), 罗俊龙1() 1上海师范大学心理学系, 上海 200234
2淮阴师范学院教育科学学院, 江苏 淮安 223300
收稿日期:2020-07-31出版日期:2021-05-15发布日期:2021-03-30通讯作者:王冠,罗俊龙E-mail:luo831023@163.com;wangg956892@126.com基金资助:教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19YJC190015);上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“曙光计划”(19SG43)The impact of threats on creativity based on cognitive and emotional processes
YIN Junting1, WANG Guan2(), LUO Junlong1() 1Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
2College of Education Science, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
Received:2020-07-31Online:2021-05-15Published:2021-03-30Contact:WANG Guan,LUO Junlong E-mail:luo831023@163.com;wangg956892@126.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 威胁对创造力的影响颇具热点性与争议性, 总体来看, 当前存在威胁对创造力的阻碍、促进以及两者间呈倒U型关系三种观点。但三种观点分歧的原因与内在机制尚不清楚。本文从认知与情绪角度对相关研究进行了梳理, 认为以上分歧来自于威胁等级的不同, 创造力机制的差异及相关的中介/调节变量。未来研究可从认知与情绪干预的角度, 系统验证观点分歧的原因, 深入分析威胁与创造力的认知神经和基因等内在机制。
图/表 2
图1威胁对创造力影响中的变量关系
图1威胁对创造力影响中的变量关系表1威胁操纵方式与创造力测量方法
| 引用文献 | 威胁操纵方式 | 威胁类型 | 创造力测量方式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baas et al. | 修改版囚徒困境游戏 | 社会威胁 | 研究1：AUT (砖块) 研究2：谈判任务 |
| Riley & Gabora, | 威胁程度不同的图片 | 生理威胁 | 创造力故事编造 |
| Kemmelmeier & Walton, | 两公司竞争生存 | 社会威胁 | 解决威胁任务 |
| Walton & Kemmelmeier, | 两公司竞争生存 | 社会威胁 | AUT (砖块) |
| Chamorro-Premuzic & Reichenbacher, | 告知被试任务完成中需录像, 且需与其他人比较 | 社会威胁 | AUT (夹子, 铅笔等) |
| Mehta et al. | 噪音刺激 | 生理威胁 | RAT任务 |
| Liu et al. | 他人的消极评价 | 社会威胁 | AUT (砖块) |
| Akinola & Mendes, | 他人的负面反馈 | 社会威胁 | 艺术拼贴画 |
| Hu et al. | 微弱电刺激 | 生理威胁 | Stroop任务 |
| Tohill & Holyoak, | 他人的负面反馈 | 社会威胁 | 类比推理任务 |
| Drace et al. | 消极刻板印象 | 社会威胁 | RPM任务 |
| Cheng et al. | 蛇或枪的图片 | 生理威胁 | 创造性答案选择或生成 |
| Lindstrom & Bohlin, | 蛇与蜘蛛的图片 | 生理威胁 | n-back任务/改版go-no go任务 |
| Jiang, | 工作不安全感 | 社会威胁 | 创意广告生成任务 |
| Probst et al. | 工作不安全感 | 社会威胁 | 研究1：Duncker功能固定性任务 研究2：RAT任务 |
表1威胁操纵方式与创造力测量方法
| 引用文献 | 威胁操纵方式 | 威胁类型 | 创造力测量方式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baas et al. | 修改版囚徒困境游戏 | 社会威胁 | 研究1：AUT (砖块) 研究2：谈判任务 |
| Riley & Gabora, | 威胁程度不同的图片 | 生理威胁 | 创造力故事编造 |
| Kemmelmeier & Walton, | 两公司竞争生存 | 社会威胁 | 解决威胁任务 |
| Walton & Kemmelmeier, | 两公司竞争生存 | 社会威胁 | AUT (砖块) |
| Chamorro-Premuzic & Reichenbacher, | 告知被试任务完成中需录像, 且需与其他人比较 | 社会威胁 | AUT (夹子, 铅笔等) |
| Mehta et al. | 噪音刺激 | 生理威胁 | RAT任务 |
| Liu et al. | 他人的消极评价 | 社会威胁 | AUT (砖块) |
| Akinola & Mendes, | 他人的负面反馈 | 社会威胁 | 艺术拼贴画 |
| Hu et al. | 微弱电刺激 | 生理威胁 | Stroop任务 |
| Tohill & Holyoak, | 他人的负面反馈 | 社会威胁 | 类比推理任务 |
| Drace et al. | 消极刻板印象 | 社会威胁 | RPM任务 |
| Cheng et al. | 蛇或枪的图片 | 生理威胁 | 创造性答案选择或生成 |
| Lindstrom & Bohlin, | 蛇与蜘蛛的图片 | 生理威胁 | n-back任务/改版go-no go任务 |
| Jiang, | 工作不安全感 | 社会威胁 | 创意广告生成任务 |
| Probst et al. | 工作不安全感 | 社会威胁 | 研究1：Duncker功能固定性任务 研究2：RAT任务 |
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