) 四川师范大学心理学院, 成都 610068
收稿日期:2021-03-05发布日期:2021-10-26通讯作者:贡喆E-mail:zhegong@sicnu.edu.cn基金资助:四川应用心理学研究中心项目(CSXL-212A08)Are there sex differences in trust levels?
QU Jiachen, GONG Zhe() School of Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
Received:2021-03-05Published:2021-10-26Contact:GONG Zhe E-mail:zhegong@sicnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 信任水平是否存在性别差异, 学界观点莫衷一是。一派研究者持信任水平性别差异观, 其中风险偏好理论被用于佐证男性信任水平更高的观点, 女性在亲社会领域的优势则为女性具备更高信任水平提供支持; 另有一派研究者以性别相似性假设为依据, 持信任水平无性别差异观。两派观点及其理论基础虽得到一定程度支持, 但还有待从研究范式、东西方文化差异等角度阐明其合理性。未来研究可在合理运用信任测量方法的基础上, 澄清信任动态变化过程中的性别特征, 深化两性信任差异的神经生理机制研究, 从而更好地揭示信任水平的性别差异问题。
参考文献 85
| [1] | 李彩娜, 孙颖, 拓瑞, 刘佳. (2016). 安全依恋对人际信任的影响: 依恋焦虑的调节效应. 心理学报, 48(8), 989-1001. |
| [2] | 刘广增, 胡天强, 张大均. (2016). 中学生人际关系及其与自尊、人际信任的关系. 中国临床心理学杂志, 24(2), 349-355. |
| [3] | 贡喆, 唐玉洁, 刘昌. (2021). 信任博弈范式真的能测量信任吗. 心理科学进展, 29(1), 19-30. |
| [4] | 王沛, 梁雅君, 李宇, 刘雍鹤. (2016). 特质认知和关系认知对人际信任的影响. 心理科学进展, 24(5), 815-823. |
| [5] | 魏真瑜, 邓湘树, 赵治瀛. (2021). 亲社会行为中的从众效应. 心理科学进展, 29(3), 531-539. |
| [6] | 吴继霞, 黄希庭. (2012). 诚信结构初探. 心理学报, 44(3), 354-368. |
| [7] | 辛自强, 周正. (2012). 大学生人际信任变迁的横断历史研究. 心理科学进展, 20(3), 344-353. |
| [8] | 岳童, 黄希庭, 刘光远. (2017). 催产素影响人类社会认知的性别差异. 心理科学进展, 25(12), 2157-2167. |
| [9] | 严瑜, 吴霞. (2016). 从信任违背到信任修复: 道德情绪的作用机制. 心理科学进展, 24(4), 633-642. |
| [10] | 杨中芳, 彭泗清. (1999). 中国人人际信任的概念化: 一个人际关系的观点. 社会学研究, 2(2), 1-21. |
| [11] | 张宁, 张雨青, 吴坎坎. (2011). 信任的心理和神经生理机制. 心理科学, 34(5), 1137-1143. |
| [12] | 张蔚, 张振, 高宇, 段华平, 吴兴南. (2016). 经济决策中人际信任博弈的理论模型与脑机制. 心理科学进展, 24(11), 1780-1791. |
| [13] | 郑晓莹, 彭泗清, 彭璐珞. (2015). “达”则兼济天下? 社会比较对亲社会行为的影响及心理机制. 心理学报, 47(2), 243-250. |
| [14] | Apicella, C. L., Dreber, A., & Mollerstrom, J.(2014). Salivary testosterone change following monetary wins and losses predicts future financial risk-taking. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 39, 58-64. doi: S0306-4530(13)00344-2pmid: 24275004 |
| [15] | Balliet, D., Li, N. P., Macfarlan, S. J., & van Vugt, M.(2011). Sex differences in cooperation: A meta-analytic review of social dilemmas. Psychological Bulletin, 137(6), 881-909. doi: 10.1037/a0025354pmid: 21910518 |
| [16] | Barraza, J. A., McCullough, M. E., Ahmadi, S., & Zak, P. J.(2011). Oxytocin infusion increases charitable donations regardless of monetary resources. Hormones & Behavior, 60(2), 148-151. |
| [17] | Bauer, P. C., & Freitag, M.(2018). Measuring trust. In E. Uslaner (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of social and political trust (pp.15-36). Oxford Press. |
| [18] | Binzel, C., & Fehr, D.(2013). Social distance and trust: Experimental evidence from a slum in Cairo. Journal of Development Economics, 103, 99-106. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.01.009URL |
| [19] | Brülhart, M., & Usunier, J. C.(2012). Does the trust game measure trust? Economics Letters, 115(1), 20-23. doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2011.11.039URL |
| [20] | Buchan, N. R., Croson, R. T. A., & Solnick, S.(2008). Trust and gender: An examination of behavior and beliefs in the investment game. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 68(3-4), 466-476. |
| [21] | Castle, E., Eisenberger, N. I., Seeman, T. E., Moons, W. G., Boggero, I. A., Grinblatt, M. S., & Taylor, S. E.(2012). Neural and behavioral bases of age differences in perceptions of trust. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(51), 20848-20852. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1218518109URL |
| [22] | Charness, G., & Gneezy, U.(2012). Strong evidence for gender differences in risk taking. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 83(1), 50-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2011.06.007URL |
| [23] | Chaudhuri, A., & Gangadharn, L.(2002). Gender differences in trust and reciprocity. Department of Economics Working Papers, 45(1), 81-95. |
