), 刘敏1, 岳衡1 1内蒙古师范大学心理学院, 呼和浩特 011517
2集宁师范学院教育科学学院, 乌兰察布 012000
3中央财经大学社会与心理学院, 北京 100081
4内蒙古师范大学体育学院, 呼和浩特 010022
收稿日期:2020-06-24出版日期:2021-03-15发布日期:2021-01-26通讯作者:包呼格吉乐图E-mail:baohuge@imnu.edu.cn基金资助:国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA325);内蒙古师范大学2019年度研究生科研创新基金项目(CXJJB19007)Homeostasis and transition of well-being: A new integrative perspective
SUN Junfang1,2, XIN Ziqiang3, BAO Hugejiletu1,4(), LIU Min1, YUE Heng1 1School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 011517, China
2School of Educational Science, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab 012000, China
3School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China
4School of Physical Education, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022 , China
Received:2020-06-24Online:2021-03-15Published:2021-01-26Contact:BAO Hugejiletu E-mail:baohuge@imnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 以往的实证和理论研究对幸福感稳定性与变化性问题持有不同观点。设定点理论认为幸福感通常保持在设定点位置, 动态平衡理论(及其变式——主观幸福感稳态理论)进一步强调幸福感在围绕设定点的某个范围内波动而呈动态平衡状态, 享乐适应理论在动态平衡理论基础上从情绪适应的角度分析了幸福感维持稳定的原因, 这三个理论均强调幸福感维持在某个平衡水平。相反, 持续幸福理论强调幸福感是可以提升的, 能发生长期的变化。这些理论观点的差异本质在于如何看待幸福感的稳定性与变化性, 我们借用生物学中的“稳态”“稳态应激”概念及物理学中的“跃迁”思想, 认为幸福感不仅存在稳态, 也会出现稳态应激, 并可由此引起幸福感稳态的跃升。这一整合视角为幸福感研究提供了新的解释框架, 也对幸福感的持续提升有启发意义。
图/表 1
表1各种幸福感理论的比较分析
| 设定点理论 | 动态平衡理论 | 享乐适应理论 | 持续幸福理论 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 幸福感的影响因素 | 遗传因素 | 遗传因素、环境因素(生活事件、外界刺激) | 情绪的适应、生活事件 | 遗传因素、环境因素、有意图的活动 |
| 影响因素类型 | 生理因素 | 生理因素、环境因素 | 心理因素、环境因素 | 生理因素、环境因素、心理因素 |
| 稳定性的影响因素 | 遗传因素 | 遗传因素 | 情绪的适应 | 遗传因素 |
| 变化性的影响因素 | 环境因素 | 生活事件 | 环境因素、有意图的活动 | |
| 稳定与变化的过程、机制 | 稳态 负反馈 | 稳态 负反馈 | 稳态 负反馈 | 稳态应激 正反馈 |
| 幸福感调节的结果 | 回到设定点 | 回到设定点(范围) | 回到平衡水平 | 强调形成新平衡态(稳态的跃迁) |
| 模型思维 | 物理学模型 | 生理学模型 | 生理学模型 | 生态学模型 |
表1各种幸福感理论的比较分析
| 设定点理论 | 动态平衡理论 | 享乐适应理论 | 持续幸福理论 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 幸福感的影响因素 | 遗传因素 | 遗传因素、环境因素(生活事件、外界刺激) | 情绪的适应、生活事件 | 遗传因素、环境因素、有意图的活动 |
| 影响因素类型 | 生理因素 | 生理因素、环境因素 | 心理因素、环境因素 | 生理因素、环境因素、心理因素 |
| 稳定性的影响因素 | 遗传因素 | 遗传因素 | 情绪的适应 | 遗传因素 |
| 变化性的影响因素 | 环境因素 | 生活事件 | 环境因素、有意图的活动 | |
| 稳定与变化的过程、机制 | 稳态 负反馈 | 稳态 负反馈 | 稳态 负反馈 | 稳态应激 正反馈 |
| 幸福感调节的结果 | 回到设定点 | 回到设定点(范围) | 回到平衡水平 | 强调形成新平衡态(稳态的跃迁) |
| 模型思维 | 物理学模型 | 生理学模型 | 生理学模型 | 生态学模型 |
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