.83*** | |
刺激多样中的中性情感 | β00 | 47.08 | 1.37 | 34.28*** | γ0 | 107.44 | 334.33*** |
β10 | -0.13 | 0.09 | -1.43 | γ1 | 0.38 | 184.14*** |
表3实现型和快乐型情感的习惯化:二层线性模型
因变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | |||
刺激单一中的实现型情感 | β00 | 76.90 | 1.78 | 43.22*** | γ0 | 222.13 | 2725.41*** |
β10 | -0.62 | 0.12 | -5.07*** | γ1 | 1.04 | 1611.92*** | |
刺激单一中的快乐型情感 | β00 | 65.89 | 2.44 | 26.99*** | γ0 | 414.63 | 2045.34*** |
β10 | -0.96 | 0.14 | -6.62*** | γ1 | 1.39 | 887.68*** | |
刺激单一中的中性情感 | β00 | 47.78 | 1.83 | 26.10*** | γ0 | 229.67 | 1441.15*** |
β10 | -0.42 | 0.11 | -3.80*** | γ1 | 0.77 | 637.64*** | |
刺激多样中的实现型情感 | β00 | 77.63 | 1.38 | 56.06*** | γ0 | 122.48 | 619.21*** |
β10 | -0.26 | 0.08 | -3.31** | γ1 | 0.32 | 247.97*** | |
刺激多样中的快乐型情感 | β00 | 71.53 | 1.60 | 44.78*** | γ0 | 142.25 | 309.99*** |
β10 | -0.20 | 0.09 | -2.24* | γ1 | 0.23 | 118.83*** | |
刺激多样中的中性情感 | β00 | 47.08 | 1.37 | 34.28*** | γ0 | 107.44 | 334.33*** |
β10 | -0.13 | 0.09 | -1.43 | γ1 | 0.38 | 184.14*** |
表4实现型和快乐型情感习惯化与抑郁的关系:二层线性模型
因变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | |||
刺激单一中的实现型情感 | β01 | -0.39 | 1.86 | -0.21 | γ0 | 225.28 | 2723.59*** |
β11 | -0.39 | 0.17 | -2.35* | γ1 | 0.90 | 1385.24*** | |
刺激单一中的快乐型情感 | β01 | -4.48 | 2.51 | -1.78 | γ0 | 400.48 | 1949.63*** |
β11 | -0.22 | 0.13 | -1.70 | γ1 | 1.36 | 858.77*** |
表4实现型和快乐型情感习惯化与抑郁的关系:二层线性模型
因变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | |||
刺激单一中的实现型情感 | β01 | -0.39 | 1.86 | -0.21 | γ0 | 225.28 | 2723.59*** |
β11 | -0.39 | 0.17 | -2.35* | γ1 | 0.90 | 1385.24*** | |
刺激单一中的快乐型情感 | β01 | -4.48 | 2.51 | -1.78 | γ0 | 400.48 | 1949.63*** |
β11 | -0.22 | 0.13 | -1.70 | γ1 | 1.36 | 858.77*** |
表5神经质在抑郁和实现型情感习惯化之间的调节作用:二层线性模型
因变量 | 自变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | ||||
实现型 情感习惯化 | β00 | 76.90 | 1.63 | 47.29*** | ||||
β10 | -0.62 | 0.10 | -6.06*** | |||||
神经质 | β01 | -1.88 | 2.04 | -0.92 | ||||
β11 | -0.21 | 0.12 | -1.76 | |||||
抑郁 | β02 | -1.45 | 2.00 | -0.73 | ||||
β12 | -0.09 | 0.16 | -0.55 | |||||
抑郁和神经质的交互 | β03 | 4.91 | 0.79 | 6.18*** | γ0 | 193.13 | 2276.78*** | |
β13 | -0.33 | 0.08 | -4.20*** | γ1 | 0.75 | 1126.19*** |
表5神经质在抑郁和实现型情感习惯化之间的调节作用:二层线性模型
因变量 | 自变量 | 固定效应 | 随机效应 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | SE | t | V | χ2 | ||||
实现型 情感习惯化 | β00 | 76.90 | 1.63 | 47.29*** | ||||
β10 | -0.62 | 0.10 | -6.06*** | |||||
神经质 | β01 | -1.88 | 2.04 | -0.92 | ||||
β11 | -0.21 | 0.12 | -1.76 | |||||
抑郁 | β02 | -1.45 | 2.00 | -0.73 | ||||
β12 | -0.09 | 0.16 | -0.55 | |||||
抑郁和神经质的交互 | β03 | 4.91 | 0.79 | 6.18*** | γ0 | 193.13 | 2276.78*** | |
β13 | -0.33 | 0.08 | -4.20*** | γ1 | 0.75 | 1126.19*** |
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图7神经质在抑郁与实现型情感习惯化关系中的调节作用
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