| [24] | Choleris, E., Devidze, N., Kavaliers, M., & Pfaff, D. W.(2008). Steroidal/neuropeptide interactions in hypothalamus and amygdala related to social anxiety. Progress in Brain Research, 170, 291-303. doi: 10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00424-Xpmid: 18655890 |
| [25] | Conway, C. A., Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., Welling, L. L. M., Law Smith, M. J., Perrett, D. I., … Al-Dujaili, E. A. S.(2007). Salience of emotional displays of danger and contagion in faces is enhanced when progesterone levels are raised. Hormones and Behavior, 51(2), 202-206. pmid: 17150220 |
| [26] | Cox, J. C., & Deck, C. A.(2006). When are women more generous than men? Economic Inquiry, 44(4), 587-598. doi: 10.1093/ei/cbj042URL |
| [27] | Croson, R., & Gneezy, U.(2009). Gender differences in preferences. Journal of Economic Literature, 47(2), 448474. |
| [28] | Derks, J., Lee, N. C., & Krabbendam, L.(2014). Adolescent trust and trustworthiness: Role of gender and social value orientation. Journal of Adolescence, 37(8), 1379-1386. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.09.014URL |
| [29] | de Wilde, T. R. W., Ten Velden, F. S., & de Dreu, C. K. W.(2017). The neuropeptide oxytocin enhances information sharing and group decision making quality. Scientific Reports, 7, 40622. doi: 10.1038/srep40622pmid: 28074896 |
| [30] | Dittrich, M.(2015). Gender differences in trust and reciprocity: Evidence from a large-scale experiment with heterogeneous subjects. Applied Economics, 47(36), 3825-3838. doi: 10.1080/00036846.2015.1019036URL |
| [31] | Eagly, A. H.(2009). The his and hers of prosocial behavior: An examination of the social psychology of gender. American Psychologist, 64(8), 644-658. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.64.8.644URL |
| [32] | Eagly, A. H., & Wood, W.(1999). The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles. American Psychologist, 54(6), 408-423. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.6.408URL |
| [33] | Falk, A., & Hermle, J.(2018). Relationship of gender differences in preferences to economic development and gender equality. Science, 362(6412), eaas9899. doi: 10.1126/science.aas9899URL |
| [34] | Fehr, E.(2009). On the economics and biology of trust. Journal of the European Economic Association, 7(2-3), 235-266. |
| [35] | Filippin, A., & Crosetto, P.(2016). A reconsideration of gender differences in risk attitudes. Management Science, 62(11), 3138-3160. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.2015.2294URL |
| [36] | Furumo, K., & Pearson, J. M.(2007). Gender-based communication styles, trust, and satisfaction in virtual teams. Journal of Information, Information Technology, and Organizations (Years 1-3), 2, 047-060. |
| [37] | Garbarino, E., & Slonim, R.(2009). The robustness of trust and reciprocity across a heterogeneous U.S. population. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 69(3), 226-240. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2007.06.010URL |
| [38] | Haselhuhn, M. P., Kennedy, J. A., Kray, L. J., van Zant, A. B., & Schweitzer, M. E.(2015). Gender differences in trust dynamics: Women trust more than men following a trust violation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 56, 104-109. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.09.007URL |
| [39] | Heany, S. J., Terburg, D., Stein, D. J., van Honk, J., & Bos, P. A.(2020). Neural responses in the pain matrix when observing pain of others are unaffected by testosterone administration in women. Experimental Brain Research, 238(3), 751-759. doi: 10.1007/s00221-020-05749-3URL |
| [40] | Holden, S. T., & Tilahun, M.(2018). Gender differences in risk tolerance, trust and trustworthiness: Are they related? Norwegian University of Life Sciences Centre for Land Tenure Studies, 18, 1-27. |
| [41] | Hong, K., & Bohnet, I.(2007). Status and distrust: The relevance of inequality and betrayal aversion. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28(2), 197-213. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2006.06.003URL |
| [42] | Hu, H.(2007). A comparative study of the effects of Taiwan- United States employee categorization on supervisor trust. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(2), 229-242. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2007.35.2.229URL |
| [43] | Hyde, J. S.(2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581-592. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581URL |
| [44] | Irwin, K., & Berigan, N.(2013). Trust, culture, and cooperation: A social dilemma analysis of pro-environmental behaviors. The Sociological Quarterly, 54(3), 424-449. doi: 10.1111/tsq.12029URL |
| [45] | Irwin, K., Edwards, K., & Tamburello, J. A.(2015). Gender, trust and cooperation in environmental social dilemmas. Social Science Research, 50, 328-342. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.09.002pmid: 25592940 |
| [46] | Kanagaretnam, K., Mestelman, S., Nainar, K., & Shehata, M.(2009). The impact of social value orientation and risk attitudes on trust and reciprocity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3), 368-380. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2008.12.003URL |
| [47] | Kiyonari, T., Yamagishi, T., Cook, K. S., & Cheshire, C.(2006). Does trust beget trustworthiness? Trust and trustworthiness in two games and two cultures: A research note. Social Psychology Quarterly, 69(3), 270-283. doi: 10.1177/019027250606900304URL |
| [48] | Kosfeld, M., Heinrichs, M., Zak, P. J., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E.(2005). Oxytocin increases trust in humans. Nature, 435(7042), 673-676. doi: 10.1038/nature03701URL |
| [49] | Krueger, F., Grafman, J., & McCabe, K.(2008). Neural correlates of economic game playing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1511), 3859-3874. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0165URL |
| [50] | Lemmers-Jansen, I. L. J., Fett, A.-K. J., Shergill, S. S., van Kesteren, M. T. R., & Krabbendam, L.(2019). Girls-boys: An investigation of gender differences in the behavioral and neural mechanisms of trust and reciprocity in adolescence. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13, 780-790. |
| [51] | Lemmers-Jansen, I. L. J., Krabbendam, L., Veltman, D. J., & Fett, A.-K. J.(2017). Boys vs. girls: Gender differences in the neural development of trust and reciprocity depend on social context. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, 235-245. doi: S1878-9293(16)30122-0pmid: 28258836 |
| [52] | Levine, E. E., & Schweitzer, M. E.(2015). Prosocial lies: When deception breeds trust. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 126, 88-106. doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.10.007URL |
| [53] | Li, C., Turmunkh, U., & Peter, P. W.(2019). Trust as a decision under ambiguity. Experimental Economics, 22(1), 51-75. doi: 10.1007/s10683-018-9582-3URL |
| [54] | Li, T., & Fung, H. H.(2013). Age differences in trust: An investigation across 38 countries. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(3), 347-355. |
| [55] | Mac Giolla, E., & Kajonius, P. J.(2019). Sex differences in personality are larger in gender equal countries: Replicating and extending a surprising finding. International Journal of Psychology, 54(6), 705-711. doi: 10.1002/ijop.12529pmid: 30206941 |
| [56] | Macko, A.(2020). Gender differences in trust, reactions to trust violation, and trust restoration. Decyjze, 33, 55-73. |
| [57] | Markowitz, H.(1952). Portfolio selection. Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91. |
| [58] | Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D.(1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709-734. doi: 10.2307/258792URL |
| [59] | Navarro-Carrillo, G., Valor-Segura, I., & Moya, M.(2018). Do you trust Strangers, close acquaintances, and members of your ingroup? Differences in trust based on social class in Spain. Social Indicators Research, 135(2), 585-597. doi: 10.1007/s11205-016-1527-7URL |
| [60] | Neufang, S., Specht, K., Hausmann, M., Gunturkun, O., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Fink, G. R., & Konrad, K.(2009). Sex differences and the impact of steroid hormones on the developing human brain. Cerebral Cortex, 19(2), 464-473. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhn100URL |
| [61] | Pletzer, J., Balliet, D., Joireman, J., Kuhlman, D., Voelpel, S., & van Lange, P.(2018). Social value orientation, expectations, and cooperation in social dilemmas: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Personality, 32(1), 62-83. doi: 10.1002/per.2139URL |
| [62] | Rapoport, A., & Chammah, A. M.(1965). Sex differences in factors contributing to the level of cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma game. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2(6), 831-838. pmid: 5838486 |
| [63] | Rodrigo-González, A., Caballer-Tarazona, M., & García- Gallego, A.(2019). Active learning on trust and reciprocity for undergraduates. Sustainability, 11(16), 4399. doi: 10.3390/su11164399URL |
| [64] | Romano, A., Balliet, D., Yamagishi, T., & Liu, J. H.(2017). Parochial trust and cooperation across 17 societies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(48), 12702-12707. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1712921114URL |
| [65] | Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S., & Camerer, C.(1998). Introduction to special topic forum: Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. The Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 393-404. doi: 10.5465/amr.1998.926617URL |
| [66] | Sapienza, P., Toldra-Simats, A., & Zingales, L.(2013). Understanding trust. The Economic Journal, 123(573), 1313-1332. doi: 10.1111/ecoj.12036URL |
| [67] | Schmitt, D. P., Long, A. E., McPhearson, A., O'Brien, K., Remmert, B., & Shah, S. H.(2017). Personality and gender differences in global perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 52(S1), 45-56. doi: 10.1002/ijop.2017.52.issue-S1URL |
| [68] | Shao, B.(2019). Moral anger as a dilemma? An investigation on how leader moral anger influences follower trust. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(3), 365-382. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.10.002URL |
| [69] | Sutter, M., & Kocher, M. G.(2007). Trust and trustworthiness across different age groups. Games and Economic Behavior, 59(2), 364-382. doi: 10.1016/j.geb.2006.07.006URL |
| [70] | Thielmann, I., & Hilbig, B. E.(2015). Trust: An integrative review from a person-situation perspective. Review of General Psychology, 19(3), 249-277. doi: 10.1037/gpr0000046URL |
| [71] | Thorndike, E. L.(1914). Educational psychology (Vol. 3). New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. |
| [72] | Uslaner, E. M.(2002). The moral foundations of trust. Cambridge University Press. |
| [73] | van de Groep, S., Meuwese, R., Zanolie, K., Güroğlu, B., & Crone, E. A.(2020). Developmental changes and individual differences in trust and reciprocity in adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 30(S1), 192-208. doi: 10.1111/jora.v30.s1URL |
| [74] | van den Akker, O. R., van Assen, M. A., van Vugt, M., & Wicherts, J. M.(2020). Sex differences in trust and trustworthiness: A meta-analysis of the trust game and the gift-exchange game. Journal of Economic Psychology, 81, 102329. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2020.102329URL |
| [75] | van den Bos, W., Westenberg, M., van Dijk, E., & Crone, E. A.(2010). Development of trust and reciprocity in adolescence. Cognitive Development, 25(1), 90-102. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.07.004URL |
| [76] | van Hoorn, A.(2015). Individualist-collectivist culture and trust radius: A multilevel approach. Journal of Cross- Cultural Psychology, 46(2), 269-276. doi: 10.1177/0022022114551053URL |
| [77] | Warner-Søderholm, G., Bertsch, A., Sawe, E., Lee, D., Wolfe, T., Meyer, J., … Fatilua, U. N.(2018). Who trusts social media? Computers in Human Behavior, 81, 303-315. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.12.026URL |
| [78] | Wu, Y., Hall, A. S. M., Siehl, S., Grafman, J., & Krueger, F.(2020). Neural signatures of gender differences in interpersonal trust. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 14, 225. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00225URL |
| [79] | Yamagishi, T., Akutsu, S., Cho, K., Inoue, Y., Li, Y., & Matsumoto, Y.(2015). Two-component model of general trust: Predicting behavioral trust from attitudinal trust. Social Cognition, 33(5), 436-458. doi: 10.1521/soco.2015.33.5.436URL |
| [80] | Yamagishi, T., & Yamagishi, M.(1994). Trust and commitment in the United States and Japan. Motivation and Emotion, 18(2), 129-166. doi: 10.1007/BF02249397URL |
| [81] | Zeffane, R.(2015). Gender, trust and risk-taking: A literature review and proposed research model. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 9(3), 221-232. doi: 10.1108/JEC-03-2014-0004URL |
| [82] | Zeffane, R.(2018). Do age, work experience and gender affect individuals' propensity to trust others? An exploratory study in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 38(3/4), 210-223. doi: 10.1108/IJSSP-07-2017-0093URL |
| [83] | Zeffane, R.(2020). Gender, individualism-collectivism and individuals' propensity to trust: A comparative exploratory study. Journal of Management & Organization, 26(4), 445-459. |
| [84] | Zhao, N., & Zhang, J.(2016). Gender differences in trusting strangers: Role of the target's gender. PsyCh Journal, 5(2), 83-91. doi: 10.1002/pchj.120pmid: 26774437 |
| [85] | Zinchenko, Y. P., Zotova, O. Yu., & Tarasova, L. V.(2017). Specifics of interpersonal trust among people with different gender identities. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 10(2), 134-148. |
相关文章 15
| [1] | 金杨华, 陈世伟, 朱玥, 谢江佩. 工作场所中他人感知的员工工作-家庭冲突：刻板印象视角[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(1): 230-238. |
| [2] | 王祯. 儿童的性别刻板印象威胁及其干预[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(2): 276-285. |
| [3] | 高在峰, 李文敏, 梁佳文, 潘晗希, 许为, 沈模卫. 自动驾驶车中的人机信任[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(12): 2172-2183. |
| [4] | 徐禕, 刘艺璇. 技术信任和领导信任对企业员工新技术接受的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(10): 1711-1723. |
| [5] | 贡喆, 唐玉洁, 刘昌. 信任博弈范式真的能测量信任吗?[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(1): 19-30. |
| [6] | 高青林, 周媛. 计算模型视角下信任形成的心理和神经机制——基于信任博弈中投资者的角度[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(1): 178-189. |
| [7] | 黄崇蓉, 胡瑜. 组织内信任与创造力的关系：元分析的证据[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(7): 1118-1132. |
| [8] | 颜爱民, 李亚丽, 谢菊兰, 李莹. 员工对企业社会责任的差异化反应:基于归因理论的阐释[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(6): 1004-1014. |
| [9] | 李庆功, 王震炎, 孙捷元, 师妍. 网约车场景中声誉和面孔可信度对女性信任判断的影响以及直觉性思维的调节作用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(5): 746-751. |
| [10] | 陈瀛, 徐敏霞, 汪新建. 信任的认知神经网络模型[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(5): 800-809. |
| [11] | 于全磊, 陈建文, 谭秀娟, 邓雪菲, 赵庆柏, 周治金. 父子(女)间面孔相似性的进化适应机制及其影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(3): 476-485. |
| [12] | 杨国春, 伍海燕, 齐玥, 刘勋. 人类性别加工的认知神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(12): 2008-2017. |
| [13] | 廖嘉俊, 李红, 吴寅. 睾酮与人类决策行为[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(9): 1607-1621. |
| [14] | 张坤坤, 张珂烨, 张火垠, 罗文波. 面孔可信度加工的时间进程和影响因素[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(8): 1394-1403. |
| [15] | 张珊珊, 谢晋宇, 吴敏. “蜜糖裹砒霜”：善意性别偏见对女性生涯发展的影响[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(8): 1478-1488. |
PDF全文下载地址:
http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlkxjz/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=5673
